google-cloud-bigquery 0.19.0

// Copyright 2026 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

//! Custom data types for BigQuery.
//!
//! This module provides Rust representations of BigQuery data types such as
//! [`Interval`] and [`Range`].

use crate::error::ConvertError;
use crate::query::FromSql;
use crate::query::from_sql::SqlValueInner;

/// Represents a BigQuery time [INTERVAL] value.
///
/// [INTERVAL]: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-types#interval_type
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # async fn sample() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
/// use google_cloud_bigquery::client::BigQuery;
/// use google_cloud_bigquery::datatypes::Interval;
///
/// let client = BigQuery::builder()
///     .with_project_id("my-project-id")
///     .build()
///     .await?;
/// let mut rows = client
///     .query("SELECT INTERVAL '1-2 15 5:30:00' YEAR TO SECOND AS duration")
///     .until_done()
///     .await?
///     .read();
///
/// if let Some(row) = rows.next().await.transpose()? {
///     let interval: Interval = row.get("duration")?;
///     println!("{} years, {} months, {} days", interval.years, interval.months, interval.days);
/// }
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub struct Interval {
    /// Years component.
    pub years: i32,
    /// Months component.
    pub months: i32,
    /// Days component.
    pub days: i32,
    /// Hours component.
    pub hours: i32,
    /// Minutes component.
    pub minutes: i32,
    /// Seconds component.
    pub seconds: i32,
    /// Nanoseconds component.
    pub nanos: i32,
}

impl Interval {
    /// Creates a new zero-duration interval (`0-0 0 0:00:00`), with all components set to `0`.
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self::default()
    }

    /// Sets the value of [years][Self::years].
    pub fn set_years(mut self, v: i32) -> Self {
        self.years = v;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the value of [months][Self::months].
    pub fn set_months(mut self, v: i32) -> Self {
        self.months = v;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the value of [days][Self::days].
    pub fn set_days(mut self, v: i32) -> Self {
        self.days = v;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the value of [hours][Self::hours].
    pub fn set_hours(mut self, v: i32) -> Self {
        self.hours = v;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the value of [minutes][Self::minutes].
    pub fn set_minutes(mut self, v: i32) -> Self {
        self.minutes = v;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the value of [seconds][Self::seconds].
    pub fn set_seconds(mut self, v: i32) -> Self {
        self.seconds = v;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the value of [nanos][Self::nanos].
    pub fn set_nanos(mut self, v: i32) -> Self {
        self.nanos = v;
        self
    }
}

impl FromSql for Interval {
    fn from_value(value: crate::query::SqlValue) -> Result<Self, ConvertError> {
        match value.inner {
            SqlValueInner::String(s) => {
                let mut parts = s.split_whitespace();
                let ym_str = parts.next();
                let days_str = parts.next();
                let time_str = parts.next();
                let extra = parts.next();

                let (ym_str, days_str, time_str) = match (ym_str, days_str, time_str, extra) {
                    (Some(ym), Some(d), Some(t), None) => (ym, d, t),
                    _ => {
                        return Err(ConvertError::Convert(
                            format!("invalid interval format: expected 3 parts, got `{s}`").into(),
                        ));
                    }
                };

                // Parse Y-M
                let ym_neg = ym_str.starts_with('-');
                let ym_content = if ym_neg { &ym_str[1..] } else { ym_str };
                let mut ym_parts = ym_content.split('-');
                let y_str = ym_parts.next();
                let m_str = ym_parts.next();
                let ym_extra = ym_parts.next();

                let (y_str, m_str) = match (y_str, m_str, ym_extra) {
                    (Some(y), Some(m), None) => (y, m),
                    _ => {
                        return Err(ConvertError::Convert(
                            "invalid interval year-month format".into(),
                        ));
                    }
                };
                let ym_sign = if ym_neg { -1 } else { 1 };
                let years = y_str
                    .parse::<i32>()
                    .map_err(|e| ConvertError::Convert(Box::new(e)))?
                    * ym_sign;
                let months = m_str
                    .parse::<i32>()
                    .map_err(|e| ConvertError::Convert(Box::new(e)))?
                    * ym_sign;

