// **Layer** compositing: a full-screen quad samples the layer's already-rendered
// texture and recomposes it at the group opacity, with clipping. The sample is
// already linear, the texture being sRGB, so nothing is converted back.
//
// A layer may also carry a **colour filter** and a **mask**, and those are applied
// here, between the sample and the composite. Both are defined on sRGB-encoded,
// straight-alpha values — the space colours are authored in — so the fragment
// un-premultiplies, converts to sRGB, filters, and puts it all back. With no filter
// that round trip is skipped entirely and the output is what it always was.
//
// The third effect, the image filter, is not here: it needs a pixel's neighbours,
// so it runs as a separate pre-pass over the layer texture before this one samples
// it (see `fx.wgsl`).
struct Viewport {
size: vec2<f32>,
};
@group(0) @binding(0)
var<uniform> viewport: Viewport;
@group(1) @binding(0)
var tex: texture_2d<f32>;
@group(1) @binding(1)
var samp: sampler;
// The clip mask (ClipPath): the path rendered in white; solid white otherwise.
@group(1) @binding(2)
var mask: texture_2d<f32>;
// The layer's colour filter and shader mask. Per layer rather than per instance
// because a colour matrix alone is twenty numbers, and vertex attributes are a
// scarcer resource than a uniform slice: each layer already has its own bind group
// for its texture, so this rides along at no extra cost.
struct FilterParams {
// (colour kind, mask kind, colour blend, mask blend). Colour kind: 0 none,
// 1 matrix, 2 a colour blended in. Mask kind: 0 none, 1 linear, 2 radial.
flags: vec4<f32>,
// The colour matrix, row by row, then the constant column.
m0: vec4<f32>,
m1: vec4<f32>,
m2: vec4<f32>,
m3: vec4<f32>,
m4: vec4<f32>,
// The colour of a `Mode` colour fx.
mode_color: vec4<f32>,
// Linear: (from.x, from.y, to.x, to.y). Radial: (center.x, center.y, radius, _).
mask_geom: vec4<f32>,
mask_c0: vec4<f32>,
mask_c1: vec4<f32>,
// (blend mode + 1, _, _, _): how the layer meets what is under it; 0 paints it over
// (milestone 646).
blend: vec4<f32>,
};
@group(1) @binding(3)
var<uniform> fx: FilterParams;
// What is painted under the layer, for a layer that blends with it: a copy of the
// target so far. Opaque white for every other layer, and never read by them.
@group(1) @binding(4)
var under_tex: texture_2d<f32>;
struct VertexInput {
@location(0) unit_pos: vec2<f32>,
};
struct InstanceInput {
@location(1) clip: vec4<f32>, // x, y, width, height (px)
@location(2) inv_lin: vec4<f32>, // affine inverse, linear part: ia, ib, ic, id
@location(3) inv_tr_op: vec4<f32>, // ie, if, opacity, _
@location(4) shape: vec4<f32>, // kind (0=rect,1=rrect,2=oval), _, _, _
@location(5) radii: vec4<f32>, // rrect radii: tl, tr, br, bl
@location(6) region: vec4<f32>, // where the texture lies: x, y, width, height (px)
};
struct VertexOutput {
@builtin(position) clip_position: vec4<f32>,
@location(0) uv: vec2<f32>,
@location(1) frag_px: vec2<f32>,
@location(2) @interpolate(flat) clip: vec4<f32>,
@location(3) @interpolate(flat) opacity: f32,
@location(4) @interpolate(flat) inv_lin: vec4<f32>,
@location(5) @interpolate(flat) inv_tr: vec2<f32>,
@location(6) @interpolate(flat) shape: vec4<f32>,
@location(7) @interpolate(flat) radii: vec4<f32>,
@location(8) @interpolate(flat) region: vec4<f32>,
};
@vertex
fn vs_main(vert: VertexInput, inst: InstanceInput) -> VertexOutput {
// The unit quad covers the layer's **region** (milestone 610): the whole target for a
// layer that may draw anywhere, only its clip for one that may not. Outside the region
// there is nothing of the layer, so nothing to shade. `uv` stays the target's, which is
// what the full-target clip mask is read in.
