grid-billing 0.19.0

//! Preisobergrenzen für den Messstellenbetrieb — §30 MsbG.
//!
//! What a Messstellenbetreiber may charge for an intelligentes Messsystem is
//! capped, and the cap is split: part falls to the Netzbetreiber, the remainder
//! to the Letztverbraucher. The bands are set by annual consumption **or** by
//! installed generating capacity, whichever puts the metering point in the
//! higher band.
//!
//! ## Every ceiling here is brutto
//!
//! §30 states each figure as a gross amount — „nicht mehr als 80 Euro **brutto**
//! jährlich" (Abs. 1), „jeweils nicht mehr als 50 Euro **brutto** jährlich"
//! (Abs. 2), „**brutto** jährlich nicht mehr als 60 Euro" (Abs. 3). A charge
//! measured against them has to carry its Umsatzsteuer first: comparing a net
//! charge against a gross ceiling grants the whole tax rate as headroom, so a
//! settlement 18.9 % above the statutory maximum passes at 19 %.
//!
//! ## The schedule is dated, and Abs. 4 decides the figure it is read with
//!
//! Abs. 1 and Abs. 3 state their ceilings „für die Zeit ab dem 1. Januar 2025",
//! so a settlement for an earlier period is not measured against them:
//! [`preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr`] takes the period's end and answers
//! [`Preisobergrenze::VorSchedule`] below [`SCHEDULE_AB`]. Abs. 6 lets a BNetzA
//! Festlegung nach § 33 replace Abs. 1 bis 3 from a date it names; none has
//! issued, so there is nothing to model yet.
//!
//! Abs. 4 fixes **which** Jahresstromverbrauch picks the band: the average of
//! the last three erfasste Jahresverbrauchswerte, falling back to the
//! Netzbetreiber's Jahresverbrauchsprognose until three exist, re-checked once a
//! year. That figure is the caller's — one year's reading is not it.
//!
//! ## The band is derived, never asserted
//!
//! §30 Abs. 1 states five Nummern, each a disjunction of criteria over facts the
//! settlement already knows about the metering point. [`PflichtEinstufung`]
//! carries those facts and [`PflichtEinstufung::band`] walks the Nummern, so the
//! ceiling a charge is measured against follows from the metering point rather
//! than from whichever band the caller named. A settlement request cannot pick
//! its own ceiling.
//!
//! ## Why this is checked rather than assumed
//!
//! These are Höchstbeträge in the same sense as the KAV §2 ceilings, and the
//! crate already refuses to let a Konzessionsabgabe exceed its ceiling silently.
//! A metering charge above the POG is the same class of defect — an amount the
//! customer is entitled to have refunded — so the settlement checks the ceiling
//! and not merely that the fee is non-negative.

use rust_decimal::Decimal;
use rust_decimal::dec;

/// Which §30 MsbG case a metering point falls under.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
pub enum MessstellenKategorie {
    /// **§30 Abs. 1** — Pflichteinbaufall, described by the facts that classify it.
    Pflichteinbau(PflichtEinstufung),
    /// **§30 Abs. 3** — optionaler Einbau, at the Anschlussnutzer's request.
    ///
    /// A single ceiling regardless of consumption.
    OptionalerEinbau,
}

/// The facts §30 Abs. 1 classifies a Pflichteinbau metering point by.
///
/// Every field is optional because a metering point need not exhibit every
/// criterion: a Letztverbraucher has a Jahresverbrauch and no installierte
/// Leistung, an Erzeugungsanlage the other way round, and a §14a
/// Vereinbarung is a fact about the Zählpunkt on its own.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
pub struct PflichtEinstufung {
    /// Jahresstromverbrauch in kWh at this Abnahmestelle.
    #[serde(default)]
    pub jahresverbrauch_kwh: Option<Decimal>,
    /// Installierte Leistung in kW of the Anlage at this Zählpunkt.
    #[serde(default)]
    pub installierte_leistung_kw: Option<Decimal>,
    /// A §14a EnWG Vereinbarung exists over a steuerbare Verbrauchseinrichtung
    /// at this Zählpunkt — a Nummer-4 criterion in its own right.
    #[serde(default)]
    pub steuerbare_verbrauchseinrichtung: bool,
}