                // Parse Days
                let days = days_str
                    .parse::<i32>()
                    .map_err(|e| ConvertError::Convert(Box::new(e)))?;

                // Parse H:M:S.F. Hours are unbounded: BigQuery never spills
                // hours into days, so a timestamp difference of a month is
                // `0-0 0 744:0:0`.
                let time_neg = time_str.starts_with('-');
                let time_content = if time_neg { &time_str[1..] } else { time_str };
                let (hms, frac) = time_content.split_once('.').unwrap_or((time_content, "0"));
                let mut hms_parts = hms.split(':');
                let (h_str, m_str, s_str) = match (
                    hms_parts.next(),
                    hms_parts.next(),
                    hms_parts.next(),
                    hms_parts.next(),
                ) {
                    (Some(h), Some(m), Some(s), None) => (h, m, s),
                    _ => {
                        return Err(ConvertError::Convert("invalid interval time format".into()));
                    }
                };
                let time_sign = if time_neg { -1 } else { 1 };
                let hours = h_str
                    .parse::<i32>()
                    .map_err(|e| ConvertError::Convert(Box::new(e)))?
                    * time_sign;
                let minutes = m_str
                    .parse::<i32>()
                    .map_err(|e| ConvertError::Convert(Box::new(e)))?
                    * time_sign;
                let seconds = s_str
                    .parse::<i32>()
                    .map_err(|e| ConvertError::Convert(Box::new(e)))?
                    * time_sign;
                // The fraction has any number of digits; nanoseconds need exactly nine.
                let nanos = format!("{frac:0<9.9}")
                    .parse::<i32>()
                    .map_err(|e| ConvertError::Convert(Box::new(e)))?
                    * time_sign;

                Ok(Interval {
                    years,
                    months,
                    days,
                    hours,
                    minutes,
                    seconds,
                    nanos,
                })
            }
            SqlValueInner::Null => Err(ConvertError::NotNull),
            #[cfg(any(
                google_cloud_unstable_bigquery_arrow,
                google_cloud_unstable_bigquery_storage_read
            ))]
            SqlValueInner::Arrow(cell) => {
                let v = cell.as_interval()?;
                let ym_sign = if v.months < 0 { -1 } else { 1 };
                let total_months = v.months.unsigned_abs();
                let years = (total_months / 12) as i32 * ym_sign;
                let months = (total_months % 12) as i32 * ym_sign;

                let time_sign = if v.nanoseconds < 0 { -1 } else { 1 };
                let total_nanos = v.nanoseconds.unsigned_abs();
                let nanos = (total_nanos % 1_000_000_000) as i32 * time_sign;
                let total_secs = total_nanos / 1_000_000_000;
                let seconds = (total_secs % 60) as i32 * time_sign;
                let total_mins = total_secs / 60;
                let minutes = (total_mins % 60) as i32 * time_sign;
                let hours = (total_mins / 60) as i32 * time_sign;

                Ok(Interval {
                    years,
                    months,
                    days: v.days,
                    hours,
                    minutes,
                    seconds,
                    nanos,
                })
            }
            other => Err(ConvertError::type_mismatch("string", &other)),
        }
    }
}

mod sealed {
    /// A sealed trait to prevent external implementation of `RangeElement`.
    pub trait RangeElement {}

    impl RangeElement for google_cloud_type::model::Date {}
    impl RangeElement for google_cloud_type::model::DateTime {}
    impl RangeElement for wkt::Timestamp {}
}

/// A marker trait for types that can be elements of a BigQuery [`Range`].
///
/// BigQuery `RANGE<T>` values support [`Date`](google_cloud_type::model::Date),
/// [`DateTime`](google_cloud_type::model::DateTime), and [`Timestamp`](wkt::Timestamp)
/// element types.
///
/// This trait is sealed and cannot be implemented for types outside of this crate.
pub trait RangeElement: FromSql + sealed::RangeElement {}

impl RangeElement for google_cloud_type::model::Date {}
impl RangeElement for google_cloud_type::model::DateTime {}
impl RangeElement for wkt::Timestamp {}