let px = inst.region.xy + vert.unit_pos * inst.region.zw;
let unit = px / viewport.size;
let ndc = vec2<f32>(unit.x * 2.0 - 1.0, 1.0 - unit.y * 2.0);
var out: VertexOutput;
out.clip_position = vec4<f32>(ndc, 0.0, 1.0);
out.uv = unit;
out.frag_px = px;
out.region = inst.region;
out.clip = inst.clip;
out.opacity = inst.inv_tr_op.z;
out.inv_lin = inst.inv_lin;
out.inv_tr = inst.inv_tr_op.xy;
out.shape = inst.shape;
out.radii = inst.radii;
return out;
}
// Signed distance to a rounded rectangle centred at the origin, of half-size
// `half` and radius `r`: negative inside, positive outside. The basis of rounded
// corners.
fn sd_rounded_box(p: vec2<f32>, half: vec2<f32>, r: f32) -> f32 {
let q = abs(p) - half + vec2<f32>(r, r);
return length(max(q, vec2<f32>(0.0, 0.0))) + min(max(q.x, q.y), 0.0) - r;
}
// The corner radius matching `p`'s quadrant (centred, y pointing down).
// radii = (tl, tr, br, bl).
fn corner_radius(p: vec2<f32>, radii: vec4<f32>) -> f32 {
if (p.x < 0.0) {
return select(radii.w, radii.x, p.y < 0.0); // left: top → tl, bottom → bl
}
return select(radii.z, radii.y, p.y < 0.0); // right: top → tr, bottom → br
}
// linear -> sRGB. The inverse of what the sampler already did for us; needed
// because the filters below are defined on the encoded values, not on light.
fn linear_to_srgb(c: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
let lower = c * 12.92;
let higher = 1.055 * pow(max(c, vec3<f32>(0.0)), vec3<f32>(1.0 / 2.4)) - 0.055;
return select(higher, lower, c <= vec3<f32>(0.0031308));
}
fn srgb_to_linear(c: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
let lower = c / 12.92;
let higher = pow((c + vec3<f32>(0.055)) / 1.055, vec3<f32>(2.4));
return select(higher, lower, c <= vec3<f32>(0.04045));
}
// The ends of a channel, give or take far less than one 8-bit step: a value read back
// from an sRGB target is decoded and encoded again, and 1.0 comes back as 0.99999. The
// dodge and the burn turn on those ends exactly (milestone 646).
const EDGE: f32 = 1e-4;
// One channel of a separable blend, on **straight** values.
fn separable(sc: f32, dc: f32, mode: u32) -> f32 {
if (mode == 13u) { // Multiply
return sc * dc;
} else if (mode == 14u) { // Screen
return sc + dc - sc * dc;
} else if (mode == 15u) { // Overlay: Hard-light with the roles swapped
if (dc <= 0.5) {
return 2.0 * sc * dc;
}
return 1.0 - 2.0 * (1.0 - sc) * (1.0 - dc);
} else if (mode == 16u) { // Darken
return min(sc, dc);
} else if (mode == 17u) { // Lighten
return max(sc, dc);
} else if (mode == 19u) { // ColorDodge
if (dc <= EDGE) {
return 0.0;
}
if (sc >= 1.0 - EDGE) {
return 1.0;
}
return min(1.0, dc / (1.0 - sc));
} else if (mode == 20u) { // ColorBurn
if (dc >= 1.0 - EDGE) {
return 1.0;
}
if (sc <= EDGE) {
return 0.0;
}
return 1.0 - min(1.0, (1.0 - dc) / sc);
} else if (mode == 21u) { // HardLight: Overlay with the roles swapped
if (sc <= 0.5) {
return 2.0 * sc * dc;
}
return 1.0 - 2.0 * (1.0 - sc) * (1.0 - dc);
} else if (mode == 22u) { // SoftLight
if (sc <= 0.5) {
return dc - (1.0 - 2.0 * sc) * dc * (1.0 - dc);
}
var d = sqrt(dc);
if (dc <= 0.25) {
d = ((16.0 * dc - 12.0) * dc + 4.0) * dc;
}
return dc + (2.0 * sc - 1.0) * (d - dc);
} else if (mode == 23u) { // Difference
return abs(sc - dc);
}
return sc + dc - 2.0 * sc * dc; // 24 Exclusion
}
// The non-separable modes' helpers: luminosity, saturation, and setting each while
// keeping the colour in gamut.
