foxy-io 0.3.12

// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
// License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

//! HTTP server implementation for Foxy.
//!
//! The server is a *thin* wrapper around **hyper-util**.  It owns the
//! listening socket(s) and translates between Hyper's body types and the
//! internal [`ProxyRequest`] / [`ProxyResponse`] generics that the core uses.
//!
//! **Protocol support**
//! Uses `hyper_util::server::conn::auto::Builder`, so the same
//! connection transparently handles both HTTP/1.1 *and* HTTP/2.
//!
//! ## Body streaming
//! Inbound bodies are **streamed** straight into the upstream connection; no
//! intermediate buffering beyond the configured `server.body_limit` takes
//! place.  This prevents unbounded memory usage when clients upload large
//! files but still gives you a safety-valve.

mod health;
#[cfg(feature = "swagger-ui")]
pub mod swagger;
#[cfg(test)]
#[path = "../../tests/unit/server/tests.rs"]
mod tests;

use crate::core::{HttpMethod, ProxyCore, ProxyError, ProxyRequest, ProxyResponse, RequestContext};
use crate::logging::config::LoggingConfig;
use crate::logging::middleware::LoggingMiddleware;
#[cfg(feature = "swagger-ui")]
use crate::server::swagger::SwaggerUIConfig;
use crate::{debug_fmt, error_fmt, info_fmt, trace_fmt, warn_fmt};
use bytes::Bytes;
use futures_util::TryStreamExt;
use health::HealthServer;
use http_body_util::BodyExt;
use hyper::body::Incoming;
use hyper::service::service_fn;
use hyper::{Request, Response};
use hyper_util::rt::TokioExecutor;
use hyper_util::rt::TokioIo;
use hyper_util::server::conn::auto::Builder as AutoBuilder;
use reqwest::Body;
use reqwest::header::{HeaderMap, HeaderValue};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
#[cfg(feature = "opentelemetry")]
use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::convert::Infallible;
use std::net::SocketAddr;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::time::Instant;
use tokio::signal;
use tokio::sync::RwLock;
use tokio::sync::oneshot;
use tokio::task::{Id, JoinSet};

#[cfg(unix)]
use tokio::signal::unix::{SignalKind, signal};

#[cfg(feature = "opentelemetry")]
use opentelemetry::{
    Context, KeyValue, global,
    trace::{Span, SpanBuilder, SpanKind, Status},
    trace::{TraceContextExt, Tracer},
};
#[cfg(feature = "opentelemetry")]
use opentelemetry_http::HeaderExtractor;
#[cfg(feature = "opentelemetry")]
use opentelemetry_semantic_conventions::attribute::{
    HTTP_FLAVOR, HTTP_HOST, HTTP_METHOD, HTTP_REQUEST_CONTENT_LENGTH, HTTP_RESPONSE_STATUS_CODE,
    HTTP_SCHEME, HTTP_URL, HTTP_USER_AGENT, NET_PEER_IP,
};

/// Configuration for the HTTP server.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ServerConfig {
    /// Host to bind to
    #[serde(default = "default_host")]
    pub(crate) host: String,

    /// Port to listen on
    #[serde(default = "default_port")]
    pub(crate) port: u16,

    /// Port to listen on for health/readiness checks
    #[serde(default = "default_health_port")]
    pub(crate) health_port: u16,
}

pub(crate) fn default_host() -> String {
    "127.0.0.1".to_string()
}

pub(crate) fn default_port() -> u16 {
    8080
}

pub(crate) fn default_health_port() -> u16 {
    8081
}

impl Default for ServerConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            host: default_host(),
            port: default_port(),
            health_port: default_health_port(),
        }
    }
}

/// HTTP server for the proxy.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ProxyServer {
    /// Server configuration
    pub(crate) config: ServerConfig,
    /// Proxy core
    core: Arc<ProxyCore>,
    /// Shutdown senders for each connection task
    shutdown_senders: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<Id, oneshot::Sender<()>>>>,
    /// Logging middleware for request/response logging
    logging_middleware: LoggingMiddleware,
}

impl ProxyServer {
    /// Create a new proxy server with the given configuration and proxy core.
    pub fn new(config: ServerConfig, core: Arc<ProxyCore>) -> Self {
        // Get logging configuration or use defaults
        let logging_config = match core.config.get::<LoggingConfig>("proxy.logging") {
            Ok(Some(config)) => config,
            _ => LoggingConfig::default(),
        };

