HPSVM

📍 Overview

hpsvm is a fast and lightweight library for testing Solana programs. It works by creating an in-process Solana VM optimized for program developers. This makes it much faster to run and compile than alternatives like solana-program-test and solana-test-validator. In a further break from tradition, it has an ergonomic API with sane defaults and extensive configurability for those who want it.

hpsvm is optimized for low-overhead, in-process test execution. It does not try to emulate Sealevel-style concurrent scheduling inside a single VM instance. State-committing APIs such as send_transaction intentionally mutate one in-memory test environment in place.

This is a pure Rust library, making it ideal for Rust-native Solana development workflows.

✨ Features

• 🚀 High Performance: In-process VM avoids validator process and RPC overhead, so tests run significantly faster than external validators
• 🛠️ Easy to Use: Simple API with sensible defaults and comprehensive configuration options
• 🔧 Pure Rust: No external dependencies or runtime requirements beyond Rust
• 📊 Comprehensive Testing: Supports transactions, account management, and program execution
• 🔄 Configurable: Extensive options for customizing the test environment
• 📚 Well Documented: Full API documentation and examples

🚀 Getting Started

Prerequisites

• Rust
• Solana CLI (for building test programs)

🔧 Installation

Add hpsvm as a development dependency to your Solana program project:

cargo add --dev hpsvm

To read through live RPC state while keeping execution local, add the companion crate as well:

cargo add --dev hpsvm-fork-rpc

🤖 Quick Example

Here's a minimal example that demonstrates creating a test environment, airdropping SOL, and executing a transfer transaction:

use hpsvm::HPSVM;
use solana_address::Address;
use solana_keypair::Keypair;
use solana_message::Message;
use solana_signer::Signer;
use solana_system_interface::instruction::transfer;
use solana_transaction::Transaction;

// Create keypairs for testing
let from_keypair = Keypair::new();
let from = from_keypair.pubkey();
let to = Address::new_unique();

// Initialize the SVM with default configuration
let mut svm = HPSVM::new();

// Airdrop SOL to the sender account
svm.airdrop(&from, 10_000).unwrap();

// Create a transfer instruction
let instruction = transfer(&from, &to, 64);

// Build and sign the transaction
let tx = Transaction::new(
    &[&from_keypair],
    Message::new(&[instruction], Some(&from)),
    svm.latest_blockhash(),
);

// Execute the transaction
let tx_result = svm.send_transaction(tx).unwrap();

// Verify the results
let from_account = svm.get_account(&from).unwrap();
let to_account = svm.get_account(&to).unwrap();
assert_eq!(from_account.lamports, 4936);  // 10000 - 64 - fee
assert_eq!(to_account.lamports, 64);

📖 Usage

For more advanced usage, including custom configurations, program deployment, and complex transaction scenarios, see the full documentation.

Architecture Highlights

hpsvm keeps the HPSVM facade stable while exposing a few sharper seams for advanced test harnesses:

• transact computes an ExecutionOutcome without mutating the VM, and commit_transaction applies it explicitly when you want to persist the result.
• with_account_source lets the VM read missing accounts from an external source while keeping local writes in the in-memory overlay.
• block_env exposes the current blockhash and slot snapshot, and with_inspector installs lightweight top-level execution observers.

use hpsvm::HPSVM;
use solana_address::Address;
use solana_keypair::Keypair;
use solana_message::Message;
use solana_signer::Signer;
use solana_system_interface::instruction::transfer;
use solana_transaction::Transaction;

let mut svm = HPSVM::new();
let payer = Keypair::new();
let recipient = Address::new_unique();

svm.airdrop(&payer.pubkey(), 10_000).unwrap();

let tx = Transaction::new(
    &[&payer],
    Message::new(&[transfer(&payer.pubkey(), &recipient, 64)], Some(&payer.pubkey())),
    svm.latest_blockhash(),
);

let outcome = svm.transact(tx);
assert!(outcome.status().is_ok());
assert_eq!(svm.get_balance(&recipient), None);

let commit = svm.commit_transaction(outcome);
assert!(commit.is_ok());
assert_eq!(svm.get_balance(&recipient), Some(64));
assert_eq!(svm.block_env().latest_blockhash, svm.latest_blockhash());

Forking RPC State

hpsvm can read missing accounts through a configured account source. The hpsvm-fork-rpc companion crate provides an RPC-backed source with a local cache:

use hpsvm::HPSVM;
use hpsvm_fork_rpc::RpcForkSource;

let source = RpcForkSource::builder()
    .with_rpc_url("http://127.0.0.1:8899")
    .with_slot(1)
    .build();

let svm = HPSVM::default().with_account_source(source);

Top-Level Instruction Inspection

Use with_inspector when you need lightweight transaction observation without reaching into the lower-level invocation callback APIs:

use std::sync::{
    Arc,
    atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering},
};

use hpsvm::{HPSVM, Inspector};
use solana_address::Address;

#[derive(Default)]
struct CountingInspector {
    seen: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
}

impl Inspector for CountingInspector {
    fn on_instruction(&self, _svm: &HPSVM, _index: usize, _program_id: &Address) {
        self.seen.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
    }
}

let inspector = CountingInspector::default();
let observed = Arc::clone(&inspector.seen);
let _svm = HPSVM::new().with_inspector(inspector);

assert_eq!(observed.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0);

🛠️ Developing hpsvm

Building Test Programs

The test suite uses Solana programs that need to be built first:

cd crates/hpsvm/test_programs
cargo build-sbf

Running Tests

Run the full test suite:

cargo test

Running Benchmarks

cargo bench

Code Quality

Format code:

cargo fmt

Lint code:

cargo clippy

🙏 Acknowledgments

• Initially forked from litesvm
• Built for the Solana ecosystem
• Inspired by the need for faster, more ergonomic testing tools
• Thanks to the Solana community for their contributions and feedback