fn lum(c: vec3<f32>) -> f32 {
return dot(c, vec3<f32>(0.3, 0.59, 0.11));
}
fn clip_color(c: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
let l = lum(c);
let n = min(min(c.r, c.g), c.b);
let x = max(max(c.r, c.g), c.b);
var o = c;
if (n < 0.0) {
o = vec3<f32>(l) + (o - vec3<f32>(l)) * l / max(l - n, 1e-6);
}
if (x > 1.0) {
o = vec3<f32>(l) + (o - vec3<f32>(l)) * (1.0 - l) / max(x - l, 1e-6);
}
return o;
}
fn set_lum(c: vec3<f32>, l: f32) -> vec3<f32> {
return clip_color(c + vec3<f32>(l - lum(c)));
}
fn sat(c: vec3<f32>) -> f32 {
return max(max(c.r, c.g), c.b) - min(min(c.r, c.g), c.b);
}
fn set_sat(c: vec3<f32>, s: f32) -> vec3<f32> {
let lo = min(min(c.r, c.g), c.b);
let hi = max(max(c.r, c.g), c.b);
if (hi > lo) {
return (c - vec3<f32>(lo)) * s / (hi - lo);
}
return vec3<f32>(0.0);
}
// One of the four non-separable modes, on **straight** colours.
fn non_separable(sc: vec3<f32>, dc: vec3<f32>, mode: u32) -> vec3<f32> {
if (mode == 25u) { // Hue
return set_lum(set_sat(sc, sat(dc)), lum(dc));
} else if (mode == 26u) { // Saturation
return set_lum(set_sat(dc, sat(sc)), lum(dc));
} else if (mode == 27u) { // Color
return set_lum(sc, lum(dc));
}
return set_lum(dc, lum(sc)); // 28 Luminosity
}
// `src` over `dst` under `mode`, both **premultiplied**. The Porter-Duff modes are
// linear in the premultiplied values, which is why they are one line each; the
// separable modes are not, so they are unpremultiplied first and the standard
// composition is spelled out.
fn blend(src: vec4<f32>, dst: vec4<f32>, mode: u32) -> vec4<f32> {
let sa = src.a;
let da = dst.a;
if (mode == 0u) { return src; } // Src
if (mode == 1u) { return dst; } // Dst
if (mode == 2u) { return src + dst * (1.0 - sa); } // SrcOver
if (mode == 3u) { return dst + src * (1.0 - da); } // DstOver
if (mode == 4u) { return src * da; } // SrcIn
if (mode == 5u) { return dst * sa; } // DstIn
if (mode == 6u) { return src * (1.0 - da); } // SrcOut
if (mode == 7u) { return dst * (1.0 - sa); } // DstOut
if (mode == 8u) { return src * da + dst * (1.0 - sa); } // SrcAtop
if (mode == 9u) { return dst * sa + src * (1.0 - da); } // DstAtop
if (mode == 10u) { // Xor
return src * (1.0 - da) + dst * (1.0 - sa);
}
if (mode == 11u) { // Plus
return min(src + dst, vec4<f32>(1.0));
}
if (mode == 12u) { // Modulate
return src * dst;
}
if (mode == 18u) { // Clear
return vec4<f32>(0.0);
}
// The separable set and the four that are not: unpremultiply, blend, recompose.
