gloam  

A loader generator for Vulkan, OpenGL, OpenGL ES, EGL, GLX, and WGL. Reads Khronos XML spec files and generates C or Rust dispatch code.

gloam is a clean-room rewrite of GLAD in Rust, with first-class support for ANGLE extension supplementals, Vulkan command-scope inference, and a hash-based extension detection strategy that avoids string comparisons at load time.

Quick start

# 1. Populate bundled XML specs and headers (one-time setup, or to refresh).
./scripts/fetch_bundled.sh

# 2. Build.
cargo build --release

# 3. Generate a C loader for OpenGL 3.3 core + all extensions.
./target/release/gloam --api gl:core=3.3 c --loader

# 4. Generate a Rust loader for Vulkan 1.3.
./target/release/gloam --api vk=1.3 rust

# 5. Generate a combined GL 3.3 + GLES 2.0 + Vulkan + EGL loader.
./target/release/gloam --api gl:core,gles2,vulkan,egl --merge c --alias --loader

Command reference

gloam [OPTIONS] <COMMAND>

Options:
  --api <SPEC>          API specifiers (required). Comma-separated list of
                        name[:profile][=major.minor] tokens. Profile is
                        required for GL (core|compat). Version is optional
                        (latest if omitted). Examples:
                          gl:core=3.3
                          gles2=3.0
                          gl:core=3.3,gles2=3.0
                          vk=1.3
                          egl=1.5
  --extensions <FILTER> Restrict extensions. Either a path to a file (one
                        name per line) or a comma-separated inline list.
                        Omit to include all extensions supported by the
                        requested API.
  --promoted            Automatically include any extension whose commands
                        were promoted into the requested core version, even
                        if not listed in --extensions. Handles both
                        same-name promotion (e.g. ARB_copy_buffer) and
                        renamed promotion (e.g. ARB_multitexture →
                        glActiveTexture). Scoped per-API to prevent
                        cross-contamination in merged builds.
  --predecessors        Automatically include any extension that is a
                        predecessor of an already-selected extension — i.e.
                        its commands or enums are aliases of those in the
                        selected set. Follows chains to a fixed point, so
                        indirect predecessors are included too. Runs after
                        --promoted, so promoted extensions also seed the
                        predecessor search.
  --merge               Merge multiple APIs of the same spec into a single
                        output file. Required when combining gl and gles2.
  --out-path <DIR>      Output directory [default: .]
  --quiet               Suppress progress messages.
  --fetch               Fetch XML specs from upstream Khronos URLs instead
                        of the bundled copies. Any fetch failure is fatal.

Commands:
  c     Generate a C loader.
        --alias   Enable bijective function-pointer alias resolution at
                  load time. If the canonical slot is null but an alias
                  was loaded by the driver (or vice versa), the pointer
                  is propagated to both slots.
        --loader  Include a built-in dlopen/LoadLibrary convenience layer.
  rust  Generate a Rust loader.
        --alias   Enable bijective function-pointer alias resolution.

Extension selection flags

The three extension-related flags are orthogonal and compose freely:

Typical use with an explicit --extensions list:

# Explicit list only — exactly what you asked for.
gloam --api gl:core=4.6,gles2=3.2 --extensions GL_KHR_debug,... --merge c

# Explicit list + promoted ARB predecessors of core functions.
gloam --api gl:core=4.6,gles2=3.2 --extensions GL_KHR_debug,... --promoted --merge c

# Explicit list + promoted + extension-to-extension predecessor chains.
gloam --api gl:core=4.6,gles2=3.2 --extensions GL_KHR_debug,... --promoted --predecessors --merge c

Generated C output

For --api gl:core=3.3 c --loader, gloam emits into the output directory:

include/
  gloam/
    gl.h          # public header — include this in your project
  KHR/
    khrplatform.h # auxiliary headers copied from bundled/
  xxhash.h        # single-file xxHash amalgamation used by the loader
src/
  gl.c            # loader implementation

When generating without --merge, each API gets its own stem: gles2 → gles2.h / gles2.c, gl → gl.h / gl.c, etc.

