Gostd is the golang standard library implementation in rust-lang.
Gostd是rust-lang中的golang标准库实现。
rust 语法比go复杂,但是go代码简单好理解,想通过这个项目把go的标准库通过rust实现。以后有什么go的项目可以通过它方便翻译代码到rust,比如把 import "bytes" 改成 use gostd::bytes 就可以实现转换。
本项目纯粹个人兴趣,大概率会失败,但是梦想还是要有的万一它实现了。
go to rust,to be rust or to be failed.
已知难点
go底层特性可能无法用rust实现,比如跟运行时相关的反射reflect,如果有依赖此库需要通过rust中的方式处理。
基础数据类型的转换,比如string是否采用自定义类型比如GoString来实现还是用string,float64(go) -> f64(rust)等等。
还有指针类型,幸好go的指针操作相比rust要少。
go中的接口如何用rust的trait的实现?个人感觉还相对比较容易
go中的不定参数在rust中只能用宏实现,这个比较麻烦,个人目前还不知道宏能不能像方法一样绑定到sturct上。
需要用rust实现的go标准库列表,go.1.17.1代码做参考。
go 这个包不会实现,因为我们转换成rust基本用不上这个包。
├── archive
├── bufio
├── builtin
├── bytes
├── cmd
├── compress
├── container
├── context
├── crypto
├── database
├── debug
├── embed
├── encoding
├── errors
├── expvar
├── flag
├── fmt
├── go
├── hash
├── html
├── image
├── index
├── internal
├── io
├── log
├── math
├── mime
├── net
├── os
├── path
├── plugin
├── reflect
├── regexp
├── runtime
├── sort
├── strconv
├── strings
├── sync
├── syscall
├── testdata
├── testing
├── text
├── time
├── unicode
├── unsafe
└── vendor
对应预期实现后的gostd的Model列表
use gostd::archive
use gostd::bufio
use gostd::builtin
use gostd::bytes
use gostd::cmd
use gostd::compress
use gostd::container
use gostd::context
use gostd::crypto
use gostd::database
use gostd::debug
use gostd::embed
use gostd::encoding
use gostd::errors
use gostd::expvar
use gostd::flag
use gostd::fmt
use gostd::go
use gostd::hash
use gostd::html
use gostd::image
use gostd::index
use gostd::internal
use gostd::io
use gostd::log
use gostd::math
use gostd::mime
use gostd::net
use gostd::os
use gostd::path
use gostd::plugin
use gostd::reflect
use gostd::regexp
use gostd::runtime
use gostd::sort
use gostd::strconv
use gostd::strings
use gostd::sync
use gostd::syscall
use gostd::testdata
use gostd::testing
use gostd::text
use gostd::time
use gostd::unicode
use gostd::unsafe
use gostd::vendor
大致方向
分析go标准库的依赖情况,从最底层的库开始实现。
go源码中的单元测试也会一并用rust实现,这样可以保证代码的健壮性。
todo
Go基础类型在rust实现,在gostd::builtin 中,比如 int64 = i64, int32 = i32
强制转换宏,例如 2 as i64 等价 int64!(2) 跟Go的int64(2)就多个!
