fstool 0.0.4

//! ext inode — typed view + encode/decode.
//!
//! Inode size is fixed at 128 bytes for the v1 writer (matches both
//! `mke2fs -t ext2 -I 128` and good-old-rev). When inode_size > 128 the
//! extra bytes are zeroed by the writer.

use super::constants::{N_BLOCKS, S_IFBLK, S_IFCHR, S_IFDIR, S_IFIFO, S_IFLNK, S_IFREG, S_IFSOCK};

/// Size on disk of the typed-fields portion of an inode (the classic ext2
/// 128-byte layout). Larger inode sizes simply append zeros.
pub const INODE_BASE_SIZE: usize = 128;

/// Decoded inode.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
pub struct Inode {
    pub mode: u16,
    pub uid: u16,
    pub size: u32,
    pub atime: u32,
    pub ctime: u32,
    pub mtime: u32,
    pub dtime: u32,
    pub gid: u16,
    pub links_count: u16,
    /// Count of 512-byte sectors used. Note: this is NOT the FS block count.
    pub blocks_512: u32,
    pub flags: u32,
    pub osd1: u32,
    /// 15 block pointers: 12 direct + 1 indirect + 1 double + 1 triple.
    pub block: [u32; N_BLOCKS],
    pub generation: u32,
    pub file_acl: u32,
    /// For regular files in DYNAMIC_REV without LARGE_FILE: dir_acl. With
    /// LARGE_FILE it holds size_hi. v1 writer keeps files small (≤4 GiB) and
    /// stores 0 here.
    pub size_hi_or_dir_acl: u32,
    pub faddr: u32,
    pub osd2: [u8; 12],
}

impl Inode {
    /// Build an inode for a regular file with the given size and permissions.
    pub fn regular(size: u32, mode_perms: u16, uid: u32, gid: u32, mtime: u32) -> Self {
        Self {
            mode: S_IFREG | (mode_perms & 0o7777),
            uid: (uid & 0xffff) as u16,
            size,
            atime: mtime,
            ctime: mtime,
            mtime,
            dtime: 0,
            gid: (gid & 0xffff) as u16,
            links_count: 1,
            blocks_512: 0,
            flags: 0,
            osd1: 0,
            block: [0; N_BLOCKS],
            generation: 0,
            file_acl: 0,
            size_hi_or_dir_acl: 0,
            faddr: 0,
            osd2: [0; 12],
        }
    }

    /// Build an inode for a directory with the given permissions. The
    /// `size` should be the number of bytes occupied by the directory's
    /// data blocks (one block for a fresh dir).
    pub fn directory(size: u32, mode_perms: u16, uid: u32, gid: u32, mtime: u32) -> Self {
        Self {
            mode: S_IFDIR | (mode_perms & 0o7777),
            uid: (uid & 0xffff) as u16,
            size,
            atime: mtime,
            ctime: mtime,
            mtime,
            dtime: 0,
            gid: (gid & 0xffff) as u16,
            // Will be patched as subdirs add their ".." links pointing here.
            links_count: 2,
            blocks_512: 0,
            flags: 0,
            osd1: 0,
            block: [0; N_BLOCKS],
            generation: 0,
            file_acl: 0,
            size_hi_or_dir_acl: 0,
            faddr: 0,
            osd2: [0; 12],
        }
    }

    /// Build an inode for a symlink. If `target.len() < 60` the writer should
    /// store the target inline in the block array and set blocks_512 to 0; for
    /// longer targets it allocates a data block. The caller decides which.
    pub fn symlink(size: u32, mode_perms: u16, uid: u32, gid: u32, mtime: u32) -> Self {
        Self {
            mode: S_IFLNK | (mode_perms & 0o7777),
            uid: (uid & 0xffff) as u16,
            size,
            atime: mtime,
            ctime: mtime,
            mtime,
            dtime: 0,
            gid: (gid & 0xffff) as u16,
            links_count: 1,
            blocks_512: 0,
            flags: 0,
            osd1: 0,
            block: [0; N_BLOCKS],
            generation: 0,
            file_acl: 0,
            size_hi_or_dir_acl: 0,
            faddr: 0,
            osd2: [0; 12],
        }
    }

