fraiseql-core 2.10.0

//! Row-Level Security (RLS) Policy Evaluation
//!
//! This module provides the trait for evaluating RLS rules at runtime.
//!
//! RLS rules are defined in fraiseql.toml at authoring time and compiled into
//! schema.compiled.json. At runtime, the executor evaluates these rules using
//! the `SecurityContext` to determine what rows a user can access.
//!
//! # Architecture
//!
//! ```text
//! fraiseql.toml (authoring)
//!     ├── [[security.policies]]          # Define policies
//!     └── [[security.rules]]             # Define RLS rules
//!     ↓
//! schema.compiled.json (compiled)
//!     ├── "policies": [...]              # Serialized policies
//!     └── "rules": [...]                 # Serialized rules
//!     ↓
//! Executor.execute_regular_query()       # Runtime
//!     ├── SecurityContext (user info)
//!     └── RLSPolicy::evaluate()          # Evaluate rules
//!     ↓
//! WHERE clause composition
//!     └── WhereClause::And([user_where, rls_filter])
//! ```
//!
//! # Example RLS Rules (in fraiseql.toml)
//!
//! ```toml
//! # Users can only read their own posts
//! [[security.rules]]
//! name = "own_posts_only"
//! rule = "user.id == object.author_id"
//! cacheable = true
//! cache_ttl_seconds = 300
//!
//! # Admins can read everything
//! [[security.rules]]
//! name = "admin_can_read_all"
//! rule = "user.roles includes 'admin'"
//! cacheable = false
//! ```
//!
//! # Example RLS Policies (in fraiseql.toml)
//!
//! ```toml
//! [[security.policies]]
//! name = "read_own_posts"
//! type = "rls"
//! rules = ["own_posts_only"]
//! description = "Users can only read their own posts"
//!
//! [[security.policies]]
//! name = "admin_access"
//! type = "rbac"
//! roles = ["admin"]
//! strategy = "any"
//! description = "Admins have full access"
//! ```

use std::sync::Arc;

use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

use crate::{
    db::WhereClause,
    error::{FraiseQLError, Result},
    security::SecurityContext,
    utils::clock::{Clock, SystemClock},
};

/// A WHERE clause that has been evaluated by an RLS policy.
///
/// This type is a compile-time guarantee that the WHERE clause was produced
/// by [`RLSPolicy::evaluate()`] rather than arbitrary user code.
///
/// `RlsWhereClause` can only be constructed within `fraiseql-core` via
/// `RlsWhereClause::new()`, ensuring all instances originate from RLS evaluation.
///
/// # Invariant
///
/// Any value of this type was produced by an [`RLSPolicy`] implementation
/// invoked on a [`SecurityContext`], not by arbitrary caller code. This makes
/// it impossible to accidentally bypass RLS when composing cache keys or
/// building filtered queries.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```no_run
/// // The executor receives an RlsWhereClause after evaluating the policy.
/// // It cannot construct one directly — that would be a compile error.
/// # use fraiseql_core::security::{RLSPolicy, DefaultRLSPolicy, SecurityContext};
/// # let context: SecurityContext = panic!("example");
/// let rls = DefaultRLSPolicy::new();
/// let rls_clause = rls.evaluate(&context, "Post").unwrap();
/// // rls_clause is Option<RlsWhereClause> — proven to have gone through RLS
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct RlsWhereClause {
    inner: WhereClause,
}

impl RlsWhereClause {
    /// Construct from an evaluated WHERE clause.
    ///
    /// `pub(crate)` — only RLS policy implementations within `fraiseql-core`
    /// may construct this type. External callers obtain instances through
    /// [`RLSPolicy::evaluate()`].
    pub(crate) const fn new(inner: WhereClause) -> Self {
        Self { inner }
    }

    /// Borrow the underlying WHERE clause.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn as_where_clause(&self) -> &WhereClause {
        &self.inner
    }

    /// Consume this wrapper and return the underlying WHERE clause.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn into_where_clause(self) -> WhereClause {
        self.inner
    }
}

/// Cache entry for RLS policy decisions with TTL support
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub(crate) struct CacheEntry {
    /// The cached RLS evaluation result
    pub(crate) result:     Option<WhereClause>,
    /// When this cache entry expires (Unix seconds)
    pub(crate) expires_at: u64,
}