/// Represents a BigQuery [RANGE] value.
///
/// [RANGE]: https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-types#range_type
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// # async fn sample() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
/// use google_cloud_bigquery::client::BigQuery;
/// use google_cloud_bigquery::datatypes::Range;
/// use google_cloud_type::model::Date;
///
/// let client = BigQuery::builder()
///     .with_project_id("my-project-id")
///     .build()
///     .await?;
/// let mut rows = client
///     .query("SELECT RANGE(DATE '2024-01-01', DATE '2024-12-31') AS date_range")
///     .until_done()
///     .await?
///     .read();
///
/// if let Some(row) = rows.next().await.transpose()? {
///     let date_range: Range<Date> = row.get("date_range")?;
///     println!("Start: {:?}, End: {:?}", date_range.start, date_range.end);
/// }
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub struct Range<T: RangeElement> {
    /// The inclusive start of the range (or None if unbounded).
    pub start: Option<T>,
    /// The exclusive end of the range (or None if unbounded).
    pub end: Option<T>,
}

impl<T: RangeElement> Default for Range<T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

impl<T: RangeElement> Range<T> {
    /// Creates a new unbounded range (`[UNBOUNDED, UNBOUNDED)`).
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            start: None,
            end: None,
        }
    }

    /// Sets the value of [start][Self::start].
    pub fn set_start<V: Into<T>>(mut self, v: V) -> Self {
        self.start = Some(v.into());
        self
    }

    /// Sets or clears the value of [start][Self::start].
    pub fn set_or_clear_start(mut self, v: Option<T>) -> Self {
        self.start = v;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the value of [end][Self::end].
    pub fn set_end<V: Into<T>>(mut self, v: V) -> Self {
        self.end = Some(v.into());
        self
    }

    /// Sets or clears the value of [end][Self::end].
    pub fn set_or_clear_end(mut self, v: Option<T>) -> Self {
        self.end = v;
        self
    }
}

impl<T: RangeElement> FromSql for Range<T> {
    fn from_value(value: crate::query::SqlValue) -> Result<Self, ConvertError> {
        match value.inner {
            SqlValueInner::String(s) => {
                let trimmed = s.trim();
                // Strip leading [ and trailing )
                let content = trimmed
                    .strip_prefix('[')
                    .and_then(|c| c.strip_suffix(')'))
                    .ok_or_else(|| {
                        ConvertError::Convert(
                            "invalid range format: missing enclosing brackets".into(),
                        )
                    })?;

                // Split on the comma
                let parts: Vec<&str> = content.split(',').collect();
                if parts.len() != 2 {
                    return Err(ConvertError::Convert(
                        format!(
                            "invalid range format: expected 2 parts, got {}",
                            parts.len()
                        )
                        .into(),
                    ));
                }

                let start_str = parts[0].trim();
                let end_str = parts[1].trim();

                let start = if start_str.is_empty() || start_str == "UNBOUNDED" {
                    None
                } else {
                    Some(T::from_value(crate::query::SqlValue::from_inner(
                        SqlValueInner::String(start_str.to_string()),
                    ))?)
                };

                let end = if end_str.is_empty() || end_str == "UNBOUNDED" {
                    None
                } else {
                    Some(T::from_value(crate::query::SqlValue::from_inner(
                        SqlValueInner::String(end_str.to_string()),
                    ))?)
                };

                Ok(Range { start, end })
            }
            SqlValueInner::Null => Err(ConvertError::NotNull),
            #[cfg(any(
                google_cloud_unstable_bigquery_arrow,
                google_cloud_unstable_bigquery_storage_read
            ))]
            SqlValueInner::Arrow(cell) => {
                if cell.is_null() {
                    return Err(ConvertError::NotNull);
                }
                let take = |key: &str| -> Result<Option<T>, ConvertError> {
                    let field_cell = cell.struct_field_cell(&key)?;
                    Option::<T>::from_value(crate::query::SqlValue::from_inner(
                        SqlValueInner::Arrow(field_cell),
                    ))
                };
                let start = take("start")?;
                let end = take("end")?;
                Ok(Range { start, end })
            }
            other => Err(ConvertError::type_mismatch("string", &other)),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use test_case::test_case;