        // Create logging middleware
        let logging_middleware = LoggingMiddleware::new(logging_config);

        Self {
            config,
            core,
            shutdown_senders: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
            logging_middleware,
        }
    }

    /// Get access to the proxy core.
    pub fn core(&self) -> &Arc<ProxyCore> {
        &self.core
    }

    /// Setup signal handlers for graceful shutdown.
    #[cfg(unix)]
    fn setup_signal_handlers() -> Result<
        (
            impl std::future::Future<Output = Result<(), std::io::Error>>,
            tokio::signal::unix::Signal,
        ),
        ProxyError,
    > {
        let ctrl_c = signal::ctrl_c();
        let term_stream = signal(SignalKind::terminate())
            .map_err(|e| ProxyError::Other(format!("Cannot install SIGTERM handler: {e}")))?;
        Ok((ctrl_c, term_stream))
    }

    /// Setup signal handlers for graceful shutdown (Windows version).
    #[cfg(not(unix))]
    fn setup_signal_handlers()
    -> Result<impl std::future::Future<Output = Result<(), std::io::Error>>, ProxyError> {
        Ok(signal::ctrl_c())
    }

    /// Setup TCP listener for the server.
    async fn setup_listener(&self) -> Result<tokio::net::TcpListener, ProxyError> {
        let addr = format!("{}:{}", self.config.host, self.config.port)
            .parse::<SocketAddr>()
            .map_err(|e| ProxyError::Other(format!("Invalid server address: {e}")))?;

        let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind(addr)
            .await
            .map_err(|e| ProxyError::Other(format!("Failed to bind: {e}")))?;

        info_fmt!("Server", "Foxy proxy listening on http://{}", addr);
        Ok(listener)
    }

    /// Handle a new connection by spawning a task for it.
    async fn handle_new_connection(
        &self,
        stream: tokio::net::TcpStream,
        remote_addr: SocketAddr,
        core: Arc<ProxyCore>,
        shutdown_senders: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<Id, oneshot::Sender<()>>>>,
        join_set: &mut JoinSet<()>,
    ) {
        let client_ip = remote_addr.ip().to_string();
        let logging_middleware = self.logging_middleware.clone();
        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
        let shutdown_senders_clone = shutdown_senders.clone();

        let handle = join_set.spawn(async move {
            let task_id = tokio::task::id();

            let service = service_fn(move |req: Request<Incoming>| {
                debug_fmt!("Server", "Incoming over {:?}", &req.version());
                handle_request(req, core.clone(), client_ip.clone(), logging_middleware.clone())
            });
            let io = TokioIo::new(stream);

            let builder = AutoBuilder::new(TokioExecutor::new());

            // Create the connection
            let connection = builder.serve_connection(io, service);

            // Pin the connection and enable graceful shutdown
            let mut conn = std::pin::pin!(connection);

            // Run the connection with graceful shutdown
            tokio::select! {
                res = &mut conn => {
                    Self::handle_connection_result(res);
                }
                _ = rx => {
                    debug_fmt!("Server", "Connection received shutdown signal, waiting for graceful close");
                    conn.as_mut().graceful_shutdown();

                    // Continue running the connection until it completes
                    Self::handle_connection_result(conn.await);
                }
            }

            // Clean up the shutdown sender for this task
            shutdown_senders_clone.write().await.remove(&task_id);
            debug_fmt!("Server", "Connection task {:?} completed", task_id);
        });

        // Store the shutdown sender for this task
        shutdown_senders.write().await.insert(handle.id(), tx);
    }

    /// Handle the result of a connection operation.
    fn handle_connection_result(res: Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>) {
        match res {
            Ok(()) => debug_fmt!("Server", "Connection closed normally"),
            Err(e) => {
                // Check if it's a graceful close by examining the error message
                let err_str = e.to_string();
                if !err_str.contains("connection closed") && !err_str.contains("connection reset") {
                    error_fmt!("Server", "Connection error: {}", e);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// Perform graceful shutdown of all connections.
    async fn graceful_shutdown(
        &self,
        mut join_set: JoinSet<()>,
        shutdown_senders: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<Id, oneshot::Sender<()>>>>,
    ) -> Result<(), ProxyError> {
        // Stop accepting connections and signal existing ones to shut down
        info_fmt!(
            "Server",
            "Shutting down; waiting for {} connection(s)",
            join_set.len()
        );

