//! Asynchronous streams
//!
//! This module contains the `Stream` trait and a number of adaptors for this
//! trait. This trait is very similar to the `Iterator` trait in the standard
//! library except that it expresses the concept of blocking as well. A stream
//! here is a sequential sequence of values which may take some amount of time
//! in between to produce.
//!
//! A stream may request that it is blocked between values while the next value
//! is calculated, and provides a way to get notified once the next value is
//! ready as well.
//!
//! You can find more information/tutorials about streams [online at
//! https://tokio.rs][online]
//!
//! [online]: https://tokio.rs/docs/getting-started/streams-and-sinks/
use {IntoFuture, Poll};
mod iter;
#[allow(deprecated)]
pub use self::iter::{iter, Iter};
#[cfg(feature = "with-deprecated")]
#[allow(deprecated)]
pub use self::Iter as IterStream;
mod iter_ok;
pub use self::iter_ok::{iter_ok, IterOk};
mod iter_result;
pub use self::iter_result::{iter_result, IterResult};
mod repeat;
pub use self::repeat::{repeat, Repeat};
mod and_then;
mod chain;
mod concat;
mod empty;
mod filter;
mod filter_map;
mod flatten;
mod fold;
mod for_each;
mod from_err;
mod fuse;
mod future;
mod inspect;
mod inspect_err;
mod map;
mod map_err;
mod merge;
mod once;
mod or_else;
mod peek;
mod poll_fn;
mod select;
mod skip;
mod skip_while;
mod take;
mod take_while;
mod then;
mod unfold;
mod zip;
mod forward;
pub use self::and_then::AndThen;
pub use self::chain::Chain;
#[allow(deprecated)]
pub use self::concat::Concat;
pub use self::concat::Concat2;
pub use self::empty::{Empty, empty};
pub use self::filter::Filter;
pub use self::filter_map::FilterMap;
pub use self::flatten::Flatten;
pub use self::fold::Fold;
pub use self::for_each::ForEach;
pub use self::from_err::FromErr;
pub use self::fuse::Fuse;
pub use self::future::StreamFuture;
pub use self::inspect::Inspect;
pub use self::inspect_err::InspectErr;
pub use self::map::Map;
pub use self::map_err::MapErr;
#[allow(deprecated)]
pub use self::merge::{Merge, MergedItem};
pub use self::once::{Once, once};
pub use self::or_else::OrElse;
pub use self::peek::Peekable;
pub use self::poll_fn::{poll_fn, PollFn};
pub use self::select::Select;
pub use self::skip::Skip;
pub use self::skip_while::SkipWhile;
pub use self::take::Take;
pub use self::take_while::TakeWhile;
pub use self::then::Then;
pub use self::unfold::{Unfold, unfold};
pub use self::zip::Zip;
pub use self::forward::Forward;
use sink::{Sink};
if_std! {
use std;
mod buffered;
mod buffer_unordered;
mod catch_unwind;
mod chunks;
mod collect;
mod wait;
mod channel;
mod split;
pub mod futures_unordered;
mod futures_ordered;
pub use self::buffered::Buffered;
pub use self::buffer_unordered::BufferUnordered;
pub use self::catch_unwind::CatchUnwind;
pub use self::chunks::Chunks;
pub use self::collect::Collect;
pub use self::wait::Wait;
pub use self::split::{SplitStream, SplitSink, ReuniteError};
pub use self::futures_unordered::FuturesUnordered;
pub use self::futures_ordered::{futures_ordered, FuturesOrdered};
#[doc(hidden)]
#[cfg(feature = "with-deprecated")]
#[allow(deprecated)]
pub use self::channel::{channel, Sender, Receiver, FutureSender, SendError};
/// A type alias for `Box<Stream + Send>`
#[doc(hidden)]
#[deprecated(note = "removed without replacement, recommended to use a \
local extension trait or function if needed, more \
details in https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/futures-rs/issues/228")]
pub type BoxStream<T, E> = ::std::boxed::Box<Stream<Item = T, Error = E> + Send>;
impl<S: ?Sized + Stream> Stream for ::std::boxed::Box<S> {
type Item = S::Item;
type Error = S::Error;
fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>, Self::Error> {
(**self).poll()
}
}
}
/// A stream of values, not all of which may have been produced yet.