    /// Build an inode for a device / fifo / socket. Major/minor are encoded
    /// into `block[0]` using the Linux convention (newer encoding):
    /// `(minor & 0xff) | (major << 8) | ((minor & ~0xff) << 12)`.
    pub fn special(
        kind: SpecialKind,
        major: u32,
        minor: u32,
        mode_perms: u16,
        uid: u32,
        gid: u32,
        mtime: u32,
    ) -> Self {
        let m = match kind {
            SpecialKind::Char => S_IFCHR,
            SpecialKind::Block => S_IFBLK,
            SpecialKind::Fifo => S_IFIFO,
            SpecialKind::Socket => S_IFSOCK,
        };
        let mut block = [0u32; N_BLOCKS];
        if matches!(kind, SpecialKind::Char | SpecialKind::Block) {
            block[0] = encode_devnum(major, minor);
        }
        Self {
            mode: m | (mode_perms & 0o7777),
            uid: (uid & 0xffff) as u16,
            size: 0,
            atime: mtime,
            ctime: mtime,
            mtime,
            dtime: 0,
            gid: (gid & 0xffff) as u16,
            links_count: 1,
            blocks_512: 0,
            flags: 0,
            osd1: 0,
            block,
            generation: 0,
            file_acl: 0,
            size_hi_or_dir_acl: 0,
            faddr: 0,
            osd2: [0; 12],
        }
    }

    /// Encode into the 128-byte on-disk representation.
    pub fn encode(&self) -> [u8; INODE_BASE_SIZE] {
        let mut buf = [0u8; INODE_BASE_SIZE];
        buf[0..2].copy_from_slice(&self.mode.to_le_bytes());
        buf[2..4].copy_from_slice(&self.uid.to_le_bytes());
        buf[4..8].copy_from_slice(&self.size.to_le_bytes());
        buf[8..12].copy_from_slice(&self.atime.to_le_bytes());
        buf[12..16].copy_from_slice(&self.ctime.to_le_bytes());
        buf[16..20].copy_from_slice(&self.mtime.to_le_bytes());
        buf[20..24].copy_from_slice(&self.dtime.to_le_bytes());
        buf[24..26].copy_from_slice(&self.gid.to_le_bytes());
        buf[26..28].copy_from_slice(&self.links_count.to_le_bytes());
        buf[28..32].copy_from_slice(&self.blocks_512.to_le_bytes());
        buf[32..36].copy_from_slice(&self.flags.to_le_bytes());
        buf[36..40].copy_from_slice(&self.osd1.to_le_bytes());
        for (i, b) in self.block.iter().enumerate() {
            let off = 40 + i * 4;
            buf[off..off + 4].copy_from_slice(&b.to_le_bytes());
        }
        // i_block is 15 * 4 = 60 bytes, so the next field is at 40+60=100.
        buf[100..104].copy_from_slice(&self.generation.to_le_bytes());
        buf[104..108].copy_from_slice(&self.file_acl.to_le_bytes());
        buf[108..112].copy_from_slice(&self.size_hi_or_dir_acl.to_le_bytes());
        buf[112..116].copy_from_slice(&self.faddr.to_le_bytes());
        buf[116..128].copy_from_slice(&self.osd2);
        buf
    }