/// Row-Level Security (RLS) policy for runtime evaluation.
///
/// Implementations of this trait evaluate compiled RLS rules with the user's
/// `SecurityContext` to determine what rows they can access.
///
/// # Type Safety
///
/// The trait returns `Option<WhereClause>` to support composition:
/// - `None`: No RLS filter (unrestricted access)
/// - `Some(clause)`: Filter to apply to the query
///
/// The executor composes this with user-provided filters via `WhereClause::And()`.
pub trait RLSPolicy: Send + Sync {
    /// Evaluate RLS rules for the given type and security context.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `context` - Security context with user information and permissions
    /// * `type_name` - GraphQL type name being accessed (e.g., "Post", "User")
    ///
    /// # Returns
    ///
    /// - `Ok(Some(clause))`: RLS filter to apply to query (wrapped in [`RlsWhereClause`])
    /// - `Ok(None)`: No RLS filter (full access)
    /// - `Err(e)`: Policy evaluation error (access denied)
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// // Requires: a SecurityContext built from authenticated request metadata.
    /// // See: tests/integration/ for runnable examples.
    /// # use fraiseql_core::security::{RLSPolicy, DefaultRLSPolicy, SecurityContext};
    /// # let context: SecurityContext = panic!("example");
    /// let rls = DefaultRLSPolicy::new();
    /// // filter is Some(RlsWhereClause) wrapping the evaluated WhereClause
    /// let filter = rls.evaluate(&context, "Post").unwrap();
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `FraiseQLError` if the RLS policy evaluation fails.
    fn evaluate(
        &self,
        context: &SecurityContext,
        type_name: &str,
    ) -> Result<Option<RlsWhereClause>>;

    /// Optional: Cache RLS decisions for performance.
    ///
    /// The executor may call this to cache policy decisions per user/type
    /// combination to avoid repeated evaluations.
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `cache_key` - Cache key (typically "`user_id:type_name`")
    /// * `result` - The policy evaluation result to cache
    fn cache_result(&self, _cache_key: &str, _result: &Option<WhereClause>) {
        // Default: no caching. Implementers can override.
    }
}

/// Default RLS policy that enforces tenant isolation and owner-based access.
///
/// This is a reference implementation showing how to build RLS policies.
///
/// Rules:
/// 1. Multi-tenant: Filter to rows matching user's `tenant_id`
/// 2. Admin bypass: Admins can access all rows in their tenant
/// 3. Owner-based: Regular users can only access their own rows (`author_id` == `user_id`)
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct DefaultRLSPolicy {
    /// Enable multi-tenant isolation
    pub enable_tenant_isolation: bool,
    /// Field name for tenant isolation (default: "`tenant_id`")
    pub tenant_field:            String,
    /// Field name for owner-based access (default: "`author_id`")
    pub owner_field:             String,
}

impl DefaultRLSPolicy {
    /// Create a new default RLS policy.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            enable_tenant_isolation: true,
            tenant_field:            "tenant_id".to_string(),
            owner_field:             "author_id".to_string(),
        }
    }

    /// Disable tenant isolation (single-tenant mode).
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn with_single_tenant(mut self) -> Self {
        self.enable_tenant_isolation = false;
        self
    }

    /// Set custom tenant field name.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_tenant_field(mut self, field: String) -> Self {
        self.tenant_field = field;
        self
    }

    /// Set custom owner field name.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_owner_field(mut self, field: String) -> Self {
        self.owner_field = field;
        self
    }
}

impl Default for DefaultRLSPolicy {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

impl RLSPolicy for DefaultRLSPolicy {
    fn evaluate(
        &self,
        context: &SecurityContext,
        _type_name: &str,
    ) -> Result<Option<RlsWhereClause>> {
        // Admins bypass RLS
        if context.is_admin() {
            return Ok(None);
        }

        let mut filters = vec![];

        // Rule 1: Multi-tenant isolation
        if self.enable_tenant_isolation {
            if let Some(ref tenant_id) = context.tenant_id {
                filters.push(WhereClause::Field {
                    path:     vec![self.tenant_field.clone()],
                    operator: crate::db::WhereOperator::Eq,
                    value:    serde_json::json!(tenant_id.clone()),
                });
            }
        }

        // Rule 2: Owner-based access (users can only access their own rows)
        filters.push(WhereClause::Field {
            path:     vec![self.owner_field.clone()],
            operator: crate::db::WhereOperator::Eq,
            value:    serde_json::json!(context.user_id.clone()),
        });