///
/// `Stream` is a trait to represent any source of sequential events or items
/// which acts like an iterator but long periods of time may pass between
/// items. Like `Future` the methods of `Stream` never block and it is thus
/// suitable for programming in an asynchronous fashion. This trait is very
/// similar to the `Iterator` trait in the standard library where `Some` is
/// used to signal elements of the stream and `None` is used to indicate that
/// the stream is finished.
///
/// Like futures a stream has basic combinators to transform the stream, perform
/// more work on each item, etc.
///
/// You can find more information/tutorials about streams [online at
/// https://tokio.rs][online]
///
/// [online]: https://tokio.rs/docs/getting-started/streams-and-sinks/
///
/// # Streams as Futures
///
/// Any instance of `Stream` can also be viewed as a `Future` where the resolved
/// value is the next item in the stream along with the rest of the stream. The
/// `into_future` adaptor can be used here to convert any stream into a future
/// for use with other future methods like `join` and `select`.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Streams, like futures, can also model errors in their computation. All
/// streams have an associated `Error` type like with futures. Currently as of
/// the 0.1 release of this library an error on a stream **does not terminate
/// the stream**. That is, after one error is received, another error may be
/// received from the same stream (it's valid to keep polling).
///
/// This property of streams, however, is [being considered] for change in 0.2
/// where an error on a stream is similar to `None`, it terminates the stream
/// entirely. If one of these use cases suits you perfectly and not the other,
/// please feel welcome to comment on [the issue][being considered]!
///
/// [being considered]: https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/futures-rs/issues/206
pub trait Stream {
/// The type of item this stream will yield on success.
type Item;
/// The type of error this stream may generate.
type Error;
/// Attempt to pull out the next value of this stream, returning `None` if
/// the stream is finished.
///
/// This method, like `Future::poll`, is the sole method of pulling out a
/// value from a stream. This method must also be run within the context of
/// a task typically and implementors of this trait must ensure that
/// implementations of this method do not block, as it may cause consumers
/// to behave badly.
///
/// # Return value
///
/// If `NotReady` is returned then this stream's next value is not ready
/// yet and implementations will ensure that the current task will be
/// notified when the next value may be ready. If `Some` is returned then
/// the returned value represents the next value on the stream. `Err`
/// indicates an error happened, while `Ok` indicates whether there was a
/// new item on the stream or whether the stream has terminated.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Once a stream is finished, that is `Ready(None)` has been returned,
/// further calls to `poll` may result in a panic or other "bad behavior".
/// If this is difficult to guard against then the `fuse` adapter can be
/// used to ensure that `poll` always has well-defined semantics.
// TODO: more here
fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>, Self::Error>;
// TODO: should there also be a method like `poll` but doesn't return an
// item? basically just says "please make more progress internally"
// seems crucial for buffering to actually make any sense.
/// Creates an iterator which blocks the current thread until each item of
/// this stream is resolved.
///
/// This method will consume ownership of this stream, returning an
/// implementation of a standard iterator. This iterator will *block the
/// current thread* on each call to `next` if the item in the stream isn't
/// ready yet.
///
/// > **Note:** This method is not appropriate to call on event loops or
/// > similar I/O situations because it will prevent the event
/// > loop from making progress (this blocks the thread). This
/// > method should only be called when it's guaranteed that the
/// > blocking work associated with this stream will be completed
/// > by another thread.
///
/// This method is only available when the `use_std` feature of this
/// library is activated, and it is activated by default.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// The returned iterator does not attempt to catch panics. If the `poll`
/// function panics, panics will be propagated to the caller of `next`.
#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
fn wait(self) -> Wait<Self>
where Self: Sized
{
wait::new(self)
}
/// Convenience function for turning this stream into a trait object.
///
/// This simply avoids the need to write `Box::new` and can often help with
/// type inference as well by always returning a trait object. Note that
/// this method requires the `Send` bound and returns a `BoxStream`, which
/// also encodes this. If you'd like to create a `Box<Stream>` without the
/// `Send` bound, then the `Box::new` function can be used instead.
