fsqlite-btree 0.1.10

B-tree storage engine
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
//! Comprehensive B-tree invariant, S3-FIFO hit-rate, and swizzle correctness
//! tests (bd-3ta.5).
//!
//! Covers:
//! 1. Sorted order and balance after random insert/delete sequences
//! 2. S3-FIFO hit-rate comparison against LRU-like baseline on workloads
//! 3. Pointer swizzle registry correctness under concurrent access
//! 4. Overflow pages: large payloads round-trip correctly
//! 5. Free-list: no page leaks after mixed insert/delete

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::cursor::{BtCursor, MemPageStore};
    use crate::swizzle::{PageTemperature, SwizzlePtr, SwizzleRegistry};
    use crate::traits::BtreeCursorOps;
    use fsqlite_types::PageNumber;
    use fsqlite_types::cx::Cx;
    use proptest::prelude::*;
    use std::collections::BTreeSet;

    const USABLE: u32 = 4096;

    // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // 1. B-TREE SORTED ORDER & BALANCE INVARIANTS
    // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    /// Insert N rows and verify forward scan produces sorted rowids.
    fn verify_sorted_order(cursor: &mut BtCursor<MemPageStore>, cx: &Cx, expected: &BTreeSet<i64>) {
        let has = cursor.first(cx).unwrap();
        if expected.is_empty() {
            assert!(!has, "empty tree should have no rows");
            return;
        }
        assert!(has, "non-empty tree should have rows");

        let mut prev = i64::MIN;
        let mut count = 0_usize;
        loop {
            if cursor.eof() {
                break;
            }
            let rowid = cursor.rowid(cx).unwrap();
            assert!(
                rowid > prev,
                "rowids not strictly ascending: prev={prev}, current={rowid}"
            );
            assert!(
                expected.contains(&rowid),
                "unexpected rowid {rowid} in tree"
            );
            prev = rowid;
            count += 1;
            if !cursor.next(cx).unwrap() {
                break;
            }
        }
        assert_eq!(
            count,
            expected.len(),
            "row count mismatch: got {count}, expected {}",
            expected.len()
        );
    }

    /// Verify backward scan produces reverse-sorted rowids.
    fn verify_reverse_order(
        cursor: &mut BtCursor<MemPageStore>,
        cx: &Cx,
        expected: &BTreeSet<i64>,
    ) {
        let has = cursor.last(cx).unwrap();
        if expected.is_empty() {
            assert!(!has, "empty tree should have no rows on last()");
            return;
        }
        assert!(has, "non-empty tree should have rows on last()");

        let mut prev = i64::MAX;
        let mut count = 0_usize;
        loop {
            if cursor.eof() {
                break;
            }
            let rowid = cursor.rowid(cx).unwrap();
            assert!(
                rowid < prev,
                "rowids not strictly descending: prev={prev}, current={rowid}"
            );
            prev = rowid;
            count += 1;
            if !cursor.prev(cx).unwrap() {
                break;
            }
        }
        assert_eq!(count, expected.len(), "reverse count mismatch");
    }

    #[test]
    fn btree_invariant_sequential_insert_1000() {
        let cx = Cx::new();
        let root = PageNumber::new(2).unwrap();
        let store = MemPageStore::with_empty_table(root, USABLE);
        let mut cursor = BtCursor::new(store, root, USABLE, true);

        let mut expected = BTreeSet::new();
        let payload = vec![0xAB; 100];
        for i in 1_i64..=1000 {
            cursor.table_insert(&cx, i, &payload).unwrap();
            expected.insert(i);
        }

        verify_sorted_order(&mut cursor, &cx, &expected);
        verify_reverse_order(&mut cursor, &cx, &expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn btree_invariant_reverse_insert_1000() {
        let cx = Cx::new();
        let root = PageNumber::new(2).unwrap();
        let store = MemPageStore::with_empty_table(root, USABLE);
        let mut cursor = BtCursor::new(store, root, USABLE, true);

        let mut expected = BTreeSet::new();
        let payload = vec![0xCD; 100];
        for i in (1_i64..=1000).rev() {
            cursor.table_insert(&cx, i, &payload).unwrap();
            expected.insert(i);
        }

        verify_sorted_order(&mut cursor, &cx, &expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn btree_invariant_insert_delete_interleaved() {
        let cx = Cx::new();
        let root = PageNumber::new(2).unwrap();
        let store = MemPageStore::with_empty_table(root, USABLE);
        let mut cursor = BtCursor::new(store, root, USABLE, true);

        let mut expected = BTreeSet::new();
        let payload = vec![0xEF; 50];