        // Combine all filters with AND and wrap in RlsWhereClause
        let clause = match filters.len() {
            0 => return Ok(None),
            // Reason: `filters.len() == 1` guarantees `.next()` yields `Some`
            1 => filters.into_iter().next().expect("len checked == 1"),
            _ => WhereClause::And(filters),
        };
        Ok(Some(RlsWhereClause::new(clause)))
    }
}

/// No-op RLS policy that allows all access (for testing or fully open APIs).
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct NoRLSPolicy;

impl RLSPolicy for NoRLSPolicy {
    fn evaluate(
        &self,
        _context: &SecurityContext,
        _type_name: &str,
    ) -> Result<Option<RlsWhereClause>> {
        Ok(None)
    }
}

/// Returns a production `SystemClock` wrapped in `Arc<dyn Clock>`.
/// Used as the serde `default` for [`CompiledRLSPolicy::clock`].
fn default_system_clock() -> Arc<dyn Clock> {
    Arc::new(SystemClock)
}

/// Custom RLS policy that can be configured from schema.compiled.json
///
/// This allows schema authors to define RLS rules without writing Rust code.
/// Supports caching of policy evaluation results for performance optimization.
#[derive(Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CompiledRLSPolicy {
    /// RLS rules indexed by type name
    pub rules_by_type: std::collections::HashMap<String, Vec<RLSRule>>,
    /// Default RLS rule if no type-specific rule exists
    pub default_rule:  Option<RLSRule>,
    /// Cache for policy evaluation results (not serialized)
    #[serde(skip)]
    pub(crate) cache:  Arc<parking_lot::RwLock<std::collections::HashMap<String, CacheEntry>>>,
    /// Clock for cache-expiry checks. Injectable for deterministic testing.
    #[serde(skip, default = "default_system_clock")]
    clock:             Arc<dyn Clock>,
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for CompiledRLSPolicy {
    #[cfg_attr(test, mutants::skip)]
    // Reason: diagnostic-only impl — outputs "<cached>" and "<clock>" placeholder
    // strings that no test asserts on; mutations to these literals cannot be killed.
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("CompiledRLSPolicy")
            .field("rules_by_type", &self.rules_by_type)
            .field("default_rule", &self.default_rule)
            .field("cache", &"<cached>")
            .field("clock", &"<clock>")
            .finish()
    }
}

impl CompiledRLSPolicy {
    /// Create a new compiled RLS policy with caching enabled.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new(
        rules_by_type: std::collections::HashMap<String, Vec<RLSRule>>,
        default_rule: Option<RLSRule>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self::new_with_clock(rules_by_type, default_rule, Arc::new(SystemClock))
    }

    /// Create a compiled RLS policy with a custom clock for deterministic testing.
    pub fn new_with_clock(
        rules_by_type: std::collections::HashMap<String, Vec<RLSRule>>,
        default_rule: Option<RLSRule>,
        clock: Arc<dyn Clock>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            rules_by_type,
            default_rule,
            cache: Arc::new(parking_lot::RwLock::new(std::collections::HashMap::new())),
            clock,
        }
    }
}

/// A single RLS rule for a type
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct RLSRule {
    /// Rule name (for debugging)
    pub name:              String,
    /// Expression to evaluate (e.g., "user.id == `object.author_id`")
    pub expression:        String,
    /// Whether this rule result can be cached
    pub cacheable:         bool,
    /// Cache TTL in seconds (if cacheable)
    pub cache_ttl_seconds: Option<u64>,
}

impl RLSPolicy for CompiledRLSPolicy {
    fn evaluate(
        &self,
        context: &SecurityContext,
        type_name: &str,
    ) -> Result<Option<RlsWhereClause>> {
        // Admins bypass all RLS (never cache admin access)
        if context.is_admin() {
            return Ok(None);
        }

        // Find rule for type or use default
        let rule = self
            .rules_by_type
            .get(type_name)
            .and_then(|rules| rules.first())
            .or(self.default_rule.as_ref());

        if let Some(rule) = rule {
            // Check cache for cacheable rules
            let cache_key = if rule.cacheable {
                Some(format!("{}:{}", context.user_id, type_name))
            } else {
                None
            };

            // Try to retrieve from cache (CacheEntry stores raw WhereClause internally)
            if let Some(ref key) = cache_key {
                let cache = self.cache.read();
                if let Some(entry) = cache.get(key) {
                    if self.clock.now_secs() < entry.expires_at {
                        // Re-wrap: the cached clause originated from RLS evaluation
                        return Ok(entry.result.clone().map(RlsWhereClause::new));
                    }
                }
                drop(cache);
            }

