hermes-five 0.1.0

//! Defines Hermes-Five event manager system.

use std::any::Any;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
use std::sync::Arc;

use futures::future::BoxFuture;
use futures::FutureExt;
use parking_lot::Mutex;

use crate::errors::Error;
use crate::utils::task;

type Callback =
    dyn FnMut(Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>) -> BoxFuture<'static, Result<(), Error>> + Send;
pub type EventHandler = usize;
struct CallbackWrapper {
    id: EventHandler,
    callback: Box<Callback>,
}
type SyncedCallbackMap = Mutex<HashMap<String, Vec<CallbackWrapper>>>;

#[derive(Clone, Default)]
pub struct EventManager {
    callbacks: Arc<SyncedCallbackMap>,
    next_id: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
}

impl EventManager {
    /// Register event handler for a specific event name.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// * `event` - The event name (any type that matches an `Into<String>`)
    /// * `callback` - An async moved callback that accepts a single parameter as an argument.
    ///                The argument can be anything that might be both `Send + Sync`.
    ///                You can trick multiple parameters by turning them in a single tuple.
    ///
    /// # Return
    /// Returns an EventHandler that can be used by the `unregister()` method.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// If the event handler does not match the expected emitted event exactly it will fail silently.
    /// That means if the tuple gave in the callback parameter does not exactly match the emit one
    /// no handler will be called.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use hermes_five::utils::EventManager;
    /// use hermes_five::pause;
    ///
    /// #[hermes_five::runtime]
    /// async fn main() {
    ///     // Instantiate an EventManager
    ///     let events: EventManager = Default::default();
    ///
    ///     // Register various handlers for the same event.
    ///     events.on("ready", |name: String| async move { Ok(()) });
    ///     events.on("ready", |age: u8| async move { Ok(()) });
    ///     events.on("ready", |whatever: Vec<[u8;4]>| async move { Ok(()) });
    ///     events.on("ready", |(name, age): (&str, u8)| async move {
    ///         println!("Event handler with parameters: {} {}.", name, age);
    ///         pause!(1000);
    ///         println!("Event handler done");
    ///         Ok(())
    ///     });
    ///
    ///     // Invoke handlers for "ready" event.
    ///     events.emit("ready", ("foo", 69u8));
    ///
    ///     // None matching handler (because of parameters) will never be called.
    ///     events.emit("ready", ("bar"));
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn on<S, F, T, Fut>(&self, event: S, mut callback: F) -> EventHandler
    where
        S: Into<String>,
        T: 'static + Send + Sync + Clone,
        F: FnMut(T) -> Fut + Send + 'static,
        Fut: std::future::Future<Output = Result<(), Error>> + Send + 'static,
    {
        let event_name = event.into();
        // Generate a unique ID.
        let id = self.next_id.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
        // Boxes the callback and downcast its parameter.
        let boxed_callback =
            Box::new(
                move |arg: Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>| match arg.downcast::<T>() {
                    Ok(arg) => callback((*arg).clone()).boxed(),
                    Err(_) => Box::pin(async { Ok(()) }),
                },
            );

        let wrapper = CallbackWrapper {
            id,
            callback: boxed_callback,
        };

        self.callbacks
            .lock()
            .entry(event_name)
            .or_default()
            .push(wrapper);

        id
    }

    /// Invoke all event handlers registered for a specific event name.
    /// Only the callback registered by the `on()` method and whose payload matches the declared
    /// callback type will be called. All others will be silently skipped.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// * `event`:  The event name (any type that matches an `Into<String>`)
    /// * `payload`: The event payload (must be `'static + Send + Sync`)
    ///              The payload can be anything that might be both `Send + Sync`.
    ///              You can trick multiple parameters by turning them in a single tuple.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use hermes_five::utils::EventManager;
    ///
    /// #[hermes_five::runtime]
    /// async fn main() {
    ///     // Instantiate an EventManager
    ///     let events: EventManager = Default::default();
    ///
    ///     // Register various handlers for the same event.
    ///     events.on("ready", |name: &str| async move {
    ///         println!("Callback 1");
    ///         Ok(())
    ///     });
    ///     events.on("ready", |age: u8| async move {
    ///         println!("Callback 2");
    ///         Ok(())
    ///     });
    ///
    ///     // Invoke handlers for "ready" event matching &str parameter.
    ///     events.emit("ready", "foo");
    ///     // Invoke handlers for "ready" event matching u8 parameter.
    ///     events.emit("ready", 42);
    ///
    ///     // No event registered for "nothing" event.
    ///     events.emit("nothing", ());
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn emit<S, T>(&self, event: S, payload: T)
    where
        S: Into<String>,
        T: 'static + Send + Sync,
    {
        let payload_any: Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync> = Arc::new(payload);
        if let Some(callbacks) = self.callbacks.lock().get_mut(&event.into()) {
            for wrapper in callbacks.iter_mut() {
                let payload_clone = payload_any.clone();
                let future = (wrapper.callback)(payload_clone);
                let _ = task::run(future);
            }
        }
    }