///
/// This method is only available when the `use_std` feature of this
/// library is activated, and it is activated by default.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use futures::stream::*;
/// use futures::sync::mpsc;
///
/// let (_tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
/// let a: BoxStream<i32, ()> = rx.boxed();
/// ```
#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
#[doc(hidden)]
#[deprecated(note = "removed without replacement, recommended to use a \
local extension trait or function if needed, more \
details in https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/futures-rs/issues/228")]
#[allow(deprecated)]
fn boxed(self) -> BoxStream<Self::Item, Self::Error>
where Self: Sized + Send + 'static,
{
::std::boxed::Box::new(self)
}
/// Converts this stream into a `Future`.
///
/// A stream can be viewed as a future which will resolve to a pair containing
/// the next element of the stream plus the remaining stream. If the stream
/// terminates, then the next element is `None` and the remaining stream is
/// still passed back, to allow reclamation of its resources.
///
/// The returned future can be used to compose streams and futures together by
/// placing everything into the "world of futures".
fn into_future(self) -> StreamFuture<Self>
where Self: Sized
{
future::new(self)
}
/// Converts a stream of type `T` to a stream of type `U`.
///
/// The provided closure is executed over all elements of this stream as
/// they are made available, and the callback will be executed inline with
/// calls to `poll`.
///
/// Note that this function consumes the receiving stream and returns a
/// wrapped version of it, similar to the existing `map` methods in the
/// standard library.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::sync::mpsc;
///
/// let (_tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
/// let rx = rx.map(|x| x + 3);
/// ```
fn map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U,
Self: Sized
{
map::new(self, f)
}
/// Converts a stream of error type `T` to a stream of error type `U`.
///
/// The provided closure is executed over all errors of this stream as
/// they are made available, and the callback will be executed inline with
/// calls to `poll`.
///
/// Note that this function consumes the receiving stream and returns a
/// wrapped version of it, similar to the existing `map_err` methods in the
/// standard library.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::sync::mpsc;
///
/// let (_tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
/// let rx = rx.map_err(|()| 3);
/// ```
fn map_err<U, F>(self, f: F) -> MapErr<Self, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Error) -> U,
Self: Sized
{
map_err::new(self, f)
}
/// Filters the values produced by this stream according to the provided
/// predicate.
///
/// As values of this stream are made available, the provided predicate will
/// be run against them. If the predicate returns `true` then the stream
/// will yield the value, but if the predicate returns `false` then the
/// value will be discarded and the next value will be produced.
///
/// All errors are passed through without filtering in this combinator.
///
/// Note that this function consumes the receiving stream and returns a
/// wrapped version of it, similar to the existing `filter` methods in the
/// standard library.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::sync::mpsc;
///
/// let (_tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
/// let evens = rx.filter(|x| x % 2 == 0);
/// ```
fn filter<F>(self, f: F) -> Filter<Self, F>
where F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,
Self: Sized
{
filter::new(self, f)
}
/// Filters the values produced by this stream while simultaneously mapping
/// them to a different type.
///
/// As values of this stream are made available, the provided function will
/// be run on them. If the predicate returns `Some(e)` then the stream will
/// yield the value `e`, but if the predicate returns `None` then the next
/// value will be produced.
///
/// All errors are passed through without filtering in this combinator.
///
/// Note that this function consumes the receiving stream and returns a
/// wrapped version of it, similar to the existing `filter_map` methods in the
/// standard library.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::sync::mpsc;
///
/// let (_tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
/// let evens_plus_one = rx.filter_map(|x| {
/// if x % 0 == 2 {
/// Some(x + 1)
/// } else {
/// None
/// }
/// });
/// ```
fn filter_map<F, B>(self, f: F) -> FilterMap<Self, F>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,
Self: Sized
{
filter_map::new(self, f)
}
/// Chain on a computation for when a value is ready, passing the resulting
/// item to the provided closure `f`.
///
/// This function can be used to ensure a computation runs regardless of
/// the next value on the stream. The closure provided will be yielded a
/// `Result` once a value is ready, and the returned future will then be run
/// to completion to produce the next value on this stream.
///
/// The returned value of the closure must implement the `IntoFuture` trait
/// and can represent some more work to be done before the composed stream
/// is finished. Note that the `Result` type implements the `IntoFuture`
/// trait so it is possible to simply alter the `Result` yielded to the
/// closure and return it.