time库在rust实现 gostd::time
time库支持macOSX 和linux平台,通过libc库调用C函数实现 time::Now()
time,支持各种格式显示时间。
docs.rs文档增加例子程序"RUN"按钮,但是要复制代码本地运行,在rust play运行不了(因为下载量没到前100)。
time支持local时区信息自动从系统读取,可以用time::Now()获取本地时间。
strings模块,字符串处理函数已完成。除了Reader相关方法还没全实现。(version >=0.2.3)
strings模块, 完成剩余的方法实现。(version >=0.2.4)
io模块,完成部分接口例如Reader,Writer等。(version >=0.2.4)
http模块的client客户端功能,支持http和https。(version >=0.2.6)
完成bytes模块。(version >=0.2.8)
完成mime::multipart模块。(version >=0.3.1)
修复windos10平台编译失败的bug。(version>=0.3.18)
对net/http模块,自定义错误处理上的优化,引入bytes提高性能,api会有参数类型的变化(version>=0.4.1)
对net/http模块,增加异步编程的支持,独立一个模块async_http支持异步编程,原来模块保持不变。(version>=0.4.3)
net::http,net::url,io,strings,unicode,bytes 独立发布包。
独立发布包
独立发布gostd_time,代码等价于 use gostd::time 。
独立发布gostd_builtin, 代码等价于 use gostd::builtin 。
独立发布gostd_unicode, 代码等价于 use gostd::unicode 。
独立发布gostd_http, 代码等价于 use gostd::net::http 。
独立发布gostd_strings, 代码等价于 use gostd::strings 。
独立发布gostd_bytes, 代码等价于 use gostd::bytes 。
独立发布gostd_url, 代码等价于 use gostd::net::url 。
独立发布gostd_io, 代码等价于 use gostd::io 。
使用例子
multipart模块
form-data Body
use gostd:: bytes;
use gostd:: mime:: multipart:: Writer;
use gostd:: net:: http:: { Client, Method, Request} ;
fn main ( ) -> Result < ( ) , std:: io:: Error> {
let mut body = bytes:: Buffer:: new( ) ;
let mut w = Writer:: new( & mut body) ;
w. WriteField( " requestId" , " 12121231231" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " testTime" , " 2022-01-22 18:00:00" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " checkTime" , " 2022-01-22 22:00:00" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " auditTime" , " 2022-01-22 23:00:00" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " tubeCode" , " QCGD99SDF" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " testRatio" , " 1" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " name" , " 刘xxx" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " sex" , " 1" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " birthdate" , " 20003-07-02" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " address" , " 北京市丰台区" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " phoneNumber" , " 1881xxxx" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " cardType" , " 身份证" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " cardNumber" , " xxxx" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " testResult" , " 0" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " testUserName" , " xxx" ) ? ;
w. WriteField( " checkUserName" , " xxx" ) ? ;
w. Close( ) ? ;
let contentType = w. FormDataContentType( ) ;
let url = " http://www.baidu.com" ;
let mut req = Request:: New( Method:: Post, url, Some ( body. Bytes( ) ) ) ? ;
req. Header. Set( " Content-Type" , contentType. as_str ( ) ) ;
let mut client = Client:: New( ) ;
let response = client. Do( & mut req) ? ;
println! (
" {} " ,
String :: from_utf8( response. Body. expect ( " return body error" ) ) . unwrap ( )
) ;
Ok ( ( ) )
}
http模块
Async 异步http
默认不启用异步方式
features =["async-std-rt"] // 使用async_std 异步运行时
或者 features =["tokio-rt"] // 使用 tokio 异步运行时
使用async_std
Cargo.toml配置:
async-std = {version = "1.13" ,features = ["attributes"]}
gostd = { version = "0.4" ,features =["async-std-rt"]}
POST
use gostd:: net:: http:: async_http
# [ async_std ::main ]
async fn main ( ) -> anyhow:: Result < ( ) > {
let url = " https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet" ;
let postbody = r #" {"id":0,"category":{"id":0,"name":"string"},"name":"doggie","photoUrls":["string"],"tags":[{"id":0,"name":"string"}],"status":"available"}"#
. as_bytes ( )
. to_vec ( ) ;
let response = async_http:: Post( url, " application/json" , Some ( postbody. into ( ) ) ) . await? ;
println! (
" {} " ,
String :: from_utf8( response. Body. expect ( " return body error" ) . to_vec ( ) ) . unwrap ( )
) ;
Ok ( ( ) )
}
或者
use gostd:: net:: http:: { async_http:: AsyncClient, Method, Request} ;
