hostaddr 0.2.0

<div align="center">
<h1>hostaddr</h1>
</div>
<div align="center">

Extended types (`Domain`, `Host`, `HostAddr`) for working with net in Rust.

[<img alt="github" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/github-al8n/hostaddr-8da0cb?style=for-the-badge&logo=Github" height="22">][Github-url]
<img alt="LoC" src="https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgist.githubusercontent.com%2Fal8n%2F327b2a8aef9003246e45c6e47fe63937%2Fraw%2Fhostaddr" height="22">
[<img alt="Build" src="https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/al8n/hostaddr/ci.yml?logo=Github-Actions&style=for-the-badge" height="22">][CI-url]
[<img alt="codecov" src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/gh/al8n/hostaddr?style=for-the-badge&token=6R3QFWRWHL&logo=codecov" height="22">][codecov-url]

[<img alt="docs.rs" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/docs.rs-hostaddr-66c2a5?style=for-the-badge&labelColor=555555&logo=data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="20">][doc-url]
[<img alt="crates.io" src="https://img.shields.io/crates/v/hostaddr?style=for-the-badge&logo=data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="22">][crates-url]
[<img alt="crates.io" src="https://img.shields.io/crates/d/hostaddr?color=critical&logo=data:image/svg+xml;base64,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&style=for-the-badge" height="22">][crates-url]
<img alt="license" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0/MIT-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge&fontColor=white&logoColor=f5c076&logo=data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="22">

English | [简体中文][zh-cn-url]

</div>

## Features

- **`no_std` and `no-alloc` compatible**: Use the `Buffer` type for stack-allocated domains
- **Generic storage**: Works with `String`, `Arc<str>`, `Box<str>`, `Vec<u8>`, and many more
- **IDNA/Punycode support**: Automatic conversion of international domain names (requires `alloc` or `std`)
- **Type-safe parsing**: Compile-time guarantees for valid domains and hosts
- **Percent-encoding**: Automatic decoding of percent-encoded domains

## Installation

```toml
[dependencies]
hostaddr = "0.2"
```

### Cargo Features

- **`std`** (default): Enables standard library support
- **`alloc`**: Enables allocation support without `std`
- **`serde`**: Serialize/deserialize support
- **`arbitrary`**: Support for fuzzing with `arbitrary`
- **`cheap-clone`**: Implement `CheapClone` for smart pointer types
- **String types**: `smol_str`, `triomphe`, `bytes`, `tinyvec`, `smallvec`

## API Overview

This library provides three main types:

- **`Domain<S>`**: A validated DNS domain name (e.g., `example.com`, `測試.中國`)
- **`Host<S>`**: Either a domain name or an IP address
- **`HostAddr<S>`**: A host with an optional port number

## Examples

### Basic Usage

```rust,ignore
use hostaddr::HostAddr;

// Parse domain with String storage
let addr: HostAddr<String> = "example.com".parse().unwrap();
assert!(addr.is_domain());
assert_eq!(addr.to_string(), "example.com");

// Parse domain with port
let addr: HostAddr<String> = "example.com:8080".parse().unwrap();
assert_eq!(addr.port(), Some(8080));

// Parse IP address with port
let addr: HostAddr<String> = "127.0.0.1:8080".parse().unwrap();
assert!(addr.is_ip());
assert_eq!(addr.port(), Some(8080));

// Parse IPv6 address with port
let addr: HostAddr<String> = "[::1]:8080".parse().unwrap();
assert!(addr.is_ipv6());
```

### Using Different Storage Types

```rust,ignore
use hostaddr::HostAddr;
use std::sync::Arc;

// Using Arc<str> for shared ownership
let addr: HostAddr<Arc<str>> = "example.com:8080".parse().unwrap();

// Using Box<str> for heap allocation
let addr: HostAddr<Box<str>> = "example.com:8080".parse().unwrap();

// Using Vec<u8> for byte storage
let addr: HostAddr<Vec<u8>> = "example.com".parse().unwrap();
```

### Using Buffer for `no_std`/`no-alloc`

```rust,ignore
use hostaddr::{HostAddr, Buffer, Domain};

// Stack-allocated domain (no heap allocation)
let domain: Domain<Buffer> = Domain::try_from("example.com").unwrap();

// Works in no_std environments
let addr: HostAddr<Buffer> = HostAddr::try_from("example.com:443").unwrap();
```

### Working with Domains

```rust,ignore
use hostaddr::Domain;

// International domain names are automatically converted to punycode
let domain: Domain<String> = "測試.中國".parse().unwrap();
assert_eq!(domain.as_inner().as_str(), "xn--g6w251d.xn--fiqz9s");

// Parse ASCII-only domains without punycode conversion
let domain = Domain::try_from_ascii_str("example.com").unwrap();
assert_eq!(domain.as_ref().into_inner(), "example.com");

// Fully-qualified domain names (FQDN) are supported
let domain: Domain<String> = "example.com.".parse().unwrap();
assert_eq!(domain.as_inner().as_str(), "example.com.");
```

### Working with Hosts

```rust,ignore
use hostaddr::Host;
use std::net::IpAddr;

// Parse a host (domain or IP)
let host: Host<String> = "example.com".parse().unwrap();
assert!(host.is_domain());

let host: Host<String> = "127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap();
assert!(host.is_ip());

// Convert between types
let ip: IpAddr = "127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap();
let host: Host<String> = Host::from(ip);
```

### Manipulating HostAddr

```rust,ignore
use hostaddr::HostAddr;

// Create and modify
let mut addr: HostAddr<String> = "example.com".parse().unwrap();
addr.set_port(8080);
assert_eq!(addr.port(), Some(8080));

// Builder-style API
let addr = HostAddr::<String>::from_domain("api.example.com".parse().unwrap())
    .with_port(443);
assert_eq!(addr.to_string(), "api.example.com:443");

// Check host type
if addr.is_domain() {
    assert_eq!(addr.port(), Some(443));
}
```

### Percent Encoding

```rust,ignore
use hostaddr::Domain;

// Percent-encoded domains are automatically decoded
let domain: Domain<String> = "example%2Ecom".parse().unwrap();
assert_eq!(domain.as_inner().as_str(), "example.com");

// Works with international domains too
let domain: Domain<String> = "測試%2E中國".parse().unwrap();
assert_eq!(domain.as_inner().as_str(), "xn--g6w251d.xn--fiqz9s");
```

### Verification Functions

```rust,ignore
use hostaddr::{verify_domain, verify_ascii_domain};

// Verify any domain (including international)
assert!(verify_domain(b"example.com").is_ok());
assert!(verify_domain("測試.中國".as_bytes()).is_ok());

// Verify ASCII-only domains
assert!(verify_ascii_domain(b"example.com").is_ok());
assert!(verify_ascii_domain("測試.中國".as_bytes()).is_err());
```

#### License

`hostaddr` is under the terms of both the MIT license and the
Apache License (Version 2.0).

See [LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE), [LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) for details.

Copyright (c) 2025 Al Liu.

[Github-url]: https://github.com/al8n/hostaddr/
[CI-url]: https://github.com/al8n/hostaddr/actions/workflows/ci.yml
[doc-url]: https://docs.rs/hostaddr
[crates-url]: https://crates.io/crates/hostaddr
[codecov-url]: https://app.codecov.io/gh/al8n/hostaddr/
[zh-cn-url]: https://github.com/al8n/hostaddr/tree/main/README-zh_CN.md