    /// Unregister a given handler if found.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use hermes_five::utils::EventManager;
    ///
    /// #[hermes_five::runtime]
    /// async fn main() {
    ///     // Instantiate an EventManager
    ///     let events: EventManager = Default::default();
    ///
    ///     // Register various handlers for the same event.
    ///     let handler1 = events.on("ready", |age: u8| async move {
    ///         println!("Callback 1");
    ///         Ok(())
    ///     });
    ///     let handler2 = events.on("ready", |age: u8| async move {
    ///         println!("Callback 2");
    ///         Ok(())
    ///     });
    ///
    ///     // Unregister handler 1.
    ///     events.unregister(handler1);
    ///
    ///     // Invoke handlers for "ready" event matching u8 parameter.
    ///     // Only the callback2 remains to be called here.
    ///     events.emit("ready", 42);
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn unregister(&self, handler: EventHandler) {
        let _ = &self
            .callbacks
            .lock()
            .values_mut()
            .for_each(|v| v.retain(|cb| cb.id != handler));
    }
}

impl Debug for EventManager {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self.callbacks.lock().len() {
            1 => write!(f, "EventManager: 1 registered callback"),
            count => write!(f, "EventManager: {} registered callbacks", count),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU8};

    use crate::pause;

    use super::*;

    #[hermes_five_macros::test]
    async fn test_register_and_emit_event() {
        let events: EventManager = Default::default();
        let payload = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));

        events.on("register", |flag: Arc<AtomicBool>| async move {
            flag.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
            Ok(())
        });

        events.emit("register", payload.clone());

        pause!(100);
        assert!(
            payload.load(Ordering::SeqCst),
            "The flag have been set by the triggered event."
        );
    }

    #[hermes_five_macros::test]
    async fn test_unregister_event_handler() {
        let events: EventManager = Default::default();
        let flag = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));

        let handler = events.on("unregister", |flag: Arc<AtomicBool>| async move {
            flag.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
            Ok(())
        });

        events.unregister(handler);
        events.emit("unregister", flag.clone());

        pause!(100);
        assert!(
            !flag.load(Ordering::SeqCst),
            "The event was unregistered: the flag have not been set."
        );
    }

    #[hermes_five_macros::test]
    async fn test_multiple_handlers() {
        let events: EventManager = Default::default();
        let flag = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));

        events.on("multiple", |flag: Arc<AtomicUsize>| async move {
            let value = flag.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
            flag.store(value + 1, Ordering::SeqCst);
            Ok(())
        });

        events.on("multiple", |flag: Arc<AtomicUsize>| async move {
            let value = flag.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
            flag.store(value + 1, Ordering::SeqCst);
            Ok(())
        });

        events.on(
            "multiple",
            |(_not_matching, flag): (u8, Arc<AtomicUsize>)| async move {
                let value = flag.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
                flag.store(value + 1, Ordering::SeqCst);
                Ok(())
            },
        );

        events.emit("multiple", flag.clone());

        pause!(500);
        assert_eq!(
            flag.load(Ordering::SeqCst),
            2,
            "The flag have been increased by 2."
        );
    }

    #[hermes_five_macros::test]
    async fn test_event_with_complex_payload() {
        let events: EventManager = Default::default();
        let flag = Arc::new(AtomicU8::new(0));

        events.on(
            "payload",
            |(number1, number2, container): (u8, u8, Arc<AtomicU8>)| async move {
                container.store(number1 + number2, Ordering::SeqCst);
                Ok(())
            },
        );
        events.emit("payload", (42u8, 69u8, flag.clone()));

        pause!(100);
        assert_eq!(
            flag.load(Ordering::SeqCst),
            111,
            "The complex flag has been properly received."
        );
    }

    #[hermes_five_macros::test]
    async fn test_no_handlers_for_event() {
        let events: EventManager = Default::default();
        let result = events.emit("no_event", ());
        assert_eq!(result, (), "Nothing to do.");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_event_manager_debug() {
        let events: EventManager = Default::default();
        events.on("test", |_: ()| async move { Ok(()) });
        assert_eq!(
            format!("{:?}", events),
            "EventManager: 1 registered callback"
        );
        events.on("test2", |_: ()| async move { Ok(()) });
        assert_eq!(
            format!("{:?}", events),
            "EventManager: 2 registered callbacks"
        );
    }
}