impl PflichtEinstufung {
    /// The §30 Abs. 1 band these facts put the metering point in.
    ///
    /// The Nummern are walked from the top down, so a metering point that meets
    /// several takes the highest — which is what "**oder**" inside each Nummer
    /// and the descending order of the catalogue together mean.
    ///
    /// With no fact at all the result is [`PflichtBand::Bis10000`], the tightest
    /// ceiling §30 Abs. 1 sets. A Pflichteinbaufall exists at all only above
    /// 6 000 kWh (§29 Abs. 1), so that is the floor of the catalogue rather than
    /// a guess, and an unclassifiable point is measured against the strictest
    /// cap rather than escaping the check.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn band(&self) -> PflichtBand {
        let kwh = self.jahresverbrauch_kwh.unwrap_or(Decimal::ZERO);
        let kw = self.installierte_leistung_kw.unwrap_or(Decimal::ZERO);

        // Nr. 1 — > 100 000 kWh oder > 100 kW.
        if kwh > dec!(100_000) || kw > dec!(100) {
            PflichtBand::Ueber100000
        // Nr. 2 — > 50 000 bis einschließlich 100 000 kWh oder > 25 bis einschließlich 100 kW.
        } else if kwh > dec!(50_000) || kw > dec!(25) {
            PflichtBand::Bis100000
        // Nr. 3 — > 20 000 bis einschließlich 50 000 kWh oder > 15 bis einschließlich 25 kW.
        } else if kwh > dec!(20_000) || kw > dec!(15) {
            PflichtBand::Bis50000
        // Nr. 4 — > 10 000 bis einschließlich 20 000 kWh, eine steuerbare
        // Verbrauchseinrichtung mit §14a-Vereinbarung, oder > 7 bis
        // einschließlich 15 kW.
        } else if kwh > dec!(10_000) || kw > dec!(7) || self.steuerbare_verbrauchseinrichtung {
            PflichtBand::Bis20000
        // Nr. 5 — > 6 000 bis einschließlich 10 000 kWh.
        } else {
            PflichtBand::Bis10000
        }
    }
}

/// The §30 Abs. 1 bands.
///
/// `Ueber100000` has no fixed total: §30 Abs. 1 allows an "angemessenes
/// jährliches Entgelt", so only the Netzbetreiber's share is capped.
///
/// Reached through [`PflichtEinstufung::band`] rather than named directly, so a
/// band is always the consequence of the metering point's facts.
#[derive(
    Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize,
)]
pub enum PflichtBand {
    /// Nr. 5 — > 6 000 – ≤ 10 000 kWh.
    Bis10000,
    /// Nr. 4 — > 10 000 – ≤ 20 000 kWh, a steuerbare Verbrauchseinrichtung, or > 7 – ≤ 15 kW.
    Bis20000,
    /// Nr. 3 — > 20 000 – ≤ 50 000 kWh, or > 15 – ≤ 25 kW.
    Bis50000,
    /// Nr. 2 — > 50 000 – ≤ 100 000 kWh, or > 25 – ≤ 100 kW.
    Bis100000,
    /// Nr. 1 — > 100 000 kWh or > 100 kW.
    Ueber100000,
}

/// Who owes the charge.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
pub enum Entgeltschuldner {
    /// The Netzbetreiber's share.
    Netzbetreiber,
    /// The Letztverbraucher's share.
    Letztverbraucher,
}

/// The first day the §30 schedule below governs.
///
/// Abs. 1 and Abs. 3 both open „für die Zeit ab dem 1. Januar 2025", so the
/// figures are dated and a settlement for an earlier period is not measured
/// against them. The schedule that applied before is not in mako's regulatory
/// corpus; [`Preisobergrenze::VorSchedule`] says so rather than reaching for
/// the nearest number.
pub const SCHEDULE_AB: time::Date = time::macros::date!(2025 - 01 - 01);

