helios-persistence 0.1.43

Polyglot persistence layer for Helios FHIR Server
Documentation
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//! SearchProvider, TextSearchProvider, IncludeProvider, and RevincludeProvider
//! implementations for the Elasticsearch backend.

use async_trait::async_trait;
use elasticsearch::SearchParts;
use serde_json::{Value, json};

use crate::core::ResourceStorage;
use crate::core::search::{
    IncludeProvider, RevincludeProvider, SearchProvider, SearchResult, TextSearchProvider,
};
use crate::error::{BackendError, StorageResult};
use crate::tenant::TenantContext;
use crate::types::{
    CursorValue, IncludeDirective, Page, PageCursor, PageInfo, Pagination, SearchQuery,
    StoredResource,
};

use super::backend::ElasticsearchBackend;
use super::schema;
use super::search::fts;
use super::search::query_builder::{EsQueryBuilder, build_count_query};

fn internal_error(message: String) -> crate::error::StorageError {
    crate::error::StorageError::Backend(BackendError::Internal {
        backend_name: "elasticsearch".to_string(),
        message,
        source: None,
    })
}

#[async_trait]
impl SearchProvider for ElasticsearchBackend {
    async fn search(
        &self,
        tenant: &TenantContext,
        query: &SearchQuery,
    ) -> StorageResult<SearchResult> {
        let tenant_id = tenant.tenant_id().as_str();
        let resource_type = &query.resource_type;
        let index = self.index_name(tenant_id, resource_type);

        // Build ES query
        let builder = EsQueryBuilder::new(tenant_id, resource_type, index.clone());
        let es_query = builder.build(query);

        // Execute search
        let response = self
            .client()
            .search(SearchParts::Index(&[&index]))
            .body(es_query.body)
            .send()
            .await;

        let response = match response {
            Ok(r) => r,
            Err(e) => {
                // Index might not exist yet - return empty results
                tracing::debug!("ES search failed (index may not exist): {}", e);
                return Ok(SearchResult::new(Page::new(vec![], PageInfo::end())));
            }
        };

        if !response.status_code().is_success() {
            let body = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
            // 404 means index doesn't exist - return empty results
            if body.contains("index_not_found_exception") {
                return Ok(SearchResult::new(Page::new(vec![], PageInfo::end())));
            }
            return Err(internal_error(format!("Search failed: {}", body)));
        }

        let body: Value = response
            .json()
            .await
            .map_err(|e| internal_error(format!("Failed to parse search response: {}", e)))?;

        // Parse hits
        let hits = body
            .get("hits")
            .and_then(|h| h.get("hits"))
            .and_then(|h| h.as_array())
            .cloned()
            .unwrap_or_default();

        let total = body
            .get("hits")
            .and_then(|h| h.get("total"))
            .and_then(|t| t.get("value"))
            .and_then(|v| v.as_u64());

        let count = query.count.unwrap_or(20) as usize;

        let mut resources = Vec::new();
        let mut last_sort: Option<Vec<Value>> = None;
        let mut last_resource_id = String::new();

        for hit in &hits {
            let source = match hit.get("_source") {
                Some(s) => s,
                None => continue,
            };

            // Skip deleted
            if source
                .get("is_deleted")
                .and_then(|v| v.as_bool())
                .unwrap_or(false)
            {
                continue;
            }

            if let Some(stored) = parse_hit_to_stored_resource(source, tenant)? {
                last_resource_id = stored.id().to_string();
                resources.push(stored);
            }

            // Track sort values for cursor
            if let Some(sort) = hit.get("sort") {
                last_sort = sort.as_array().cloned();
            }
        }