        // Signal all connections to close gracefully
        {
            let mut senders = shutdown_senders.write().await;
            info_fmt!(
                "Server",
                "Signaling {} connections to shut down",
                senders.len()
            );
            for (task_id, sender) in senders.drain() {
                debug_fmt!("Server", "Sending shutdown signal to task {:?}", task_id);
                let _ = sender.send(());
            }
        }

        // Wait for connections to complete gracefully with a timeout
        let shutdown_timeout = tokio::time::Duration::from_secs(30);
        let start_time = tokio::time::Instant::now();

        let shutdown_future = async {
            let mut completed = 0;
            let total = join_set.len();

            while let Some(res) = join_set.join_next().await {
                completed += 1;
                match res {
                    Ok(_) => debug_fmt!(
                        "Server",
                        "Connection task completed ({}/{})",
                        completed,
                        total
                    ),
                    Err(e) if e.is_cancelled() => debug_fmt!(
                        "Server",
                        "Connection task cancelled ({}/{})",
                        completed,
                        total
                    ),
                    Err(e) => error_fmt!(
                        "Server",
                        "Connection task failed ({}/{}): {}",
                        completed,
                        total,
                        e
                    ),
                }

                let elapsed = start_time.elapsed();
                if completed % 10 == 0 || total - completed < 10 {
                    info_fmt!(
                        "Server",
                        "Shutdown progress: {}/{} connections closed (elapsed: {:.1}s)",
                        completed,
                        total,
                        elapsed.as_secs_f32()
                    );
                }
            }
        };

        match tokio::time::timeout(shutdown_timeout, shutdown_future).await {
            Ok(_) => {
                let elapsed = start_time.elapsed();
                info_fmt!(
                    "Server",
                    "All connections drained gracefully in {:.1}s",
                    elapsed.as_secs_f32()
                );
            }
            Err(_) => {
                warn_fmt!(
                    "Server",
                    "Shutdown timed out after {} seconds, some connections may be forcefully closed",
                    shutdown_timeout.as_secs()
                );
                // Cancel remaining tasks
                join_set.shutdown().await;
            }
        }

        info_fmt!("Server", "Shutdown complete");
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Start the proxy server.
    pub async fn start(&self) -> Result<(), ProxyError> {
        // Setup listener
        let listener = self.setup_listener().await?;

        // Setup health server
        let health_server = HealthServer::new(self.config.health_port);
        health_server.set_ready();

        // Setup signal handlers
        #[cfg(unix)]
        let (ctrl_c, mut term_stream) = Self::setup_signal_handlers()?;
        #[cfg(not(unix))]
        let ctrl_c = Self::setup_signal_handlers()?;

        // Build the actual future that we'll await
        #[cfg(unix)]
        let sigterm = term_stream.recv();
        #[cfg(not(unix))]
        let sigterm = std::future::pending();

        // Pin them on the stack so select! can poll them
        tokio::pin!(ctrl_c);
        tokio::pin!(sigterm);

        // Create and use the shared shutdown senders map
        let shutdown_senders = self.shutdown_senders.clone();

        // Track spawned connection tasks
        let mut join_set = JoinSet::new();
        let core = self.core.clone();

        // Flag to indicate shutdown has been initiated
        let shutdown_initiated = Arc::new(std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(false));
        let shutdown_initiated_clone = shutdown_initiated.clone();

        // Main server loop
        loop {
            tokio::select! {
                _ = &mut ctrl_c => {
                    info_fmt!("Server", "Received Ctrl-C; initiating graceful shutdown");
                    shutdown_initiated_clone.store(true, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
                    break;
                }
                _ = &mut sigterm => {
                    info_fmt!("Server", "Received SIGTERM; initiating graceful shutdown");
                    shutdown_initiated_clone.store(true, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
                    break;
                }
                accept = listener.accept() => {
                    match accept {
                        Ok((stream, remote_addr)) => {
                            // If shutdown has been initiated, reject new connections
                            if shutdown_initiated.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst) {
                                info_fmt!("Server", "Rejecting new connection during shutdown");
                                continue;
                            }

                            self.handle_new_connection(
                                stream,
                                remote_addr,
                                core.clone(),
                                shutdown_senders.clone(),
                                &mut join_set,
                            ).await;
                        }
                        Err(e) => error_fmt!("Server", "Accept error: {}", e),
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Perform graceful shutdown
        self.graceful_shutdown(join_set, shutdown_senders).await?;