///
/// Note that this function consumes the receiving stream and returns a
/// wrapped version of it.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::sync::mpsc;
///
/// let (_tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
///
/// let rx = rx.then(|result| {
/// match result {
/// Ok(e) => Ok(e + 3),
/// Err(()) => Err(4),
/// }
/// });
/// ```
fn then<F, U>(self, f: F) -> Then<Self, F, U>
where F: FnMut(Result<Self::Item, Self::Error>) -> U,
U: IntoFuture,
Self: Sized
{
then::new(self, f)
}
/// Chain on a computation for when a value is ready, passing the successful
/// results to the provided closure `f`.
///
/// This function can be used to run a unit of work when the next successful
/// value on a stream is ready. The closure provided will be yielded a value
/// when ready, and the returned future will then be run to completion to
/// produce the next value on this stream.
///
/// Any errors produced by this stream will not be passed to the closure,
/// and will be passed through.
///
/// The returned value of the closure must implement the `IntoFuture` trait
/// and can represent some more work to be done before the composed stream
/// is finished. Note that the `Result` type implements the `IntoFuture`
/// trait so it is possible to simply alter the `Result` yielded to the
/// closure and return it.
///
/// Note that this function consumes the receiving stream and returns a
/// wrapped version of it.
///
/// To process the entire stream and return a single future representing
/// success or error, use `for_each` instead.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::sync::mpsc;
///
/// let (_tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
///
/// let rx = rx.and_then(|result| {
/// if result % 2 == 0 {
/// Ok(result)
/// } else {
/// Err(())
/// }
/// });
/// ```
fn and_then<F, U>(self, f: F) -> AndThen<Self, F, U>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U,
U: IntoFuture<Error = Self::Error>,
Self: Sized
{
and_then::new(self, f)
}
/// Chain on a computation for when an error happens, passing the
/// erroneous result to the provided closure `f`.
///
/// This function can be used to run a unit of work and attempt to recover from
/// an error if one happens. The closure provided will be yielded an error
/// when one appears, and the returned future will then be run to completion
/// to produce the next value on this stream.
///
/// Any successful values produced by this stream will not be passed to the
/// closure, and will be passed through.
///
/// The returned value of the closure must implement the `IntoFuture` trait
/// and can represent some more work to be done before the composed stream
/// is finished. Note that the `Result` type implements the `IntoFuture`
/// trait so it is possible to simply alter the `Result` yielded to the
/// closure and return it.
///
/// Note that this function consumes the receiving stream and returns a
/// wrapped version of it.
fn or_else<F, U>(self, f: F) -> OrElse<Self, F, U>
where F: FnMut(Self::Error) -> U,
U: IntoFuture<Item = Self::Item>,
Self: Sized
{
or_else::new(self, f)
}
/// Collect all of the values of this stream into a vector, returning a
/// future representing the result of that computation.
///
/// This combinator will collect all successful results of this stream and
/// collect them into a `Vec<Self::Item>`. If an error happens then all
/// collected elements will be dropped and the error will be returned.
///
/// The returned future will be resolved whenever an error happens or when
/// the stream returns `Ok(None)`.
///
/// This method is only available when the `use_std` feature of this
/// library is activated, and it is activated by default.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::thread;
///
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::sync::mpsc;
///
/// let (mut tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
///
/// thread::spawn(|| {
/// for i in (0..5).rev() {
/// tx = tx.send(i + 1).wait().unwrap();
/// }
/// });
///
/// let mut result = rx.collect();
/// assert_eq!(result.wait(), Ok(vec![5, 4, 3, 2, 1]));
/// ```
#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
fn collect(self) -> Collect<Self>
where Self: Sized
{
collect::new(self)
}
/// Concatenate all results of a stream into a single extendable
/// destination, returning a future representing the end result.
///
/// This combinator will extend the first item with the contents
/// of all the successful results of the stream. If the stream is
/// empty, the default value will be returned. If an error occurs,
/// all the results will be dropped and the error will be returned.
///
/// The name `concat2` is an intermediate measure until the release of
/// futures 0.2, at which point it will be renamed back to `concat`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::thread;
///
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::sync::mpsc;
///
/// let (mut tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
///
/// thread::spawn(move || {
/// for i in (0..3).rev() {
/// let n = i * 3;
/// tx = tx.send(vec![n + 1, n + 2, n + 3]).wait().unwrap();
/// }
/// });
/// let result = rx.concat2();
/// assert_eq!(result.wait(), Ok(vec![7, 8, 9, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3]));
/// ```
fn concat2(self) -> Concat2<Self>
where Self: Sized,
Self::Item: Extend<<<Self as Stream>::Item as IntoIterator>::Item> + IntoIterator + Default,
{
concat::new2(self)
}
/// Concatenate all results of a stream into a single extendable
/// destination, returning a future representing the end result.