        // Determine pagination
        let has_next = resources.len() >= count;
        let next_cursor = if has_next {
            last_sort.as_ref().map(|sort_values| {
                let cursor_values: Vec<CursorValue> = sort_values
                    .iter()
                    .take(sort_values.len().saturating_sub(1)) // exclude tie-breaker
                    .map(|v| {
                        if let Some(s) = v.as_str() {
                            CursorValue::String(s.to_string())
                        } else if let Some(n) = v.as_i64() {
                            CursorValue::Number(n)
                        } else if let Some(b) = v.as_bool() {
                            CursorValue::Boolean(b)
                        } else if v.is_null() {
                            CursorValue::Null
                        } else {
                            CursorValue::String(v.to_string())
                        }
                    })
                    .collect();

                PageCursor::new(cursor_values, &last_resource_id).encode()
            })
        } else {
            None
        };

        let page_info = PageInfo {
            next_cursor,
            previous_cursor: None,
            total,
            has_next,
            has_previous: query.cursor.is_some() || query.offset.unwrap_or(0) > 0,
        };

        let page = Page::new(resources, page_info);
        let mut result = SearchResult::new(page);

        if let Some(t) = total {
            result = result.with_total(t);
        }

        // Resolve includes if requested
        if !query.includes.is_empty() {
            let include_directives: Vec<IncludeDirective> = query
                .includes
                .iter()
                .filter(|i| i.include_type == crate::types::IncludeType::Include)
                .cloned()
                .collect();
            if !include_directives.is_empty() {
                let included = self
                    .resolve_includes(tenant, &result.resources.items, &include_directives)
                    .await?;
                result = result.with_included(included);
            }
        }

        Ok(result)
    }

    async fn search_count(
        &self,
        tenant: &TenantContext,
        query: &SearchQuery,
    ) -> StorageResult<u64> {
        let tenant_id = tenant.tenant_id().as_str();
        let resource_type = &query.resource_type;
        let index = self.index_name(tenant_id, resource_type);

        let count_body = build_count_query(tenant_id, resource_type, query);

        let response = self
            .client()
            .count(elasticsearch::CountParts::Index(&[&index]))
            .body(count_body)
            .send()
            .await;

        match response {
            Ok(resp) if resp.status_code().is_success() => {
                let body: Value = resp.json().await.unwrap_or_default();
                Ok(body.get("count").and_then(|c| c.as_u64()).unwrap_or(0))
            }
            _ => Ok(0),
        }
    }
}

#[async_trait]
impl TextSearchProvider for ElasticsearchBackend {
    async fn search_text(
        &self,
        tenant: &TenantContext,
        resource_type: &str,
        text: &str,
        pagination: &Pagination,
    ) -> StorageResult<SearchResult> {
        let tenant_id = tenant.tenant_id().as_str();
        let index = self.index_name(tenant_id, resource_type);

        schema::ensure_index(self, tenant_id, resource_type).await?;

        let body = json!({
            "query": {
                "bool": {
                    "must": [fts::build_narrative_query(text)],
                    "filter": [
                        { "term": { "tenant_id": tenant_id } },
                        { "term": { "is_deleted": false } }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "size": pagination.count,
            "track_total_hits": true,
            "sort": [
                { "_score": { "order": "desc" } },
                { "resource_id": { "order": "asc" } }
            ]
        });

        execute_text_search(self, &index, body, tenant).await
    }

    async fn search_content(
        &self,
        tenant: &TenantContext,
        resource_type: &str,
        content: &str,
        pagination: &Pagination,
    ) -> StorageResult<SearchResult> {
        let tenant_id = tenant.tenant_id().as_str();
        let index = self.index_name(tenant_id, resource_type);

        schema::ensure_index(self, tenant_id, resource_type).await?;

        let body = json!({
            "query": {
                "bool": {
                    "must": [fts::build_content_query(content)],
                    "filter": [
                        { "term": { "tenant_id": tenant_id } },
                        { "term": { "is_deleted": false } }
                    ]
                }
            },
            "size": pagination.count,
            "track_total_hits": true,
            "sort": [
                { "_score": { "order": "desc" } },
                { "resource_id": { "order": "asc" } }
            ]
        });