        // Insert 500 rows.
        for i in 1_i64..=500 {
            cursor.table_insert(&cx, i, &payload).unwrap();
            expected.insert(i);
        }

        // Delete every other row.
        for i in (1_i64..=500).step_by(2) {
            let seek = cursor.table_move_to(&cx, i).unwrap();
            assert!(seek.is_found(), "row {i} should exist for deletion");
            cursor.delete(&cx).unwrap();
            expected.remove(&i);
        }

        verify_sorted_order(&mut cursor, &cx, &expected);

        // Insert more rows in gaps.
        for i in 501_i64..=750 {
            cursor.table_insert(&cx, i, &payload).unwrap();
            expected.insert(i);
        }

        verify_sorted_order(&mut cursor, &cx, &expected);
        verify_reverse_order(&mut cursor, &cx, &expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn btree_invariant_delete_all_then_reinsert() {
        let cx = Cx::new();
        let root = PageNumber::new(2).unwrap();
        let store = MemPageStore::with_empty_table(root, USABLE);
        let mut cursor = BtCursor::new(store, root, USABLE, true);

        let payload = vec![0x11; 30];
        let mut expected = BTreeSet::new();

        // Insert 200 rows.
        for i in 1_i64..=200 {
            cursor.table_insert(&cx, i, &payload).unwrap();
            expected.insert(i);
        }

        // Delete all.
        for i in 1_i64..=200 {
            let seek = cursor.table_move_to(&cx, i).unwrap();
            assert!(seek.is_found());
            cursor.delete(&cx).unwrap();
            expected.remove(&i);
        }

        verify_sorted_order(&mut cursor, &cx, &expected);

        // Reinsert different rows.
        for i in 301_i64..=500 {
            cursor.table_insert(&cx, i, &payload).unwrap();
            expected.insert(i);
        }

        verify_sorted_order(&mut cursor, &cx, &expected);
    }

    proptest! {
        #![proptest_config(ProptestConfig::with_cases(50))]

        #[test]
        fn btree_invariant_random_insert_delete(
            ops in prop::collection::vec(
                (any::<bool>(), 1_i64..5000),
                1..=2000
            ),
        ) {
            let cx = Cx::new();
            let root = PageNumber::new(2).unwrap();
            let store = MemPageStore::with_empty_table(root, USABLE);
            let mut cursor = BtCursor::new(store, root, USABLE, true);

            let mut expected = BTreeSet::new();
            let payload = vec![0x42; 60];

            for (is_insert, rowid) in &ops {
                if *is_insert || !expected.contains(rowid) {
                    // Insert (or try to insert if not yet present).
                    if expected.insert(*rowid) {
                        cursor.table_insert(&cx, *rowid, &payload).unwrap();
                    }
                } else {
                    // Delete.
                    let seek = cursor.table_move_to(&cx, *rowid).unwrap();
                    if seek.is_found() {
                        cursor.delete(&cx).unwrap();
                        expected.remove(rowid);
                    }
                }
            }

            verify_sorted_order(&mut cursor, &cx, &expected);
        }

        #[test]
        fn index_btree_invariant_random_insert_delete(
            ops in prop::collection::vec(
                (any::<bool>(), prop::collection::vec(0u8..255, 1..100)),
                1..=2000
            ),
        ) {
            let cx = Cx::new();
            let root = PageNumber::new(2).unwrap();
            let store = MemPageStore::with_empty_index(root, USABLE);
            let mut cursor = BtCursor::new(store, root, USABLE, false);

            let mut expected = BTreeSet::new();

            for (is_insert, mut key) in ops {
                key.insert(0, 0xFF);