///
/// This combinator will extend the first item with the contents
/// of all the successful results of the stream. If an error occurs,
/// all the results will be dropped and the error will be returned.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::thread;
///
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::sync::mpsc;
///
/// let (mut tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(1);
///
/// thread::spawn(move || {
/// for i in (0..3).rev() {
/// let n = i * 3;
/// tx = tx.send(vec![n + 1, n + 2, n + 3]).wait().unwrap();
/// }
/// });
/// let result = rx.concat();
/// assert_eq!(result.wait(), Ok(vec![7, 8, 9, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3]));
/// ```
///
/// # Panics
///
/// It's important to note that this function will panic if the stream
/// is empty, which is the reason for its deprecation.
#[deprecated(since="0.1.14", note="please use `Stream::concat2` instead")]
#[allow(deprecated)]
fn concat(self) -> Concat<Self>
where Self: Sized,
Self::Item: Extend<<<Self as Stream>::Item as IntoIterator>::Item> + IntoIterator,
{
concat::new(self)
}
/// Execute an accumulating computation over a stream, collecting all the
/// values into one final result.
///
/// This combinator will collect all successful results of this stream
/// according to the closure provided. The initial state is also provided to
/// this method and then is returned again by each execution of the closure.
/// Once the entire stream has been exhausted the returned future will
/// resolve to this value.
///
/// If an error happens then collected state will be dropped and the error
/// will be returned.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::stream;
/// use futures::future;
///
/// let number_stream = stream::iter_ok::<_, ()>(0..6);
/// let sum = number_stream.fold(0, |acc, x| future::ok(acc + x));
/// assert_eq!(sum.wait(), Ok(15));
/// ```
fn fold<F, T, Fut>(self, init: T, f: F) -> Fold<Self, F, Fut, T>
where F: FnMut(T, Self::Item) -> Fut,
Fut: IntoFuture<Item = T>,
Self::Error: From<Fut::Error>,
Self: Sized
{
fold::new(self, f, init)
}
/// Flattens a stream of streams into just one continuous stream.
///
/// If this stream's elements are themselves streams then this combinator
/// will flatten out the entire stream to one long chain of elements. Any
/// errors are passed through without looking at them, but otherwise each
/// individual stream will get exhausted before moving on to the next.
///
/// ```
/// use std::thread;
///
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::sync::mpsc;
///
/// let (tx1, rx1) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
/// let (tx2, rx2) = mpsc::channel::<i32>(1);
/// let (tx3, rx3) = mpsc::channel(1);
///
/// thread::spawn(|| {
/// tx1.send(1).wait().unwrap()
/// .send(2).wait().unwrap();
/// });
/// thread::spawn(|| {
/// tx2.send(3).wait().unwrap()
/// .send(4).wait().unwrap();
/// });
/// thread::spawn(|| {
/// tx3.send(rx1).wait().unwrap()
/// .send(rx2).wait().unwrap();
/// });
///
/// let mut result = rx3.flatten().collect();
/// assert_eq!(result.wait(), Ok(vec![1, 2, 3, 4]));
/// ```
fn flatten(self) -> Flatten<Self>
where Self::Item: Stream,
<Self::Item as Stream>::Error: From<Self::Error>,
Self: Sized
{
flatten::new(self)
}
/// Skip elements on this stream while the predicate provided resolves to
/// `true`.
///
/// This function, like `Iterator::skip_while`, will skip elements on the
/// stream until the `predicate` resolves to `false`. Once one element
/// returns false all future elements will be returned from the underlying
/// stream.
fn skip_while<P, R>(self, pred: P) -> SkipWhile<Self, P, R>
where P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> R,
R: IntoFuture<Item=bool, Error=Self::Error>,
Self: Sized
{
skip_while::new(self, pred)
}
/// Take elements from this stream while the predicate provided resolves to
/// `true`.