        // Ensure health server is also shut down
        drop(health_server);

        Ok(())
    }
}

/// Validate HTTP headers to prevent request smuggling attacks.
///
/// This function checks for dangerous header combinations and malformed headers
/// that could be used in HTTP request smuggling attacks.
pub fn validate_headers(headers: &mut HeaderMap) -> Result<(), ProxyError> {
    // SECURITY: Check for conflicting Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding headers
    let has_content_length = headers.contains_key("content-length");
    let has_transfer_encoding = headers.contains_key("transfer-encoding");

    if has_content_length && has_transfer_encoding {
        // RFC 7230 Section 3.3.3: If a message is received with both a Transfer-Encoding
        // and a Content-Length header field, the Transfer-Encoding overrides the Content-Length.
        // However, this is a common vector for request smuggling attacks.
        warn_fmt!(
            "Server",
            "Request contains both Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding headers - removing Content-Length to prevent request smuggling"
        );
        headers.remove("content-length");
    }

    // SECURITY: Validate Transfer-Encoding header values
    if let Some(te_header) = headers.get("transfer-encoding") {
        if let Ok(te_value) = te_header.to_str() {
            // Check for dangerous Transfer-Encoding values
            let te_lower = te_value.to_lowercase();
            if te_lower.contains("chunked") && te_lower != "chunked" {
                // Transfer-Encoding with chunked and other values can cause confusion
                warn_fmt!(
                    "Server",
                    "Suspicious Transfer-Encoding header value: {} - normalizing to 'chunked'",
                    te_value
                );
                headers.insert("transfer-encoding", HeaderValue::from_static("chunked"));
            }
        }
    }

    // SECURITY: Check for CRLF injection in header values
    for (name, value) in headers.iter() {
        if let Ok(value_str) = value.to_str() {
            if value_str.contains('\r') || value_str.contains('\n') {
                let err = ProxyError::SecurityError(format!(
                    "CRLF injection detected in header '{name}': contains newline characters"
                ));
                warn_fmt!("Server", "{}", err);
                return Err(err);
            }
        }
    }

    // SECURITY: Check for multiple Host headers
    let host_headers: Vec<_> = headers.get_all("host").iter().collect();
    if host_headers.len() > 1 {
        let err = ProxyError::SecurityError(
            "Multiple Host headers detected - potential request smuggling attack".to_string(),
        );
        warn_fmt!("Server", "{}", err);
        return Err(err);
    }

    // SECURITY: Validate Content-Length header format
    if let Some(cl_header) = headers.get("content-length") {
        if let Ok(cl_value) = cl_header.to_str() {
            // Check for multiple Content-Length values (comma-separated)
            if cl_value.contains(',') {
                let err = ProxyError::SecurityError(
                    "Multiple Content-Length values detected - potential request smuggling attack"
                        .to_string(),
                );
                warn_fmt!("Server", "{}", err);
                return Err(err);
            }

            // Validate that Content-Length is a valid number
            if cl_value.parse::<u64>().is_err() {
                let err = ProxyError::SecurityError(format!(
                    "Invalid Content-Length header value: {cl_value}"
                ));
                warn_fmt!("Server", "{}", err);
                return Err(err);
            }
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

/// Convert a hyper request to a proxy request.
async fn convert_hyper_request(
    req: Request<Incoming>,
    client_ip: String,
) -> Result<ProxyRequest, ProxyError> {
    let method = HttpMethod::from(req.method());
    let uri = req.uri().clone();
    let path = uri.path().to_owned();
    let query = uri.query().map(|q| q.to_owned());
    let mut headers = req.headers().clone();

    trace_fmt!(
        "Server",
        "Converting request: {} {} with {} headers",
        method,
        path,
        headers.len()
    );

    // SECURITY: Validate headers to prevent request smuggling attacks
    validate_headers(&mut headers)?;

    // Incoming → Stream → reqwest::Body
    let hyper_stream = req.into_body().into_data_stream();
    let byte_stream = hyper_stream.map_ok(Bytes::from);
    let body = reqwest::Body::wrap_stream(byte_stream);

    Ok(ProxyRequest {
        method,
        path,
        query,
        headers,
        body,
        context: Arc::new(RwLock::new(RequestContext {
            client_ip: Some(client_ip),
            start_time: Some(std::time::Instant::now()),
            attributes: std::collections::HashMap::new(),
        })),
        custom_target: None,
    })
}