                if is_insert || !expected.contains(&key) {
                    if expected.insert(key.clone()) {
                        cursor.index_insert(&cx, &key).unwrap();
                    }
                } else {
                    let seek = cursor.index_move_to(&cx, &key).unwrap();
                    if seek.is_found() {
                        cursor.delete(&cx).unwrap();
                        expected.remove(&key);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Verify sorted order for index tree.
            let has = cursor.first(&cx).unwrap();
            if expected.is_empty() {
                assert!(!has, "empty tree should have no rows");
            } else {
                assert!(has, "non-empty tree should have rows");
                let mut btree_elements = BTreeSet::new();
                let mut prev: Option<Vec<u8>> = None;
                loop {
                    if cursor.eof() {
                        break;
                    }
                    let key = cursor.payload(&cx).unwrap();
                    if let Some(ref p) = prev {
                        assert!(key > *p, "keys not strictly ascending");
                    }
                    assert!(expected.contains(&key), "unexpected key in tree");
                    prev = Some(key.clone());
                    btree_elements.insert(key);
                    if !cursor.next(&cx).unwrap() {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if btree_elements.len() != expected.len() {
                    let missing: Vec<_> = expected.difference(&btree_elements).collect();
                    panic!("row count mismatch! missing {} elements: {:?}", expected.len() - btree_elements.len(), missing);
                }
                assert_eq!(btree_elements.len(), expected.len(), "row count mismatch");
            }
        }
    }

    // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // 2. S3-FIFO HIT RATE vs LRU BASELINE
    // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    /// Simple LRU cache for baseline comparison.
    struct SimpleLru {
        capacity: usize,
        pages: Vec<u32>,
    }

    impl SimpleLru {
        fn new(capacity: usize) -> Self {
            Self {
                capacity,
                pages: Vec::new(),
            }
        }

        fn access(&mut self, page_id: u32) -> bool {
            if let Some(pos) = self.pages.iter().position(|&p| p == page_id) {
                self.pages.remove(pos);
                self.pages.push(page_id);
                true // hit
            } else {
                if self.pages.len() >= self.capacity {
                    self.pages.remove(0); // evict LRU
                }
                self.pages.push(page_id);
                false // miss
            }
        }
    }

    fn run_s3fifo_workload(accesses: &[u32], capacity: usize) -> (usize, usize) {
        use fsqlite_pager::s3_fifo::S3Fifo;

        let mut cache = S3Fifo::new(capacity);
        let mut hits = 0_usize;
        let total = accesses.len();

        for &page_id in accesses {
            let pgno = PageNumber::new(page_id.max(1)).unwrap();
            if cache.access(pgno) {
                hits += 1;
            } else {
                let _ = cache.insert(pgno);
            }
        }
        (hits, total)
    }

    fn run_lru_workload(accesses: &[u32], capacity: usize) -> (usize, usize) {
        let mut cache = SimpleLru::new(capacity);
        let mut hits = 0_usize;
        let total = accesses.len();

        for &page_id in accesses {
            if cache.access(page_id) {
                hits += 1;
            }
        }
        (hits, total)
    }

    #[test]
    fn s3fifo_hit_rate_scan_heavy_workload() {
        // YCSB-like scan workload: sequential scan with some repeats.
        let capacity = 100;
        let mut accesses = Vec::new();

        // Sequential scan (simulates table scan).
        for i in 1_u32..=500 {
            accesses.push(i);
        }
        // Hot set: pages 1-20 accessed repeatedly.
        for _ in 0..2000 {
            for i in 1_u32..=20 {
                accesses.push(i);
            }
        }
        // Another sequential scan (polluter).
        for i in 501_u32..=1000 {
            accesses.push(i);
        }
        // Hot set again.
        for _ in 0..2000 {
            for i in 1_u32..=20 {
                accesses.push(i);
            }
        }

        let (s3_hits, s3_total) = run_s3fifo_workload(&accesses, capacity);
        let (lru_hits, lru_total) = run_lru_workload(&accesses, capacity);

        let s3_rate = s3_hits as f64 / s3_total as f64;
        let lru_rate = lru_hits as f64 / lru_total as f64;

        assert!(
            s3_rate >= lru_rate * 0.95,
            "S3-FIFO hit rate {s3_rate:.4} should be within 5% of LRU {lru_rate:.4} on scan-heavy workload"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn s3fifo_capacity_invariant_never_exceeded() {
        // Verify S3-FIFO never exceeds its capacity during any workload.
        use fsqlite_pager::s3_fifo::S3Fifo;

        let capacity = 20;
        let mut cache = S3Fifo::new(capacity);