/// What §30 MsbG has to say about one party's share.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
pub enum Preisobergrenze {
    /// A fixed ceiling in EUR **brutto** per year.
    ///
    /// Gross, as §30 states it: a net charge is grossed up at the Umsatzsteuer
    /// rate of its delivery period before the comparison.
    Betrag(Decimal),
    /// §30 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 — „ein angemessenes jährliches Entgelt". There is no
    /// figure to compare against for the Anschlussnutzer's share above
    /// 100 000 kWh; the Netzbetreiber's share is still capped.
    Angemessen,
    /// The delivery period ends before [`SCHEDULE_AB`], so this schedule does
    /// not govern it and mako holds no earlier one.
    VorSchedule,
}

impl Preisobergrenze {
    /// The ceiling as a number, where there is one to compare against.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn betrag(self) -> Option<Decimal> {
        match self {
            Self::Betrag(eur) => Some(eur),
            Self::Angemessen | Self::VorSchedule => None,
        }
    }
}

/// The §30 MsbG ceiling for one party over a delivery period ending `period_to`.
///
/// The date decides whether the schedule applies at all: a correction settled
/// today for a 2024 period is governed by the rules of 2024, not by these.
///
/// **§30 Abs. 6 is not modelled**, because nothing to model has issued: from the
/// date a BNetzA Festlegung nach §33 names, its Preisobergrenzen replace Abs. 1
/// bis 3. Wire the override when one publishes.
#[must_use]
pub fn preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(
    kategorie: MessstellenKategorie,
    schuldner: Entgeltschuldner,
    period_to: time::Date,
) -> Preisobergrenze {
    use Entgeltschuldner as E;
    use MessstellenKategorie as K;
    use PflichtBand as B;
    use Preisobergrenze as P;

    if period_to < SCHEDULE_AB {
        return P::VorSchedule;
    }

    match (kategorie, schuldner) {
        // §30 Abs. 1: the Netzbetreiber's share is 80 EUR in every band.
        (K::Pflichteinbau(_), E::Netzbetreiber) => P::Betrag(dec!(80)),
        (K::Pflichteinbau(einstufung), E::Letztverbraucher) => match einstufung.band() {
            B::Bis10000 => P::Betrag(dec!(40)),
            B::Bis20000 => P::Betrag(dec!(50)),
            B::Bis50000 => P::Betrag(dec!(110)),
            B::Bis100000 => P::Betrag(dec!(140)),
            B::Ueber100000 => P::Angemessen,
        },
        // §30 Abs. 3: 60 EUR in total, 30 EUR each.
        (K::OptionalerEinbau, _) => P::Betrag(dec!(30)),
    }
}

/// The combined §30 Abs. 1 ceiling across both parties, where one is fixed.
#[must_use]
pub fn gesamtobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(
    kategorie: MessstellenKategorie,
    period_to: time::Date,
) -> Option<Decimal> {
    let nb = preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(kategorie, Entgeltschuldner::Netzbetreiber, period_to)
        .betrag()?;
    let lv = preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(kategorie, Entgeltschuldner::Letztverbraucher, period_to)
        .betrag()?;
    Some(nb + lv)
}

/// **§30 Abs. 2** — the additional yearly ceiling per party, brutto, for
/// installing and operating a Steuereinrichtung at the Netzanschlusspunkt.
pub const STEUEREINRICHTUNG_OBERGRENZE_EUR_PER_JAHR: Decimal = dec!(50);

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use Entgeltschuldner as E;
    use MessstellenKategorie as K;
    use PflichtBand as B;

    /// A delivery period inside the schedule's own window.
    const IM_SCHEDULE: time::Date = time::macros::date!(2026 - 12 - 31);

    /// A Pflichteinbau point known only by its Jahresverbrauch.
    fn verbrauch(kwh: Decimal) -> MessstellenKategorie {
        K::Pflichteinbau(PflichtEinstufung {
            jahresverbrauch_kwh: Some(kwh),
            ..PflichtEinstufung::default()
        })
    }