///
/// This function, like `Iterator::take_while`, will take elements from the
/// stream until the `predicate` resolves to `false`. Once one element
/// returns false it will always return that the stream is done.
fn take_while<P, R>(self, pred: P) -> TakeWhile<Self, P, R>
where P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> R,
R: IntoFuture<Item=bool, Error=Self::Error>,
Self: Sized
{
take_while::new(self, pred)
}
/// Runs this stream to completion, executing the provided closure for each
/// element on the stream.
///
/// The closure provided will be called for each item this stream resolves
/// to successfully, producing a future. That future will then be executed
/// to completion before moving on to the next item.
///
/// The returned value is a `Future` where the `Item` type is `()` and
/// errors are otherwise threaded through. Any error on the stream or in the
/// closure will cause iteration to be halted immediately and the future
/// will resolve to that error.
///
/// To process each item in the stream and produce another stream instead
/// of a single future, use `and_then` instead.
fn for_each<F, U>(self, f: F) -> ForEach<Self, F, U>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U,
U: IntoFuture<Item=(), Error = Self::Error>,
Self: Sized
{
for_each::new(self, f)
}
/// Map this stream's error to any error implementing `From` for
/// this stream's `Error`, returning a new stream.
///
/// This function does for streams what `try!` does for `Result`,
/// by letting the compiler infer the type of the resulting error.
/// Just as `map_err` above, this is useful for example to ensure
/// that streams have the same error type when used with
/// combinators.
///
/// Note that this function consumes the receiving stream and returns a
/// wrapped version of it.
fn from_err<E: From<Self::Error>>(self) -> FromErr<Self, E>
where Self: Sized,
{
from_err::new(self)
}
/// Creates a new stream of at most `amt` items of the underlying stream.
///
/// Once `amt` items have been yielded from this stream then it will always
/// return that the stream is done.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Any errors yielded from underlying stream, before the desired amount of
/// items is reached, are passed through and do not affect the total number
/// of items taken.
fn take(self, amt: u64) -> Take<Self>
where Self: Sized
{
take::new(self, amt)
}
/// Creates a new stream which skips `amt` items of the underlying stream.
///
/// Once `amt` items have been skipped from this stream then it will always
/// return the remaining items on this stream.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// All errors yielded from underlying stream are passed through and do not
/// affect the total number of items skipped.
fn skip(self, amt: u64) -> Skip<Self>
where Self: Sized
{
skip::new(self, amt)
}
/// Fuse a stream such that `poll` will never again be called once it has
/// finished.
///
/// Currently once a stream has returned `None` from `poll` any further
/// calls could exhibit bad behavior such as block forever, panic, never
/// return, etc. If it is known that `poll` may be called after stream has
/// already finished, then this method can be used to ensure that it has
/// defined semantics.
///
/// Once a stream has been `fuse`d and it finishes, then it will forever
/// return `None` from `poll`. This, unlike for the traits `poll` method,
/// is guaranteed.
///
/// Also note that as soon as this stream returns `None` it will be dropped
/// to reclaim resources associated with it.
fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self>
where Self: Sized
{
fuse::new(self)
}
/// Borrows a stream, rather than consuming it.
///
/// This is useful to allow applying stream adaptors while still retaining
/// ownership of the original stream.
///
/// ```
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::stream;
/// use futures::future;
///
/// let mut stream = stream::iter_ok::<_, ()>(1..5);
///
/// let sum = stream.by_ref().take(2).fold(0, |a, b| future::ok(a + b)).wait();
/// assert_eq!(sum, Ok(3));
///
/// // You can use the stream again
/// let sum = stream.take(2).fold(0, |a, b| future::ok(a + b)).wait();
/// assert_eq!(sum, Ok(7));
/// ```
fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self
where Self: Sized
{
self
}
/// Catches unwinding panics while polling the stream.
///
/// Caught panic (if any) will be the last element of the resulting stream.
///
/// In general, panics within a stream can propagate all the way out to the
/// task level. This combinator makes it possible to halt unwinding within
/// the stream itself. It's most commonly used within task executors. This
/// method should not be used for error handling.
///
/// Note that this method requires the `UnwindSafe` bound from the standard
/// library. This isn't always applied automatically, and the standard
/// library provides an `AssertUnwindSafe` wrapper type to apply it
/// after-the fact. To assist using this method, the `Stream` trait is also
/// implemented for `AssertUnwindSafe<S>` where `S` implements `Stream`.