        execute_text_search(self, &index, body, tenant).await
    }
}

/// Executes a text search query and returns the results.
async fn execute_text_search(
    backend: &ElasticsearchBackend,
    index: &str,
    body: Value,
    tenant: &TenantContext,
) -> StorageResult<SearchResult> {
    let response = backend
        .client()
        .search(SearchParts::Index(&[index]))
        .body(body)
        .send()
        .await;

    let response = match response {
        Ok(r) => r,
        Err(_) => {
            return Ok(SearchResult::new(Page::new(vec![], PageInfo::end())));
        }
    };

    if !response.status_code().is_success() {
        let body = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
        if body.contains("index_not_found_exception") {
            return Ok(SearchResult::new(Page::new(vec![], PageInfo::end())));
        }
        return Err(internal_error(format!("Text search failed: {}", body)));
    }

    let body: Value = response
        .json()
        .await
        .map_err(|e| internal_error(format!("Failed to parse response: {}", e)))?;

    let hits = body
        .get("hits")
        .and_then(|h| h.get("hits"))
        .and_then(|h| h.as_array())
        .cloned()
        .unwrap_or_default();

    let total = body
        .get("hits")
        .and_then(|h| h.get("total"))
        .and_then(|t| t.get("value"))
        .and_then(|v| v.as_u64());

    let mut resources = Vec::new();
    for hit in &hits {
        if let Some(source) = hit.get("_source") {
            if let Some(stored) = parse_hit_to_stored_resource(source, tenant)? {
                resources.push(stored);
            }
        }
    }

    let page = Page::new(resources, PageInfo::end());
    let mut result = SearchResult::new(page);
    if let Some(t) = total {
        result = result.with_total(t);
    }
    Ok(result)
}

#[async_trait]
impl IncludeProvider for ElasticsearchBackend {
    async fn resolve_includes(
        &self,
        tenant: &TenantContext,
        resources: &[StoredResource],
        includes: &[IncludeDirective],
    ) -> StorageResult<Vec<StoredResource>> {
        let mut included = Vec::new();

        for directive in includes {
            for resource in resources {
                // Extract references from the resource's content
                let content = resource.content();
                let search_param = &directive.search_param;

                // Walk the content looking for reference values
                let references = extract_references(content, search_param);

                for (ref_type, ref_id) in references {
                    // Check target type filter
                    if let Some(ref target_type) = directive.target_type {
                        if ref_type != *target_type {
                            continue;
                        }
                    }

                    // Read the referenced resource from ES
                    if let Some(stored) = self.read(tenant, &ref_type, &ref_id).await? {
                        // Avoid duplicates
                        if !included.iter().any(|r: &StoredResource| {
                            r.resource_type() == stored.resource_type() && r.id() == stored.id()
                        }) {
                            included.push(stored);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(included)
    }
}

#[async_trait]
impl RevincludeProvider for ElasticsearchBackend {
    async fn resolve_revincludes(
        &self,
        tenant: &TenantContext,
        resources: &[StoredResource],
        revincludes: &[IncludeDirective],
    ) -> StorageResult<Vec<StoredResource>> {
        let mut result = Vec::new();

        for directive in revincludes {
            let source_type = &directive.source_type;
            if source_type.is_empty() {
                continue;
            }

            for resource in resources {
                let reference_value = format!("{}/{}", resource.resource_type(), resource.id());

                // Search for resources of source_type that reference this resource
                let query =
                    SearchQuery::new(source_type).with_parameter(crate::types::SearchParameter {
                        name: directive.search_param.clone(),
                        param_type: crate::types::SearchParamType::Reference,
                        modifier: None,
                        values: vec![crate::types::SearchValue::eq(&reference_value)],
                        chain: vec![],
                        components: vec![],
                    });

                let search_result = self.search(tenant, &query).await?;

                for stored in search_result.resources.items {
                    if !result.iter().any(|r: &StoredResource| {
                        r.resource_type() == stored.resource_type() && r.id() == stored.id()
                    }) {
                        result.push(stored);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(result)
    }
}