    /// A Pflichteinbau point known only by its installierte Leistung.
    fn leistung(kw: Decimal) -> PflichtEinstufung {
        PflichtEinstufung {
            installierte_leistung_kw: Some(kw),
            ..PflichtEinstufung::default()
        }
    }

    /// The §30 Abs. 1 schedule, as published — every figure brutto.
    #[test]
    fn the_pflichteinbau_schedule() {
        for (kwh, lv, total) in [
            (dec!(9_000), dec!(40), dec!(120)),
            (dec!(15_000), dec!(50), dec!(130)),
            (dec!(30_000), dec!(110), dec!(190)),
            (dec!(80_000), dec!(140), dec!(220)),
        ] {
            let k = verbrauch(kwh);
            assert_eq!(
                preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(k, E::Netzbetreiber, IM_SCHEDULE),
                Preisobergrenze::Betrag(dec!(80))
            );
            assert_eq!(
                preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(k, E::Letztverbraucher, IM_SCHEDULE),
                Preisobergrenze::Betrag(lv)
            );
            assert_eq!(gesamtobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(k, IM_SCHEDULE), Some(total));
        }
    }

    /// Each Nummer's Jahresverbrauch bound, at the boundary. Every bound reads
    /// „über X bis einschließlich Y", so X belongs to the band below and Y to
    /// this one.
    #[test]
    fn the_consumption_bounds_are_exclusive_below_and_inclusive_above() {
        for (kwh, band) in [
            (dec!(6_001), B::Bis10000),
            (dec!(10_000), B::Bis10000),
            (dec!(10_001), B::Bis20000),
            (dec!(20_000), B::Bis20000),
            (dec!(20_001), B::Bis50000),
            (dec!(50_000), B::Bis50000),
            (dec!(50_001), B::Bis100000),
            (dec!(100_000), B::Bis100000),
            (dec!(100_001), B::Ueber100000),
        ] {
            let einstufung = PflichtEinstufung {
                jahresverbrauch_kwh: Some(kwh),
                ..PflichtEinstufung::default()
            };
            assert_eq!(einstufung.band(), band, "{kwh} kWh");
        }
    }

    /// The installierte-Leistung criteria run on their own scale — 7/15/25/100 kW.
    #[test]
    fn the_capacity_bounds_classify_a_generating_point() {
        for (kw, band) in [
            (dec!(7), B::Bis10000),
            (dec!(7.5), B::Bis20000),
            (dec!(15), B::Bis20000),
            (dec!(15.1), B::Bis50000),
            (dec!(25), B::Bis50000),
            (dec!(25.1), B::Bis100000),
            (dec!(100), B::Bis100000),
            (dec!(100.1), B::Ueber100000),
        ] {
            assert_eq!(leistung(kw).band(), band, "{kw} kW");
        }
    }

    /// Nr. 4 lists the §14a Zählpunkt beside the 10 000–20 000 kWh band, so a
    /// steuerbare Verbrauchseinrichtung reaches that band on consumption alone
    /// that would otherwise sit in Nr. 5.
    #[test]
    fn a_sect14a_zaehlpunkt_reaches_the_nummer_four_band() {
        let einstufung = PflichtEinstufung {
            jahresverbrauch_kwh: Some(dec!(7_000)),
            steuerbare_verbrauchseinrichtung: true,
            ..PflichtEinstufung::default()
        };
        assert_eq!(einstufung.band(), B::Bis20000);
        assert_eq!(
            preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(
                K::Pflichteinbau(einstufung),
                E::Letztverbraucher,
                IM_SCHEDULE
            ),
            Preisobergrenze::Betrag(dec!(50))
        );
    }

    /// Each Nummer is a disjunction: the criterion that classifies highest wins.
    #[test]
    fn the_highest_matching_nummer_wins() {
        let einstufung = PflichtEinstufung {
            jahresverbrauch_kwh: Some(dec!(7_000)),
            installierte_leistung_kw: Some(dec!(60)),
            steuerbare_verbrauchseinrichtung: true,
        };
        assert_eq!(
            einstufung.band(),
            B::Bis100000,
            "60 kW is Nr. 2 — the consumption and the §14a fact classify lower"
        );
    }