///
/// This method is only available when the `use_std` feature of this
/// library is activated, and it is activated by default.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::stream;
///
/// let stream = stream::iter_ok::<_, bool>(vec![Some(10), None, Some(11)]);
/// // panic on second element
/// let stream_panicking = stream.map(|o| o.unwrap());
/// let mut iter = stream_panicking.catch_unwind().wait();
///
/// assert_eq!(Ok(10), iter.next().unwrap().ok().unwrap());
/// assert!(iter.next().unwrap().is_err());
/// assert!(iter.next().is_none());
/// ```
#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
fn catch_unwind(self) -> CatchUnwind<Self>
where Self: Sized + std::panic::UnwindSafe
{
catch_unwind::new(self)
}
/// An adaptor for creating a buffered list of pending futures.
///
/// If this stream's item can be converted into a future, then this adaptor
/// will buffer up to at most `amt` futures and then return results in the
/// same order as the underlying stream. No more than `amt` futures will be
/// buffered at any point in time, and less than `amt` may also be buffered
/// depending on the state of each future.
///
/// The returned stream will be a stream of each future's result, with
/// errors passed through whenever they occur.
///
/// This method is only available when the `use_std` feature of this
/// library is activated, and it is activated by default.
#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
fn buffered(self, amt: usize) -> Buffered<Self>
where Self::Item: IntoFuture<Error = <Self as Stream>::Error>,
Self: Sized
{
buffered::new(self, amt)
}
/// An adaptor for creating a buffered list of pending futures (unordered).
///
/// If this stream's item can be converted into a future, then this adaptor
/// will buffer up to `amt` futures and then return results in the order
/// in which they complete. No more than `amt` futures will be buffered at
/// any point in time, and less than `amt` may also be buffered depending on
/// the state of each future.
///
/// The returned stream will be a stream of each future's result, with
/// errors passed through whenever they occur.
///
/// This method is only available when the `use_std` feature of this
/// library is activated, and it is activated by default.
#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
fn buffer_unordered(self, amt: usize) -> BufferUnordered<Self>
where Self::Item: IntoFuture<Error = <Self as Stream>::Error>,
Self: Sized
{
buffer_unordered::new(self, amt)
}
/// An adapter for merging the output of two streams.
///
/// The merged stream produces items from one or both of the underlying
/// streams as they become available. Errors, however, are not merged: you
/// get at most one error at a time.
#[deprecated(note = "functionality provided by `select` now")]
#[allow(deprecated)]
fn merge<S>(self, other: S) -> Merge<Self, S>
where S: Stream<Error = Self::Error>,
Self: Sized,
{
merge::new(self, other)
}
/// An adapter for zipping two streams together.
///
/// The zipped stream waits for both streams to produce an item, and then
/// returns that pair. If an error happens, then that error will be returned
/// immediately. If either stream ends then the zipped stream will also end.
fn zip<S>(self, other: S) -> Zip<Self, S>
where S: Stream<Error = Self::Error>,
Self: Sized,
{
zip::new(self, other)
}
/// Adapter for chaining two stream.
///
/// The resulting stream emits elements from the first stream, and when
/// first stream reaches the end, emits the elements from the second stream.
///
/// ```rust
/// use futures::prelude::*;
/// use futures::stream;
///
/// let stream1 = stream::iter_result(vec![Ok(10), Err(false)]);
/// let stream2 = stream::iter_result(vec![Err(true), Ok(20)]);
/// let mut chain = stream1.chain(stream2).wait();
///
/// assert_eq!(Some(Ok(10)), chain.next());
/// assert_eq!(Some(Err(false)), chain.next());
/// assert_eq!(Some(Err(true)), chain.next());
/// assert_eq!(Some(Ok(20)), chain.next());
/// assert_eq!(None, chain.next());
/// ```
fn chain<S>(self, other: S) -> Chain<Self, S>
where S: Stream<Item = Self::Item, Error = Self::Error>,
Self: Sized
{
chain::new(self, other)
}
/// Creates a new stream which exposes a `peek` method.
///
/// Calling `peek` returns a reference to the next item in the stream.
fn peekable(self) -> Peekable<Self>
where Self: Sized
{
peek::new(self)
}
/// An adaptor for chunking up items of the stream inside a vector.