    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
    enum TestConvertError {
        NotNull,
        TypeMismatch(String),
        Convert,
        MissingField(String),
    }

    impl From<ConvertError> for TestConvertError {
        fn from(err: ConvertError) -> Self {
            match err {
                ConvertError::NotNull => Self::NotNull,
                ConvertError::TypeMismatch { expected, .. } => Self::TypeMismatch(expected),
                ConvertError::Convert(_) => Self::Convert,
                ConvertError::MissingField(f) => Self::MissingField(f),
            }
        }
    }

    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("1-2 3 4:05:06.789123456".to_string()) => Ok(Interval { years: 1, months: 2, days: 3, hours: 4, minutes: 5, seconds: 6, nanos: 789_123_456 }) ; "valid interval with nanos")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("0-0 0 0:00:00".to_string()) => Ok(Interval { years: 0, months: 0, days: 0, hours: 0, minutes: 0, seconds: 0, nanos: 0 }) ; "zero interval")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("0-0 1 2:30:45.123456".to_string()) => Ok(Interval { years: 0, months: 0, days: 1, hours: 2, minutes: 30, seconds: 45, nanos: 123_456_000 }) ; "valid interval from integration test")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("1-2 3 4:5:6".to_string()) => Ok(Interval { years: 1, months: 2, days: 3, hours: 4, minutes: 5, seconds: 6, nanos: 0 }) ; "unpadded time without subseconds")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("1-2 3 4:5:6.5".to_string()) => Ok(Interval { years: 1, months: 2, days: 3, hours: 4, minutes: 5, seconds: 6, nanos: 500_000_000 }) ; "unpadded time with short subsecond")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("-1-2 3 -4:5:6.123".to_string()) => Ok(Interval { years: -1, months: -2, days: 3, hours: -4, minutes: -5, seconds: -6, nanos: -123_000_000 }) ; "mixed signs interval")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("0-0 0 1:1:1.000000001".to_string()) => Ok(Interval { years: 0, months: 0, days: 0, hours: 1, minutes: 1, seconds: 1, nanos: 1 }) ; "single nanosecond")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("-1-2 -3 -4:05:06.123".to_string()) => Ok(Interval { years: -1, months: -2, days: -3, hours: -4, minutes: -5, seconds: -6, nanos: -123_000_000 }) ; "all negative interval")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("0-0 0 0:00:00.1234567899".to_string()) => Ok(Interval { years: 0, months: 0, days: 0, hours: 0, minutes: 0, seconds: 0, nanos: 123_456_789 }) ; "truncated nanos")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::Null => Err(TestConvertError::NotNull) ; "null interval")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::Number(123.into()) => Err(TestConvertError::TypeMismatch("string".to_string())) ; "type mismatch interval")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "empty interval string")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("1-2 3".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "invalid interval parts count")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("1 3 4:05:06".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "invalid year-month format")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("0-0 0 744:0:0".to_string()) => Ok(Interval { years: 0, months: 0, days: 0, hours: 744, minutes: 0, seconds: 0, nanos: 0 }) ; "hours beyond a day")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("0-0 0 25:0:0".to_string()) => Ok(Interval { years: 0, months: 0, days: 0, hours: 25, minutes: 0, seconds: 0, nanos: 0 }) ; "interval 25 hour")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("0-0 0 -744:0:0".to_string()) => Ok(Interval { years: 0, months: 0, days: 0, hours: -744, minutes: 0, seconds: 0, nanos: 0 }) ; "negative hours beyond a day")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("1-2 3 4:05".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "invalid time format")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("1-2 3 4:05:06:07".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "too many time parts")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("1-2 3 4:05:06.x".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "invalid subsecond")]
    fn test_from_sql_interval(value: wkt::Value) -> Result<Interval, TestConvertError> {
        FromSql::from_value(crate::query::SqlValue::new(value)).map_err(TestConvertError::from)
    }