    /// With no fact at all the tightest ceiling applies, so an unclassifiable
    /// point is still measured rather than let through.
    #[test]
    fn an_unclassifiable_point_takes_the_tightest_ceiling() {
        let k = K::Pflichteinbau(PflichtEinstufung::default());
        assert_eq!(
            preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(k, E::Letztverbraucher, IM_SCHEDULE),
            Preisobergrenze::Betrag(dec!(40))
        );
    }

    /// Above 100 000 kWh the Letztverbraucher's share is an angemessenes
    /// Entgelt, but the Netzbetreiber's share is capped like every other band.
    #[test]
    fn the_top_band_caps_only_the_grid_operators_share() {
        let k = verbrauch(dec!(250_000));
        assert_eq!(
            preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(k, E::Netzbetreiber, IM_SCHEDULE),
            Preisobergrenze::Betrag(dec!(80))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(k, E::Letztverbraucher, IM_SCHEDULE),
            Preisobergrenze::Angemessen
        );
        assert_eq!(
            gesamtobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(k, IM_SCHEDULE),
            None,
            "no total where one share is open"
        );
    }

    /// §30 Abs. 3 is one ceiling regardless of consumption.
    #[test]
    fn an_optional_installation_is_capped_at_thirty_each() {
        for schuldner in [E::Netzbetreiber, E::Letztverbraucher] {
            assert_eq!(
                preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(K::OptionalerEinbau, schuldner, IM_SCHEDULE),
                Preisobergrenze::Betrag(dec!(30))
            );
        }
        assert_eq!(
            gesamtobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(K::OptionalerEinbau, IM_SCHEDULE),
            Some(dec!(60))
        );
    }

    /// **Invariant: the schedule is dated.**
    ///
    /// Abs. 1 and Abs. 3 both read „für die Zeit ab dem 1. Januar 2025". A
    /// correction settled today for a 2024 period is governed by the rules of
    /// 2024, and mako holds none — so it answers `VorSchedule` rather than
    /// measuring the charge against a schedule that did not apply to it.
    #[test]
    fn a_period_before_the_schedule_is_not_measured_against_it() {
        let vorher = time::macros::date!(2024 - 12 - 31);
        let k = verbrauch(dec!(9_000));
        for schuldner in [E::Netzbetreiber, E::Letztverbraucher] {
            assert_eq!(
                preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(k, schuldner, vorher),
                Preisobergrenze::VorSchedule
            );
        }
        assert_eq!(gesamtobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(k, vorher), None);

        // The first day it governs.
        assert_eq!(
            preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(k, E::Letztverbraucher, SCHEDULE_AB),
            Preisobergrenze::Betrag(dec!(40))
        );
    }

    /// `betrag()` distinguishes "no ceiling in law" from "a ceiling of zero".
    #[test]
    fn only_a_fixed_ceiling_yields_a_number() {
        assert_eq!(Preisobergrenze::Betrag(dec!(80)).betrag(), Some(dec!(80)));
        assert_eq!(Preisobergrenze::Angemessen.betrag(), None);
        assert_eq!(Preisobergrenze::VorSchedule.betrag(), None);
    }

    /// The bands rise monotonically — a higher band never caps lower.
    #[test]
    fn the_bands_rise_monotonically() {
        let mut previous = Decimal::ZERO;
        for kwh in [dec!(9_000), dec!(15_000), dec!(30_000), dec!(80_000)] {
            let ceiling =
                preisobergrenze_eur_per_jahr(verbrauch(kwh), E::Letztverbraucher, IM_SCHEDULE)
                    .betrag()
                    .expect("a fixed ceiling");
            assert!(
                ceiling > previous,
                "{kwh} kWh must exceed the band below it"
            );
            previous = ceiling;
        }
    }
}