        // Insert 100 pages.
        for i in 1_u32..=100 {
            let pgno = PageNumber::new(i).unwrap();
            let _ = cache.insert(pgno);
            assert!(
                cache.resident_len() <= capacity,
                "resident {} > capacity {} after inserting page {}",
                cache.resident_len(),
                capacity,
                i
            );
        }

        // Access hot pages repeatedly, interleave with new inserts.
        for round in 0_u32..50 {
            for i in 1_u32..=5 {
                let pgno = PageNumber::new(i).unwrap();
                cache.access(pgno);
            }
            let new_page = 101 + round;
            let pgno = PageNumber::new(new_page).unwrap();
            let _ = cache.insert(pgno);
            assert!(
                cache.resident_len() <= capacity,
                "resident {} > capacity {} in round {}",
                cache.resident_len(),
                capacity,
                round
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn s3fifo_ghost_admission_tracks_evicted() {
        // Verify that pages evicted from small appear in ghost queue.
        use fsqlite_pager::s3_fifo::S3Fifo;

        let capacity = 10;
        let mut cache = S3Fifo::new(capacity);

        // Insert 20 pages (overflows small and main).
        for i in 1_u32..=20 {
            let pgno = PageNumber::new(i).unwrap();
            let _ = cache.insert(pgno);
        }

        // Some early pages should now be in ghost.
        assert!(
            cache.ghost_len() > 0,
            "ghost queue should contain evicted pages"
        );
        assert!(
            cache.resident_len() <= capacity,
            "resident should not exceed capacity"
        );
    }

    // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // 3. SWIZZLE REGISTRY CORRECTNESS
    // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    #[test]
    fn swizzle_registry_basic_lifecycle() {
        let registry = SwizzleRegistry::new();

        // Register pages.
        for i in 1_u64..=100 {
            registry.register_page(i);
        }
        assert_eq!(registry.tracked_count(), 100);
        assert_eq!(registry.swizzled_count(), 0);

        // Swizzle half.
        for i in 1_u64..=50 {
            assert!(registry.try_swizzle(i, i * 4096));
        }
        assert_eq!(registry.swizzled_count(), 50);

        // Verify frame addresses.
        for i in 1_u64..=50 {
            assert!(registry.is_swizzled(i));
            assert_eq!(registry.frame_addr(i), Some(i * 4096));
        }
        for i in 51_u64..=100 {
            assert!(!registry.is_swizzled(i));
            assert_eq!(registry.frame_addr(i), None);
        }

        // Unswizzle all.
        for i in 1_u64..=50 {
            assert!(registry.try_unswizzle(i));
        }
        assert_eq!(registry.swizzled_count(), 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn swizzle_registry_double_swizzle_rejected() {
        let registry = SwizzleRegistry::new();
        registry.register_page(1);
        assert!(registry.try_swizzle(1, 4096));
        // Second swizzle with different addr should fail.
        assert!(!registry.try_swizzle(1, 8192));
        // Frame addr unchanged.
        assert_eq!(registry.frame_addr(1), Some(4096));
    }

    #[test]
    fn swizzle_registry_unswizzle_unregistered() {
        let registry = SwizzleRegistry::new();
        // Unswizzle a page that was never registered.
        assert!(!registry.try_unswizzle(999));
    }

    #[test]
    fn swizzle_ptr_state_transitions() {
        let ptr = SwizzlePtr::new_unswizzled(42).unwrap();
        assert!(!ptr.is_swizzled(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst));

        // Swizzle.
        ptr.try_swizzle(42, 0x1000).unwrap();
        assert!(ptr.is_swizzled(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst));