    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("[2026-05-28, 2026-05-29)".to_string()) => Ok(Range { start: Some(google_cloud_type::model::Date::new().set_year(2026).set_month(5).set_day(28)), end: Some(google_cloud_type::model::Date::new().set_year(2026).set_month(5).set_day(29)) }) ; "date range bounded")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("[2026-05-28, UNBOUNDED)".to_string()) => Ok(Range { start: Some(google_cloud_type::model::Date::new().set_year(2026).set_month(5).set_day(28)), end: None }) ; "date range unbounded end")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("[UNBOUNDED, 2026-05-29)".to_string()) => Ok(Range { start: None, end: Some(google_cloud_type::model::Date::new().set_year(2026).set_month(5).set_day(29)) }) ; "date range unbounded start")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("[UNBOUNDED, UNBOUNDED)".to_string()) => Ok(Range { start: None, end: None }) ; "date range unbounded both")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::Null => Err(TestConvertError::NotNull) ; "null range")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::Number(123.into()) => Err(TestConvertError::TypeMismatch("string".to_string())) ; "range type mismatch")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("[2026-05-28)".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "range invalid format one part")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("[2026-05-28, 2026-05-29, 2026-05-30)".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "range invalid format three parts")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("[".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "range too short")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("2026-05-28, 2026-05-29".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "range missing brackets")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("(2026-05-28, 2026-05-29)".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "range invalid leading parenthesis")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("[2026-05-28, 2026-05-29]".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "range invalid trailing square bracket")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("[invalid-start, 2026-05-29)".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "range invalid start element")]
    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("[2026-05-28, invalid-end)".to_string()) => Err(TestConvertError::Convert) ; "range invalid end element")]
    fn test_from_sql_range(
        value: wkt::Value,
    ) -> Result<Range<google_cloud_type::model::Date>, TestConvertError> {
        FromSql::from_value(crate::query::SqlValue::new(value)).map_err(TestConvertError::from)
    }

    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("[2026-05-28T15:30:00, 2026-05-29T15:30:00)".to_string()) => Ok(Range { start: Some(google_cloud_type::model::DateTime::new().set_year(2026).set_month(5).set_day(28).set_hours(15).set_minutes(30).set_seconds(0).set_nanos(0)), end: Some(google_cloud_type::model::DateTime::new().set_year(2026).set_month(5).set_day(29).set_hours(15).set_minutes(30).set_seconds(0).set_nanos(0)) }) ; "datetime range bounded")]
    fn test_from_sql_datetime_range(
        value: wkt::Value,
    ) -> Result<Range<google_cloud_type::model::DateTime>, TestConvertError> {
        FromSql::from_value(crate::query::SqlValue::new(value)).map_err(TestConvertError::from)
    }

    #[test_case(wkt::Value::String("[1779982200000000, UNBOUNDED)".to_string()) => Ok(Range { start: Some(wkt::Timestamp::clamp(1779982200, 0)), end: None }) ; "timestamp range unbounded end")]
    fn test_from_sql_timestamp_range(
        value: wkt::Value,
    ) -> Result<Range<wkt::Timestamp>, TestConvertError> {
        FromSql::from_value(crate::query::SqlValue::new(value)).map_err(TestConvertError::from)
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_interval_setters() {
        let interval = Interval::new()
            .set_years(1)
            .set_months(2)
            .set_days(3)
            .set_hours(4)
            .set_minutes(5)
            .set_seconds(6)
            .set_nanos(789);
        assert_eq!(
            interval,
            Interval {
                years: 1,
                months: 2,
                days: 3,
                hours: 4,
                minutes: 5,
                seconds: 6,
                nanos: 789,
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_range_setters() {
        let d1 = google_cloud_type::model::Date::new()
            .set_year(2026)
            .set_month(5)
            .set_day(28);
        let d2 = google_cloud_type::model::Date::new()
            .set_year(2026)
            .set_month(5)
            .set_day(29);
        let d3 = google_cloud_type::model::Date::new()
            .set_year(2026)
            .set_month(5)
            .set_day(30);

        let range = Range::<google_cloud_type::model::Date>::new()
            .set_start(d1.clone())
            .set_end(d2.clone());
        assert_eq!(
            range,
            Range {
                start: Some(d1),
                end: Some(d2),
            }
        );

        let cleared = range
            .set_or_clear_start(None)
            .set_or_clear_end(Some(d3.clone()));
        assert_eq!(
            cleared,
            Range {
                start: None,
                end: Some(d3),
            }
        );
    }