let sc = select(src.rgb / sa, vec3<f32>(0.0), sa <= 0.0);
let dc = select(dst.rgb / da, vec3<f32>(0.0), da <= 0.0);
var b: vec3<f32>;
if (mode >= 25u) {
b = non_separable(sc, dc, mode);
} else {
b = vec3<f32>(
separable(sc.r, dc.r, mode),
separable(sc.g, dc.g, mode),
separable(sc.b, dc.b, mode),
);
}
let rgb = (1.0 - da) * src.rgb + (1.0 - sa) * dst.rgb + sa * da * b;
return vec4<f32>(rgb, sa + da - sa * da);
}
// The mask's colour at a screen pixel: a two-stop fade, straight and sRGB-encoded
// like the colours it was authored from.
fn mask_color(p: vec2<f32>, kind: f32) -> vec4<f32> {
var t: f32;
if (kind < 1.5) {
// Linear: the projection of `p` onto the from-to segment, clamped.
let start = fx.mask_geom.xy;
let axis = fx.mask_geom.zw - start;
let len2 = dot(axis, axis);
t = select(dot(p - start, axis) / len2, 0.0, len2 <= 0.0);
} else {
// Radial: the distance from the centre, over the radius.
let center = fx.mask_geom.xy;
let radius = fx.mask_geom.z;
t = select(length(p - center) / radius, 1.0, radius <= 0.0);
}
return mix(fx.mask_c0, fx.mask_c1, clamp(t, 0.0, 1.0));
}
@fragment
fn fs_main(in: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
// The layer transform: the texture holds the content **flat** — untransformed —
// at its screen position. To paint the layer transformed by M we sample at the
// **counter-transformed** position M⁻¹(p), so screen pixel p receives the content
// that, transformed by M, lands on p. With `inv_lin = ia,ib,ic,id` and
// `inv_tr = ie,if`: src = (ia·x + ic·y + ie, ib·x + id·y + if).
let p = in.frag_px;
let src_px = vec2<f32>(
in.inv_lin.x * p.x + in.inv_lin.z * p.y + in.inv_tr.x,
in.inv_lin.y * p.x + in.inv_lin.w * p.y + in.inv_tr.y,
);
// The texture holds the region, from its corner.
let src_uv = (src_px - in.region.xy) / in.region.zw;
// Outside the texture after counter-rotation: nothing, a transparent edge.
let in_bounds = f32(
src_uv.x >= 0.0 && src_uv.x <= 1.0 && src_uv.y >= 0.0 && src_uv.y <= 1.0
);
// Clip coverage, tested on the screen pixel and **inscribed** in `clip`: a hard
// rectangle (kind 0), rounded corners (kind 1) or an ellipse (kind 2). The curved
// shapes are antialiased over roughly 1 px through the signed distance.
let center = in.clip.xy + in.clip.zw * 0.5;
let half = in.clip.zw * 0.5;
let q = in.frag_px - center;
let kind = in.shape.x;
// The rectangular test, shared by a bare rect and a path's **bounds**.
let in_rect = f32(
in.frag_px.x >= in.clip.x
&& in.frag_px.x <= in.clip.x + in.clip.z
&& in.frag_px.y >= in.clip.y
&& in.frag_px.y <= in.clip.y + in.clip.w
);
var clip_cov: f32;
if (kind < 0.5) {
clip_cov = in_rect; // a hard rectangle, the original behaviour
} else if (kind < 1.5) {
// Rounded corners, **per corner**: the quadrant's radius, capped at half the
// smaller dimension.
let r = min(corner_radius(q, in.radii), min(half.x, half.y));
let d = sd_rounded_box(q, half, r);
clip_cov = 1.0 - smoothstep(-0.5, 0.5, d);
} else if (kind < 2.5) {
// The inscribed ellipse: an approximate, gradient-normalised edge distance.
let e = q / max(half, vec2<f32>(1.0, 1.0));
let g = length(e);
let d = (g - 1.0) * min(half.x, half.y);
clip_cov = 1.0 - smoothstep(-0.5, 0.5, d);
} else {
clip_cov = in_rect; // a path: rectangular bounds; the shape comes from the mask
}
// The coverage mask: solid white outside ClipPath → a neutral multiplication.