# [ async_std ::main ]
async fn main ( ) -> anyhow:: Result < ( ) > {
let url = " https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet" ;
let postbody = r #" {
"id": 0,
"category": {
"id": 0,
"name": "string"
},
"name": "doggie",
"photoUrls": [
"string"
],
"tags": [
{
"id": 0,
"name": "string"
}
],
"status": "available"
}"#
. as_bytes ( )
. to_vec ( ) ;
let mut req = Request:: New( Method:: Post, url, Some ( postbody. into ( ) ) ) ? ;
req. Header. Set( " accept" , " application/json" ) ;
req. Header. Set( " Content-Type" , " application/json" ) ;
let mut client = AsyncClient:: New( ) ;
let response = client. Do( & mut req) . await? ;
println! (
" {} " ,
String :: from_utf8( response. Body. expect ( " return body error" ) . to_vec ( ) ) . unwrap ( )
) ;
Ok ( ( ) )
}
GET
use gostd:: net:: http:: async_http;
# [ async_std ::main ]
async fn main ( ) -> anyhow:: Result < ( ) > {
let url = " https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet/findByStatus?status=available" ;
let response = async_http:: Get( url) . await? ;
println! (
" {} " ,
String :: from_utf8( response. Body. expect ( " return body error" ) . to_vec ( ) ) . unwrap ( )
) ;
Ok ( ( ) )
}
或者
use gostd:: net:: http:: { async_http:: AsyncClient, Method, Request} ;
# [ async_std ::main ]
async fn main ( ) -> anyhow:: Result < ( ) > {
let url = " https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet/findByStatus?status=available" ;
let mut req = Request:: New( Method:: Get, url, None ) ? ;
req. Header. Set( " Content-Type" , " application/json" ) ;
let mut client = AsyncClient:: New( ) ;
let response = client. Do( & mut req) . await? ;
println! (
" {} " ,
String :: from_utf8( response. Body. expect ( " return body error" ) . to_vec ( ) ) . unwrap ( )
) ;
Ok ( ( ) )
}
使用tokio
Cargo.toml配置:
tokio = { version = "1.44", features = ["full"] }
gostd = { version = "0.4" ,features =["tokio-rt""]}
POST
use gostd:: net:: http:: async_http
# [ tokio ::main ]
async fn main ( ) -> anyhow:: Result < ( ) > {
let url = " https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet" ;
let postbody = r #" {"id":0,"category":{"id":0,"name":"string"},"name":"doggie","photoUrls":["string"],"tags":[{"id":0,"name":"string"}],"status":"available"}"#
. as_bytes ( )
. to_vec ( ) ;
let response = async_http:: Post( url, " application/json" , Some ( postbody. into ( ) ) ) . await? ;
println! (
" {} " ,
String :: from_utf8( response. Body. expect ( " return body error" ) . to_vec ( ) ) . unwrap ( )
) ;
Ok ( ( ) )
}
或者
use gostd:: net:: http:: { async_http:: AsyncClient, Method, Request} ;
# [ tokio ::main ]
async fn main ( ) -> anyhow:: Result < ( ) > {
let url = " https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet" ;
let postbody = r #" {
"id": 0,
"category": {
"id": 0,
"name": "string"
},
"name": "doggie",
"photoUrls": [
"string"
],
"tags": [
{
"id": 0,
"name": "string"
}
],
"status": "available"
}"#
. as_bytes ( )
. to_vec ( ) ;
let mut req = Request:: New( Method:: Post, url, Some ( postbody. into ( ) ) ) ? ;
req. Header. Set( " accept" , " application/json" ) ;
req. Header. Set( " Content-Type" , " application/json" ) ;
let mut client = AsyncClient:: New( ) ;
let response = client. Do( & mut req) . await? ;
println! (
" {} " ,
String :: from_utf8( response. Body. expect ( " return body error" ) . to_vec ( ) ) . unwrap ( )
) ;
Ok ( ( ) )
}
GET
use gostd:: net:: http:: async_http;
# [ tokio ::main ]
async fn main ( ) -> anyhow:: Result < ( ) > {
let url = " https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet/findByStatus?status=available" ;
let response = async_http:: Get( url) . await? ;
println! (
" {} " ,
String :: from_utf8( response. Body. expect ( " return body error" ) . to_vec ( ) ) . unwrap ( )
) ;
Ok ( ( ) )
}
或者
use gostd:: net:: http:: { async_http:: AsyncClient, Method, Request} ;
# [ tokio ::main ]
async fn main ( ) -> anyhow:: Result < ( ) > {