            // Evaluate the RLS expression and generate WHERE clause
            let result: Option<WhereClause> = evaluate_rls_expression(&rule.expression, context)?;

            // Cache the raw WhereClause for reuse
            if let Some(key) = cache_key {
                if let Some(ttl_secs) = rule.cache_ttl_seconds {
                    let expires_at = self.clock.now_secs() + ttl_secs;
                    let entry = CacheEntry {
                        result: result.clone(),
                        expires_at,
                    };
                    let mut cache = self.cache.write();
                    cache.insert(key, entry);
                }
            }

            Ok(result.map(RlsWhereClause::new))
        } else {
            Ok(None)
        }
    }

    fn cache_result(&self, cache_key: &str, result: &Option<WhereClause>) {
        // Direct cache storage with default TTL of 300 seconds
        let expires_at = self.clock.now_secs() + 300;
        let entry = CacheEntry {
            result: result.clone(),
            expires_at,
        };
        let mut cache = self.cache.write();
        cache.insert(cache_key.to_string(), entry);
    }
}

/// Helper function to evaluate RLS expressions
///
/// Supports simple expressions like:
/// - `user.id == object.author_id` - Equality comparison
/// - `user.roles includes 'admin'` - Role/array membership
/// - `user.tenant_id == object.tenant_id` - Tenant isolation
///
/// In production, consider using:
/// - Rhai for dynamic expression evaluation
/// - WASM for sandboxed custom policies
/// - A domain-specific language (DSL)
fn evaluate_rls_expression(
    expression: &str,
    context: &SecurityContext,
) -> Result<Option<WhereClause>> {
    let expr = expression.trim();

    // Pattern 1: Simple equality - "user.id == object.field_name"
    if let Some(eq_parts) = expr.split_once("==") {
        let left = eq_parts.0.trim();
        let right = eq_parts.1.trim();

        // Left side: user.{field}
        if let Some(user_field) = left.strip_prefix("user.") {
            let user_value = extract_user_value(user_field, context);

            // Right side: object.{field} or literal
            if let Some(object_field) = right.strip_prefix("object.") {
                // Return a field comparison filter
                return Ok(Some(WhereClause::Field {
                    path:     vec![object_field.to_string()],
                    operator: crate::db::WhereOperator::Eq,
                    value:    user_value.unwrap_or(serde_json::Value::Null),
                }));
            } else if serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(right).is_ok() {
                // Literal value comparison
                return Ok(Some(WhereClause::Field {
                    path:     vec!["_literal_".to_string()],
                    operator: crate::db::WhereOperator::Eq,
                    value:    serde_json::json!(user_value),
                }));
            }
        }
    }

    // Pattern 2: Membership test - "user.roles includes 'admin'"
    if expr.contains("includes") {
        if let Some(includes_parts) = expr.split_once("includes") {
            let left = includes_parts.0.trim();
            let right = includes_parts.1.trim().trim_matches(|c| c == '\'' || c == '"');

            if left == "user.roles" && context.has_role(right) {
                // User has the required role - no RLS filter needed
                return Ok(None);
            }
        }
    }

    // Pattern 3: Tenant isolation - "user.tenant_id == object.tenant_id"
    if expr.contains("tenant_id") && expr.contains("==") {
        if let Some(tenant_id) = &context.tenant_id {
            return Ok(Some(WhereClause::Field {
                path:     vec!["tenant_id".to_string()],
                operator: crate::db::WhereOperator::Eq,
                value:    serde_json::json!(tenant_id),
            }));
        }
    }

    // Unrecognised expression: fail closed to prevent silent cross-tenant access.
    Err(FraiseQLError::Validation {
        message: format!("Unrecognised RLS expression: '{expr}'"),
        path:    None,
    })
}

/// Extract a value from user context by field name
pub(crate) fn extract_user_value(
    field: &str,
    context: &SecurityContext,
) -> Option<serde_json::Value> {
    match field {
        "id" | "user_id" => Some(serde_json::json!(context.user_id)),
        "tenant_id" => context.tenant_id.as_ref().map(|t| serde_json::json!(t)),
        "roles" => Some(serde_json::json!(context.roles)),
        custom => context.get_attribute(custom).cloned(),
    }
}