/// Parses an ES hit's `_source` into a `StoredResource`.
fn parse_hit_to_stored_resource(
    source: &Value,
    tenant: &TenantContext,
) -> StorageResult<Option<StoredResource>> {
    let resource_type = match source.get("resource_type").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
        Some(rt) => rt,
        None => return Ok(None),
    };

    let resource_id = match source.get("resource_id").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
        Some(id) => id,
        None => return Ok(None),
    };

    let version_id = source
        .get("version_id")
        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
        .unwrap_or("1");

    let content = source.get("content").cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| json!({}));

    let fhir_version_str = source
        .get("fhir_version")
        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
        .unwrap_or("4.0");
    let fhir_version =
        helios_fhir::FhirVersion::from_mime_param(fhir_version_str).unwrap_or_default();

    let last_updated = source
        .get("last_updated")
        .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
        .and_then(|s| chrono::DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(s).ok())
        .map(|dt| dt.with_timezone(&chrono::Utc))
        .unwrap_or_else(chrono::Utc::now);

    Ok(Some(StoredResource::from_storage(
        resource_type,
        resource_id,
        version_id,
        tenant.tenant_id().clone(),
        content,
        last_updated,
        last_updated,
        None,
        fhir_version,
    )))
}

/// Extracts reference values from a FHIR resource for a given search parameter.
///
/// Returns a list of (resource_type, resource_id) tuples.
fn extract_references(content: &Value, param_name: &str) -> Vec<(String, String)> {
    let mut refs = Vec::new();

    // Common reference fields in FHIR resources
    // The param name maps to a path in the resource
    if let Some(obj) = content.as_object() {
        // Direct field match (e.g., "subject" -> content.subject)
        if let Some(ref_value) = obj.get(param_name) {
            extract_reference_from_value(ref_value, &mut refs);
        }

        // Also check common FHIR reference patterns
        for (_key, value) in obj {
            if let Some(ref_obj) = value.as_object() {
                if let Some(reference) = ref_obj.get("reference").and_then(|r| r.as_str()) {
                    if let Some((rt, id)) = parse_reference_string(reference) {
                        refs.push((rt, id));
                    }
                }
            }
            if let Some(arr) = value.as_array() {
                for item in arr {
                    if let Some(ref_obj) = item.as_object() {
                        if let Some(reference) = ref_obj.get("reference").and_then(|r| r.as_str()) {
                            if let Some((rt, id)) = parse_reference_string(reference) {
                                refs.push((rt, id));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    refs
}

/// Extracts a reference from a JSON value (object with "reference" field or array).
fn extract_reference_from_value(value: &Value, refs: &mut Vec<(String, String)>) {
    if let Some(obj) = value.as_object() {
        if let Some(reference) = obj.get("reference").and_then(|r| r.as_str()) {
            if let Some((rt, id)) = parse_reference_string(reference) {
                refs.push((rt, id));
            }
        }
    } else if let Some(arr) = value.as_array() {
        for item in arr {
            extract_reference_from_value(item, refs);
        }
    }
}

/// Parses a FHIR reference string "Type/id" into (type, id).
fn parse_reference_string(reference: &str) -> Option<(String, String)> {
    // Handle relative references: "Patient/123"
    if let Some((type_part, id_part)) = reference.rsplit_once('/') {
        // Avoid URL paths - just take the last two segments
        let resource_type = type_part.rsplit('/').next().unwrap_or(type_part);
        if resource_type
            .chars()
            .next()
            .map(|c| c.is_uppercase())
            .unwrap_or(false)
        {
            return Some((resource_type.to_string(), id_part.to_string()));
        }
    }
    None
}