let url = " https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet/findByStatus?status=available" ;
let mut req = Request:: New( Method:: Get, url, None ) ? ;
req. Header. Set( " Content-Type" , " application/json" ) ;
let mut client = AsyncClient:: New( ) ;
let response = client. Do( & mut req) . await? ;
println! (
" {} " ,
String :: from_utf8( response. Body. expect ( " return body error" ) . to_vec ( ) ) . unwrap ( )
) ;
Ok ( ( ) )
}
Sync 同步http
client客户端
POST
use gostd:: net:: http;
fn main ( ) -> anyhow:: Result < ( ) > {
let url = " https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet" ;
let postbody = r #" {"id":0,"category":{"id":0,"name":"string"},"name":"doggie","photoUrls":["string"],"tags":[{"id":0,"name":"string"}],"status":"available"}"#
. as_bytes ( )
. to_vec ( ) ;
let response = http:: Post( url, " application/json" , Some ( postbody) ) ? ;
println! (
" {} " ,
String :: from_utf8( response. Body. expect ( " return body error" ) ) . unwrap ( )
) ;
Ok ( ( ) )
}
或者
use gostd:: net:: http:: { Client, Method, Request} ;
fn main ( ) -> anyhow:: Result < ( ) > {
let url = " https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet" ;
let postbody = r #" {
"id": 0,
"category": {
"id": 0,
"name": "string"
},
"name": "doggie",
"photoUrls": [
"string"
],
"tags": [
{
"id": 0,
"name": "string"
}
],
"status": "available"
}"#
. as_bytes ( )
. to_vec ( ) ;
let mut req = Request:: New( Method:: Post, url, Some ( postbody) ) ? ;
req. Header. Set( " accept" , " application/json" ) ;
req. Header. Set( " Content-Type" , " application/json" ) ;
let mut client = Client:: New( ) ;
let response = client. Do( & mut req) ? ;
println! (
" {} " ,
String :: from_utf8( response. Body. expect ( " return body error" ) ) . unwrap ( )
) ;
Ok ( ( ) )
}
GET
use gostd:: net:: http;
fn main ( ) -> anyhow:: Result < ( ) > {
let url = " https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet/findByStatus?status=available" ;
let response = http:: Get( url) ? ;
println! (
" {} " ,
String :: from_utf8( response. Body. expect ( " return body error" ) ) . unwrap ( )
) ;
Ok ( ( ) )
}
或者
use gostd:: net:: http:: { Client, Method, Request} ;
fn main ( ) -> anyhow:: Result < ( ) > {
let url = " https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/pet/findByStatus?status=available" ;
let mut req = Request:: New( Method:: Get, url, None ) ? ;
req. Header. Set( " Content-Type" , " application/json" ) ;
let mut client = Client:: New( ) ;
let response = client. Do( & mut req) ? ;
println! (
" {} " ,
String :: from_utf8( response. Body. expect ( " return body error" ) ) . unwrap ( )
) ;
Ok ( ( ) )
}
strings模块
字符串替换 strings::ReplaceAll()
use gostd:: strings;
fn main ( ) {
assert_eq! (
" moo moo moo" ,
strings:: ReplaceAll( " oink oink oink" , " oink" , " moo" )
) ;
}
字符串分割 strings::Split()
use gostd:: strings;
fn main ( ) {
assert_eq! ( vec! [ " a" , " b" , " c" ] , strings:: Split( " a,b,c" , " ," ) ) ;
assert_eq! (
vec! [ " " , " man " , " plan " , " canal panama" ] ,
strings:: Split( " a man a plan a canal panama" , " a " )
) ;
assert_eq! (
vec! [ " " , " " , " x" , " y" , " z" , " " , " " ] ,
strings:: Split( " xyz " , " " )
) ;
assert_eq! ( vec! [ " " ] , strings:: Split( " " , " Bernardo O'Higgins" ) ) ;
}
字符串位置查找 strings::Index
use gostd:: strings;
fn main ( ) {
assert_eq! ( 4 , strings:: Index( " chicken" , " ken" ) ) ;
assert_eq! ( - 1 , strings:: Index( " chicken" , " dmr" ) ) ;
}
将多个字符串连接成一个新字符串 strings::Join
use gostd:: strings;
fn main ( ) {
let s = vec! [ " foo" , " bar" , " baz" ] ;
assert_eq! ( " foo, bar, baz" , strings:: Join( s, " , " ) ) ;
}
字符串转换成大写 strings::ToUpper
use gostd:: strings;
fn main ( ) {
assert_eq! ( " GOPHER" , strings:: ToUpper( " Gopher" ) ) ;
}
字符串转换成小写 strings::ToLower
use gostd:: strings;
fn main ( ) {
assert_eq! ( " gopher" , strings:: ToLower( " Gopher" ) ) ;
}