include/gloam/gl.h

• GloamAPIProc opaque function pointer type and GloamLoadFunc callback typedef
• APIENTRY / APIENTRYP / GLOAM_API_PTR / GLAPIENTRY calling convention macros
• typedef declarations in topological dependency order
• #define constants for all required enums
• PFN typedef for every selected command (e.g. PFNGLACTIVETEXTUREPROC)
• GloamGLContext struct with:
  • featArray[] — one unsigned char flag per version feature
  • extArray[] — one unsigned char flag per extension
  • pfnArray[] / named union members — one function pointer slot per command
• Feature presence macros (GLOAM_GL_VERSION_3_3, …)
• Extension presence macros (GLOAM_GL_ARB_SYNC, …)
• #define glFoo (gloam_gl_context.Foo) dispatch macros (or prototypes under __INTELLISENSE__)
• gloamLoadGLContext(ctx, getProcAddr) / gloamLoadGL(getProcAddr) declarations
• With --loader: gloamLoaderLoadGLContext / gloamLoaderUnloadGLContext / gloamLoaderResetGLContext (and non-Context variants) declarations

src/gl.c

• Static function-name string table (kFnNames[])
• Feature PFN range table (contiguous-run compressed)
• Per-API extension hash table (pre-baked XXH3-64, sorted for binary search)
• Extension PFN range table and index subset per API
• gloamLoadGLContext():
  1. Bootstraps glGetString then calls find_core to parse GL_VERSION and set featArray bits
  2. Bulk-loads function pointers for each enabled feature via the range table
  3. Hashes driver-reported extension names, Shellsorts them, binary-searches against the pre-baked table, sets extArray bits for matches
  4. Loads function pointers for each detected extension via the range table
  5. With --alias: resolves bijective function-pointer alias pairs
• With --loader: gloamLoaderLoad/Unload/ResetGLContext() — opens the platform GL library, wires up wglGetProcAddress / glXGetProcAddressARB with correct calling conventions, delegates to gloamLoadGLContext, stores the library handle in context->glad_loader_handle

Extension detection strategy

At load time, the generated code:

1. Calls glGetIntegerv(GL_NUM_EXTENSIONS, &n) to get the count.
2. Calls glGetStringi(GL_EXTENSIONS, i) for each i, hashes each name with XXH3-64 (the same algorithm used at generator time), and stores the hashes in a heap-allocated uint64_t[].
3. Shellsorts the array in-place (Ciura gap sequence — no extra memory, ~160 bytes of code).
4. Binary-searches the sorted driver hashes against the pre-baked known extension hash table embedded in the generated source.

This gives O(n log n) total work to detect all extensions, with O(log n) per lookup, and zero string comparisons at runtime.

Vulkan loading

Vulkan function loading requires knowing which vkGet*ProcAddr entry point to use for each command. gloam infers this from the first parameter type:

Multi-call loading model

gloamLoadVulkanContext (and gloamLoaderLoadVulkanContext) may be called multiple times on the same context as the application progresses through Vulkan initialisation. Each call is additive — it fills in whatever the current set of live handles allows, without wiping previous work:

// Pass 1: all handles NULL — loads Global-scope functions,
//         detects available instance extensions.
gloamLoaderLoadVulkanContext(ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL);

// ... create VkInstance based on detected extensions ...

// Pass 2: instance live — loads Instance-scope functions,
//         detects available device extensions.
gloamLoaderLoadVulkanContext(ctx, instance, NULL, NULL);

// ... create VkPhysicalDevice / VkDevice ...

// Pass 3: device live — loads Device-scope functions.
gloamLoaderLoadVulkanContext(ctx, instance, physical_device, device);

Caller-managed library handle

The library handle is stored in context->glad_loader_handle so you can supply your own:

// Pre-populate to skip dlopen:
ctx->glad_loader_handle = my_vk_handle;
gloamLoaderLoadVulkanContext(ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL);

// During cleanup, zero the field first to prevent gloam from closing
// a handle you still own:
ctx->glad_loader_handle = NULL;
gloamLoaderUnloadVulkanContext(ctx);

glad_loader_handle is present on all context types (GL, EGL, VK, …) so this pattern is consistent across APIs.

Bundled files

bundled/ contains compile-time snapshots of upstream XML specs and auxiliary headers. They are embedded into the binary via include_str! so the binary is fully self-contained.

To refresh them:

./scripts/fetch_bundled.sh          # fetch everything
./scripts/fetch_bundled.sh --xml    # XML specs only
./scripts/fetch_bundled.sh --hdrs   # headers only

The --fetch CLI flag bypasses the bundled copies and fetches directly from upstream at generation time. Any failure is fatal.

Alias resolution (--alias)

When --alias is passed, the generated loader emits a runtime resolver: after loading all function pointers, if the canonical slot for an alias pair is null but the alias slot was loaded by the driver (or vice versa), the loaded pointer is propagated to both slots. This is useful for extension functions that were later promoted to core under a new name, where a driver may only expose one spelling.

Note: --alias is a runtime concern — it does not affect which extensions are selected. For selection-time alias expansion see --promoted and --predecessors.

Building from source

cargo build            # debug
cargo build --release  # release
cargo test

Requires Rust 1.75 or later.