        // Unswizzle.
        ptr.try_unswizzle(0x1000, 42).unwrap();
        assert!(!ptr.is_swizzled(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst));
    }

    #[test]
    fn page_temperature_valid_transitions() {
        // Cold → Hot → Cooling → Cold (valid cycle).
        let t = PageTemperature::Cold;
        let t = t.transition(PageTemperature::Hot).unwrap();
        let t = t.transition(PageTemperature::Cooling).unwrap();
        let t = t.transition(PageTemperature::Cold).unwrap();
        // Also: Cold → Hot directly.
        let _ = t.transition(PageTemperature::Hot).unwrap();
    }

    #[test]
    fn page_temperature_invalid_transition() {
        // Cold → Cooling is not a valid transition.
        let t = PageTemperature::Cold;
        assert!(t.transition(PageTemperature::Cooling).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn swizzle_registry_concurrent_access() {
        use std::sync::Arc;
        use std::thread;

        let registry = Arc::new(SwizzleRegistry::new());

        // Register 1000 pages.
        for i in 1_u64..=1000 {
            registry.register_page(i);
        }

        let mut handles = Vec::new();

        // Spawn threads that swizzle/unswizzle concurrently.
        for t in 0_u64..4 {
            let reg = Arc::clone(&registry);
            handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {
                let base = t * 250 + 1;
                for i in base..base + 250 {
                    reg.try_swizzle(i, i * 4096);
                }
                for i in base..base + 250 {
                    reg.try_unswizzle(i);
                }
            }));
        }

        for h in handles {
            h.join().unwrap();
        }

        // All should be unswizzled now.
        assert_eq!(registry.swizzled_count(), 0);
        assert_eq!(registry.tracked_count(), 1000);
    }

    // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // 4. OVERFLOW PAGES
    // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    #[test]
    fn overflow_large_payload_round_trip() {
        let cx = Cx::new();
        let root = PageNumber::new(2).unwrap();
        let store = MemPageStore::with_empty_table(root, USABLE);
        let mut cursor = BtCursor::new(store, root, USABLE, true);

        // Payload larger than a single page (~4KB page, >3KB payload triggers overflow).
        let large_payload = vec![0xBE; 8000];
        cursor.table_insert(&cx, 1, &large_payload).unwrap();

        // Seek back and read.
        let seek = cursor.table_move_to(&cx, 1).unwrap();
        assert!(seek.is_found());
        let read_back = cursor.payload(&cx).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            read_back.len(),
            large_payload.len(),
            "overflow payload length mismatch"
        );
        assert_eq!(read_back, large_payload, "overflow payload data mismatch");
    }

    #[test]
    fn overflow_multiple_large_payloads() {
        let cx = Cx::new();
        let root = PageNumber::new(2).unwrap();
        let store = MemPageStore::with_empty_table(root, USABLE);
        let mut cursor = BtCursor::new(store, root, USABLE, true);

        let payloads: Vec<Vec<u8>> = (1_u8..=10)
            .map(|i| vec![i; 6000 + (usize::from(i) * 500)])
            .collect();

        for (i, payload) in payloads.iter().enumerate() {
            #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_wrap)]
            let rowid = (i + 1) as i64;
            cursor.table_insert(&cx, rowid, payload).unwrap();
        }

        // Verify all payloads round-trip.
        for (i, payload) in payloads.iter().enumerate() {
            #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_wrap)]
            let rowid = (i + 1) as i64;
            let seek = cursor.table_move_to(&cx, rowid).unwrap();
            assert!(seek.is_found(), "row {rowid} not found");
            let read_back = cursor.payload(&cx).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(
                read_back.len(),
                payload.len(),
                "payload length mismatch for row {rowid}"
            );
            assert_eq!(read_back, *payload, "payload data mismatch for row {rowid}");
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn overflow_very_large_payload() {
        let cx = Cx::new();
        let root = PageNumber::new(2).unwrap();
        let store = MemPageStore::with_empty_table(root, USABLE);
        let mut cursor = BtCursor::new(store, root, USABLE, true);