    #[cfg(any(
        google_cloud_unstable_bigquery_arrow,
        google_cloud_unstable_bigquery_storage_read
    ))]
    mod arrow_tests {
        use super::*;
        use crate::query::SqlValue;
        use crate::query::from_sql::ArrowCell;
        use arrow::array::{
            ArrayRef, BooleanArray, Date32Array, Int64Array, IntervalMonthDayNanoArray,
            StructArray, TimestampMicrosecondArray,
        };
        use arrow::buffer::NullBuffer;
        use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Field, Fields, IntervalMonthDayNano};
        use google_cloud_type::model::{Date, DateTime};
        use std::sync::Arc;
        use test_case::test_case;

        fn arrow_val(arr: ArrayRef, row_idx: usize) -> SqlValue {
            SqlValue::from_inner(SqlValueInner::Arrow(ArrowCell::new(arr, row_idx)))
        }

        fn interval_arr(val: Option<IntervalMonthDayNano>) -> ArrayRef {
            Arc::new(IntervalMonthDayNanoArray::from(vec![val]))
        }

        fn date_range_struct_arr(
            start: Option<i32>,
            end: Option<i32>,
            nulls: Option<NullBuffer>,
        ) -> ArrayRef {
            let fields = Fields::from(vec![
                Field::new("start", DataType::Date32, true),
                Field::new("end", DataType::Date32, true),
            ]);
            let start_col: ArrayRef = Arc::new(Date32Array::from(vec![start]));
            let end_col: ArrayRef = Arc::new(Date32Array::from(vec![end]));
            Arc::new(StructArray::new(fields, vec![start_col, end_col], nulls))
        }

        fn struct_arr_with_fields(names: &[&str], cols: Vec<ArrayRef>) -> ArrayRef {
            let fields = Fields::from(
                names
                    .iter()
                    .zip(cols.iter())
                    .map(|(name, col)| Field::new(*name, col.data_type().clone(), true))
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            );
            Arc::new(StructArray::new(fields, cols, None))
        }

        #[test_case(
            interval_arr(Some(IntervalMonthDayNano::new(
                14,
                3,
                ((4 * 3600 + 5 * 60 + 6) * 1_000_000_000) + 789_123_456,
            ))) => Ok(Interval {
                years: 1,
                months: 2,
                days: 3,
                hours: 4,
                minutes: 5,
                seconds: 6,
                nanos: 789_123_456,
            }) ; "positive interval with nanos"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            interval_arr(Some(IntervalMonthDayNano::new(0, 0, 0))) => Ok(Interval::new()) ; "zero interval"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            interval_arr(Some(IntervalMonthDayNano::new(
                -14,
                3,
                -(((4 * 3600 + 5 * 60 + 6) * 1_000_000_000) + 123_000_000),
            ))) => Ok(Interval {
                years: -1,
                months: -2,
                days: 3,
                hours: -4,
                minutes: -5,
                seconds: -6,
                nanos: -123_000_000,
            }) ; "mixed signs interval"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            interval_arr(Some(IntervalMonthDayNano::new(
                -14,
                -3,
                -(((4 * 3600 + 5 * 60 + 6) * 1_000_000_000) + 123_000_000),
            ))) => Ok(Interval {
                years: -1,
                months: -2,
                days: -3,
                hours: -4,
                minutes: -5,
                seconds: -6,
                nanos: -123_000_000,
            }) ; "all negative interval"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            interval_arr(Some(IntervalMonthDayNano::new(0, 0, 744 * 3600 * 1_000_000_000)))
            => Ok(Interval::new().set_hours(744)) ; "hours beyond a day"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            interval_arr(Some(IntervalMonthDayNano::new(0, 0, -744 * 3600 * 1_000_000_000)))
            => Ok(Interval::new().set_hours(-744)) ; "negative hours beyond a day"
        )]
        #[test_case(interval_arr(None) => Err(TestConvertError::NotNull) ; "null interval")]
        #[test_case(
            Arc::new(Int64Array::from(vec![123]))
            => Err(TestConvertError::TypeMismatch("IntervalMonthDayNanoArray".to_string())) ; "type mismatch interval"
        )]
        fn test_from_sql_arrow_interval(arr: ArrayRef) -> Result<Interval, TestConvertError> {
            Interval::from_value(arrow_val(arr, 0)).map_err(TestConvertError::from)
        }