let mask_a = textureSample(mask, samp, in.uv).a;
let inside_clip = clip_cov * mask_a;
let sample = textureSample(tex, samp, src_uv);
// What is under the layer, read here, ahead of any branch: a blend needs it.
let under = textureSample(under_tex, samp, in.uv);
// The group opacity and every coverage term, as one factor.
let cover = in.opacity * inside_clip * in_bounds;
let color_kind = fx.flags.x;
let mask_kind = fx.flags.y;
let blending = fx.blend.x > 0.5;
if (!blending && color_kind < 0.5 && mask_kind < 0.5) {
// The overwhelmingly common case: no filter at all.
//
// The layer texture is **premultiplied** — it was painted over a transparent
// target, which is what the (SrcAlpha, 1-SrcAlpha) blend leaves behind — so
// scaling both halves by the coverage and letting the target blend with
// (One, 1-SrcAlpha) is the correct "over", with no double-blending inside the
// layer and none at its edge either.
return vec4<f32>(sample.rgb * cover, sample.a * cover);
}
// The layer texture holds premultiplied linear light. The filters are defined on
// straight, sRGB-encoded values, so we go there and come back.
let a = sample.a;
let straight = select(sample.rgb / a, vec3<f32>(0.0), a <= 0.0);
var c = vec4<f32>(linear_to_srgb(straight), a);
if (color_kind > 0.5 && color_kind < 1.5) {
// The 5x4 matrix, on (r, g, b, a, 1).
let v = c;
c = vec4<f32>(
dot(fx.m0, v) + fx.m4.x,
dot(fx.m1, v) + fx.m4.y,
dot(fx.m2, v) + fx.m4.z,
dot(fx.m3, v) + fx.m4.w,
);
c = clamp(c, vec4<f32>(0.0), vec4<f32>(1.0));
} else if (color_kind > 1.5) {
// A colour blended into every pixel.
let src = vec4<f32>(fx.mode_color.rgb * fx.mode_color.a, fx.mode_color.a);
let dst = vec4<f32>(c.rgb * c.a, c.a);
let out = blend(src, dst, u32(fx.flags.z));
c = vec4<f32>(select(out.rgb / out.a, vec3<f32>(0.0), out.a <= 0.0), out.a);
}
if (mask_kind > 0.5) {
let m = mask_color(in.frag_px, mask_kind);
let src = vec4<f32>(m.rgb * m.a, m.a);
let dst = vec4<f32>(c.rgb * c.a, c.a);
let out = blend(src, dst, u32(fx.flags.w));
c = vec4<f32>(select(out.rgb / out.a, vec3<f32>(0.0), out.a <= 0.0), out.a);
}
if (blending) {
// The layer meets what is under it by its mode (milestone 646), both
// premultiplied and sRGB-encoded, as colours are written. The opacity belongs
// to the layer's colour; the clip's edge is coverage, so what the clip leaves
// out keeps what was there. This draw replaces the target, so the result is the
// whole of the pixel.
let s = vec4<f32>(c.rgb * c.a, c.a) * in.opacity;
let ua = under.a;
let us = select(under.rgb / ua, vec3<f32>(0.0), ua <= 0.0);
let d = vec4<f32>(linear_to_srgb(us) * ua, ua);
let r = blend(s, d, u32(round(fx.blend.x)) - 1u);
let o = mix(d, r, inside_clip * in_bounds);
let os = select(o.rgb / o.a, vec3<f32>(0.0), o.a <= 0.0);
let ol = srgb_to_linear(clamp(os, vec3<f32>(0.0), vec3<f32>(1.0)));
return vec4<f32>(ol * o.a, o.a);
}
// Back to premultiplied linear, in the same convention as the fast path above.
let lin = srgb_to_linear(clamp(c.rgb, vec3<f32>(0.0), vec3<f32>(1.0)));
return vec4<f32>(lin * c.a * cover, c.a * cover);
}