///
/// This combinator will attempt to pull items from this stream and buffer
/// them into a local vector. At most `capacity` items will get buffered
/// before they're yielded from the returned stream.
///
/// Note that the vectors returned from this iterator may not always have
/// `capacity` elements. If the underlying stream ended and only a partial
/// vector was created, it'll be returned. Additionally if an error happens
/// from the underlying stream then the currently buffered items will be
/// yielded.
///
/// Errors are passed through the stream unbuffered.
///
/// This method is only available when the `use_std` feature of this
/// library is activated, and it is activated by default.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// This method will panic of `capacity` is zero.
#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
fn chunks(self, capacity: usize) -> Chunks<Self>
where Self: Sized
{
chunks::new(self, capacity)
}
/// Creates a stream that selects the next element from either this stream
/// or the provided one, whichever is ready first.
///
/// This combinator will attempt to pull items from both streams. Each
/// stream will be polled in a round-robin fashion, and whenever a stream is
/// ready to yield an item that item is yielded.
///
/// The `select` function is similar to `merge` except that it requires both
/// streams to have the same item and error types.
///
/// Error are passed through from either stream.
fn select<S>(self, other: S) -> Select<Self, S>
where S: Stream<Item = Self::Item, Error = Self::Error>,
Self: Sized,
{
select::new(self, other)
}
/// A future that completes after the given stream has been fully processed
/// into the sink, including flushing.
///
/// This future will drive the stream to keep producing items until it is
/// exhausted, sending each item to the sink. It will complete once both the
/// stream is exhausted, and the sink has fully processed received item,
/// flushed successfully, and closed successfully.
///
/// Doing `stream.forward(sink)` is roughly equivalent to
/// `sink.send_all(stream)`. The returned future will exhaust all items from
/// `self`, sending them all to `sink`. Furthermore the `sink` will be
/// closed and flushed.
///
/// On completion, the pair `(stream, sink)` is returned.
fn forward<S>(self, sink: S) -> Forward<Self, S>
where S: Sink<SinkItem = Self::Item>,
Self::Error: From<S::SinkError>,
Self: Sized
{
forward::new(self, sink)
}
/// Splits this `Stream + Sink` object into separate `Stream` and `Sink`
/// objects.
///
/// This can be useful when you want to split ownership between tasks, or
/// allow direct interaction between the two objects (e.g. via
/// `Sink::send_all`).
///
/// This method is only available when the `use_std` feature of this
/// library is activated, and it is activated by default.
#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
fn split(self) -> (SplitSink<Self>, SplitStream<Self>)
where Self: super::sink::Sink + Sized
{
split::split(self)
}
/// Do something with each item of this stream, afterwards passing it on.
///
/// This is similar to the `Iterator::inspect` method in the standard
/// library where it allows easily inspecting each value as it passes
/// through the stream, for example to debug what's going on.
fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F>
where F: FnMut(&Self::Item),
Self: Sized,
{
inspect::new(self, f)
}
/// Do something with the error of this stream, afterwards passing it on.
///
/// This is similar to the `Stream::inspect` method where it allows
/// easily inspecting the error as it passes through the stream, for
/// example to debug what's going on.
fn inspect_err<F>(self, f: F) -> InspectErr<Self, F>
where F: FnMut(&Self::Error),
Self: Sized,
{
inspect_err::new(self, f)
}
}
impl<'a, S: ?Sized + Stream> Stream for &'a mut S {
type Item = S::Item;
type Error = S::Error;
fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>, Self::Error> {
(**self).poll()
}
}
/// Converts a list of futures into a `Stream` of results from the futures.
///
/// This function will take an list of futures (e.g. a vector, an iterator,
/// etc), and return a stream. The stream will yield items as they become
/// available on the futures internally, in the order that they become
/// available. This function is similar to `buffer_unordered` in that it may
/// return items in a different order than in the list specified.
///
/// Note that the returned set can also be used to dynamically push more
/// futures into the set as they become available.
#[cfg(feature = "use_std")]
pub fn futures_unordered<I>(futures: I) -> FuturesUnordered<<I::Item as IntoFuture>::Future>
where I: IntoIterator,
I::Item: IntoFuture
{
let mut set = FuturesUnordered::new();
for future in futures {
set.push(future.into_future());
}
return set
}