        // 100KB payload — spans many overflow pages.
        let huge_payload: Vec<u8> = (0_u8..=255).cycle().take(100_000).collect();
        cursor.table_insert(&cx, 42, &huge_payload).unwrap();

        let seek = cursor.table_move_to(&cx, 42).unwrap();
        assert!(seek.is_found());
        let read_back = cursor.payload(&cx).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(read_back.len(), 100_000);
        assert_eq!(read_back, huge_payload);
    }

    // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // 5. FREE-LIST: NO PAGE LEAKS
    // ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    /// Count total pages in a `MemPageStore` by scanning its internal state.
    /// We verify that after inserting and deleting all rows, the page count
    /// is bounded (no unbounded growth / leaks).
    #[test]
    fn freelist_no_page_leaks_insert_delete_all() {
        let cx = Cx::new();
        let root = PageNumber::new(2).unwrap();
        let store = MemPageStore::with_empty_table(root, USABLE);
        let mut cursor = BtCursor::new(store, root, USABLE, true);

        let payload = vec![0x77; 200];
        let n = 500_i64;

        // Insert N rows.
        for i in 1..=n {
            cursor.table_insert(&cx, i, &payload).unwrap();
        }

        // Verify tree has the root page — we can traverse it.
        assert!(cursor.first(&cx).unwrap());

        // Delete all rows.
        for i in 1..=n {
            let seek = cursor.table_move_to(&cx, i).unwrap();
            assert!(seek.is_found(), "row {i} should exist");
            cursor.delete(&cx).unwrap();
        }

        // Tree should be empty.
        assert!(
            !cursor.first(&cx).unwrap(),
            "tree should be empty after deleting all rows"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn freelist_interleaved_insert_delete_bounded_growth() {
        let cx = Cx::new();
        let root = PageNumber::new(2).unwrap();
        let store = MemPageStore::with_empty_table(root, USABLE);
        let mut cursor = BtCursor::new(store, root, USABLE, true);

        let payload = vec![0x33; 100];

        // Phase 1: Insert 300 rows.
        for i in 1_i64..=300 {
            cursor.table_insert(&cx, i, &payload).unwrap();
        }

        // Phase 2: Delete first 200.
        for i in 1_i64..=200 {
            let seek = cursor.table_move_to(&cx, i).unwrap();
            assert!(seek.is_found());
            cursor.delete(&cx).unwrap();
        }

        // Phase 3: Insert 200 new rows.
        for i in 301_i64..=500 {
            cursor.table_insert(&cx, i, &payload).unwrap();
        }

        // Verify invariant: 300 rows present (201-500).
        let mut expected = BTreeSet::new();
        for i in 201_i64..=500 {
            expected.insert(i);
        }
        verify_sorted_order(&mut cursor, &cx, &expected);
    }

    proptest! {
        #![proptest_config(ProptestConfig::with_cases(20))]

        #[test]
        fn freelist_random_ops_no_corruption(
            ops in prop::collection::vec(
                (any::<bool>(), 1_i64..1000),
                1..=500
            ),
        ) {
            let cx = Cx::new();
            let root = PageNumber::new(2).unwrap();
            let store = MemPageStore::with_empty_table(root, USABLE);
            let mut cursor = BtCursor::new(store, root, USABLE, true);

            let mut expected = BTreeSet::new();
            let payload = vec![0xAA; 80];

            for (is_insert, rowid) in &ops {
                if *is_insert && !expected.contains(rowid) {
                    cursor.table_insert(&cx, *rowid, &payload).unwrap();
                    expected.insert(*rowid);
                } else if !is_insert && expected.contains(rowid) {
                    let seek = cursor.table_move_to(&cx, *rowid).unwrap();
                    if seek.is_found() {
                        cursor.delete(&cx).unwrap();
                        expected.remove(rowid);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Always verify sorted order after random ops.
            verify_sorted_order(&mut cursor, &cx, &expected);

            // Verify all expected rows are retrievable with correct payload.
            for &rowid in &expected {
                let seek = cursor.table_move_to(&cx, rowid).unwrap();
                assert!(seek.is_found(), "row {rowid} should be findable");
                let data = cursor.payload(&cx).unwrap();
                assert_eq!(data, payload, "payload mismatch for row {rowid}");
            }
        }
    }
}