        #[test_case(
            date_range_struct_arr(Some(20_601), Some(20_602), None)
            => Ok(Range {
                start: Some(Date::new().set_year(2026).set_month(5).set_day(28)),
                end: Some(Date::new().set_year(2026).set_month(5).set_day(29)),
            }) ; "bounded date range"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            date_range_struct_arr(Some(20_601), None, None)
            => Ok(Range {
                start: Some(Date::new().set_year(2026).set_month(5).set_day(28)),
                end: None,
            }) ; "unbounded end"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            date_range_struct_arr(None, Some(20_602), None)
            => Ok(Range {
                start: None,
                end: Some(Date::new().set_year(2026).set_month(5).set_day(29)),
            }) ; "unbounded start"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            date_range_struct_arr(None, None, None)
            => Ok(Range { start: None, end: None }) ; "unbounded both"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            date_range_struct_arr(Some(20_601), Some(20_602), Some(NullBuffer::from(vec![false])))
            => Err(TestConvertError::NotNull) ; "null struct range"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            Arc::new(Int64Array::from(vec![123]))
            => Err(TestConvertError::TypeMismatch("StructArray".to_string())) ; "type mismatch range"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            struct_arr_with_fields(&["end"], vec![Arc::new(Date32Array::from(vec![Some(20_602)]))])
            => Err(TestConvertError::MissingField("start".to_string())) ; "missing start field"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            struct_arr_with_fields(&["start"], vec![Arc::new(Date32Array::from(vec![Some(20_601)]))])
            => Err(TestConvertError::MissingField("end".to_string())) ; "missing end field"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            struct_arr_with_fields(
                &["start", "end"],
                vec![
                    Arc::new(BooleanArray::from(vec![Some(true)])),
                    Arc::new(Date32Array::from(vec![Some(20_602)])),
                ],
            )
            => Err(TestConvertError::TypeMismatch("Date32Array".to_string())) ; "invalid start element type"
        )]
        #[test_case(
            struct_arr_with_fields(
                &["start", "end"],
                vec![
                    Arc::new(Date32Array::from(vec![Some(20_601)])),
                    Arc::new(BooleanArray::from(vec![Some(false)])),
                ],
            )
            => Err(TestConvertError::TypeMismatch("Date32Array".to_string())) ; "invalid end element type"
        )]
        fn test_from_sql_arrow_date_range(arr: ArrayRef) -> Result<Range<Date>, TestConvertError> {
            Range::<Date>::from_value(arrow_val(arr, 0)).map_err(TestConvertError::from)
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_from_sql_arrow_datetime_and_timestamp_range() {
            let arr = struct_arr_with_fields(
                &["start", "end"],
                vec![
                    Arc::new(TimestampMicrosecondArray::from(vec![Some(
                        1_779_982_200_000_000,
                    )])),
                    Arc::new(TimestampMicrosecondArray::from(vec![None])),
                ],
            );

            let dt_range = Range::<DateTime>::from_value(arrow_val(arr.clone(), 0))
                .expect("valid datetime range");
            assert_eq!(
                dt_range,
                Range {
                    start: Some(
                        DateTime::new()
                            .set_year(2026)
                            .set_month(5)
                            .set_day(28)
                            .set_hours(15)
                            .set_minutes(30)
                            .set_seconds(0)
                            .set_nanos(0)
                    ),
                    end: None,
                }
            );

            let ts_range = Range::<wkt::Timestamp>::from_value(arrow_val(arr, 0))
                .expect("valid timestamp range");
            assert_eq!(
                ts_range,
                Range {
                    start: Some(wkt::Timestamp::clamp(1_779_982_200, 0)),
                    end: None,
                }
            );
        }
    }
}