    /// Decode from the 128-byte on-disk representation.
    pub fn decode(buf: &[u8; INODE_BASE_SIZE]) -> Self {
        let mut block = [0u32; N_BLOCKS];
        for (i, slot) in block.iter_mut().enumerate() {
            let off = 40 + i * 4;
            *slot = u32::from_le_bytes(buf[off..off + 4].try_into().unwrap());
        }
        let mut osd2 = [0u8; 12];
        osd2.copy_from_slice(&buf[116..128]);
        Inode {
            mode: u16::from_le_bytes(buf[0..2].try_into().unwrap()),
            uid: u16::from_le_bytes(buf[2..4].try_into().unwrap()),
            size: u32::from_le_bytes(buf[4..8].try_into().unwrap()),
            atime: u32::from_le_bytes(buf[8..12].try_into().unwrap()),
            ctime: u32::from_le_bytes(buf[12..16].try_into().unwrap()),
            mtime: u32::from_le_bytes(buf[16..20].try_into().unwrap()),
            dtime: u32::from_le_bytes(buf[20..24].try_into().unwrap()),
            gid: u16::from_le_bytes(buf[24..26].try_into().unwrap()),
            links_count: u16::from_le_bytes(buf[26..28].try_into().unwrap()),
            blocks_512: u32::from_le_bytes(buf[28..32].try_into().unwrap()),
            flags: u32::from_le_bytes(buf[32..36].try_into().unwrap()),
            osd1: u32::from_le_bytes(buf[36..40].try_into().unwrap()),
            block,
            generation: u32::from_le_bytes(buf[100..104].try_into().unwrap()),
            file_acl: u32::from_le_bytes(buf[104..108].try_into().unwrap()),
            size_hi_or_dir_acl: u32::from_le_bytes(buf[108..112].try_into().unwrap()),
            faddr: u32::from_le_bytes(buf[112..116].try_into().unwrap()),
            osd2,
        }
    }
}

/// Special-file kinds for [`Inode::special`].
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub enum SpecialKind {
    Char,
    Block,
    Fifo,
    Socket,
}

/// Encode a (major, minor) into the Linux "new" device-number layout used
/// in inode `i_block[0]` for character and block devices.
///
/// Layout (matches `makedev(3)` in glibc):
///   bits  0..7   minor[0..8]
///   bits  8..19  major[0..12]
///   bits 20..31  minor[8..20]
pub fn encode_devnum(major: u32, minor: u32) -> u32 {
    (minor & 0xff) | ((major & 0xfff) << 8) | ((minor & 0xfff00) << 12)
}

/// Inverse of [`encode_devnum`]. Pulls `(major, minor)` out of an
/// ext-style devnum word stored in `inode.block[0]`.
pub fn decode_devnum(raw: u32) -> (u32, u32) {
    let major = (raw >> 8) & 0xfff;
    let minor = (raw & 0xff) | ((raw >> 12) & 0xfff00);
    (major, minor)
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn regular_inode_roundtrip() {
        let ino = Inode::regular(12345, 0o644, 1000, 1000, 0xdeadbeef);
        let buf = ino.encode();
        let decoded = Inode::decode(&buf);
        assert_eq!(decoded.mode, ino.mode);
        assert_eq!(decoded.size, ino.size);
        assert_eq!(decoded.uid, ino.uid);
        assert_eq!(decoded.gid, ino.gid);
        assert_eq!(decoded.mtime, 0xdeadbeef);
        assert_eq!(decoded.links_count, 1);
        assert_eq!(decoded.mode & 0o170000, S_IFREG);
    }

    #[test]
    fn dir_inode_starts_with_two_links() {
        let ino = Inode::directory(1024, 0o755, 0, 0, 0);
        assert_eq!(ino.links_count, 2);
        assert_eq!(ino.mode & 0o170000, S_IFDIR);
    }

    #[test]
    fn devnum_encoding_matches_kernel() {
        // null device: major=1, minor=3 → encoded value
        let v = encode_devnum(1, 3);
        // bits 0..7 = 3, bits 8..19 = 1 = 0x100, so v = 0x103
        assert_eq!(v, 0x103);

        // example with high minor bits
        let v = encode_devnum(8, 0x1234);
        // minor low 8 bits = 0x34, major in 8..19 = 8 << 8 = 0x800
        // minor high (0x1234 & 0xfff00) = 0x1200, shifted left 12 = 0x1200_000
        let expected: u32 = 0x34 | 0x800 | 0x0120_0000;
        assert_eq!(v, expected);
    }
}