/// Convert a proxy response to a hyper response.
fn convert_proxy_response(resp: ProxyResponse) -> Result<Response<Body>, ProxyError> {
    trace_fmt!(
        "Server",
        "Converting response with status {} and {} headers",
        resp.status,
        resp.headers.len()
    );

    let stream = resp.body.into_data_stream().map_err(|e| {
        error_fmt!("Server", "Error streaming response body: {}", e);
        std::io::Error::other(e)
    });

    let body = Body::wrap_stream(stream);

    let mut builder = Response::builder().status(resp.status);
    let mut_headers = builder.headers_mut().ok_or_else(|| {
        error_fmt!(
            "Server",
            "Failed to get mutable headers from response builder"
        );
        ProxyError::Other("Failed to build response: unable to get mutable headers".into())
    })?;
    *mut_headers = resp.headers;

    builder.body(body).map_err(|e| {
        let err = ProxyError::Other(e.to_string());
        error_fmt!("Server", "Failed to build response: {}", err);
        err
    })
}

/// Handle an incoming HTTP request.
async fn handle_request(
    req: Request<Incoming>,
    core: Arc<ProxyCore>,
    client_ip: String,
    logging_middleware: LoggingMiddleware,
) -> Result<Response<Body>, Infallible> {
    // Process the request through the logging middleware
    let remote_addr = req.extensions().get::<SocketAddr>().cloned();
    let (req, request_info) = logging_middleware.process(req, remote_addr);

    // Start Swagger UI Handling
    #[cfg(feature = "swagger-ui")]
    {
        if let Ok(Some(swagger_config)) = core.config.get::<SwaggerUIConfig>("proxy.swagger_ui") {
            if swagger_config.enabled
                && (req.uri().path().eq(&swagger_config.path)
                    || req.uri().path().starts_with(&swagger_config.path))
            {
                let swagger_response = swagger::handle_swagger_request(&req, &swagger_config)
                    .await
                    .unwrap();
                return Ok(swagger_response);
            }
        }
    }
    // End Swagger UI Handling

    // Start timing for upstream request
    let upstream_start = Instant::now();
    // ---------- OpenTelemetry SERVER span ----------
    #[cfg(feature = "opentelemetry")]
    let span_context = {
        let method = req.method().as_str().to_owned();
        let path = req.uri().path().to_owned();
        let full_url = req.uri().clone().to_string();
        let scheme = req.uri().scheme_str().unwrap_or("http").to_owned();
        let host = req
            .headers()
            .get("host")
            .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
            .unwrap_or("-")
            .to_owned();
        let http_version = match req.version() {
            hyper::Version::HTTP_10 => "1.0",
            hyper::Version::HTTP_11 => "1.1",
            hyper::Version::HTTP_2 => "2",
            hyper::Version::HTTP_3 => "3",
            _ => "unknown",
        };
        let req_content_len = req
            .headers()
            .get("content-length")
            .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
            .and_then(|s| s.parse::<i64>().ok())
            .unwrap_or(0);
        let user_agent = req
            .headers()
            .get("user-agent")
            .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
            .unwrap_or("-")
            .to_owned();
        let peer_ip = client_ip.as_str().to_owned();

        let context = extract_context_from_request(&req);
        let mut span = global::tracer("foxy::proxy").build_with_context(
            SpanBuilder {
                name: Cow::from(format!("{method} {path}")),
                span_kind: Some(SpanKind::Server),
                ..Default::default()
            },
            &context,
        );

        span.set_attributes([
            KeyValue::new(HTTP_METHOD, method),
            KeyValue::new(HTTP_URL, full_url.clone()),
            KeyValue::new(HTTP_SCHEME, scheme),
            KeyValue::new(HTTP_HOST, host),
            KeyValue::new(HTTP_FLAVOR, http_version),
            KeyValue::new(HTTP_REQUEST_CONTENT_LENGTH, req_content_len),
            KeyValue::new(HTTP_USER_AGENT, user_agent),
            KeyValue::new(NET_PEER_IP, peer_ip),
        ]);

        context.with_span(span)
    };

    /* ---- convert Hyper → ProxyRequest ---- */
    let method = req.method().clone();
    let path = req.uri().path().to_owned();

    debug_fmt!("Server", "Received request: {} {}", method, path);

    let proxy_req = match convert_hyper_request(req, client_ip.clone()).await {
        Ok(r) => r,
        Err(e) => {
            error_fmt!(
                "Server",
                "Failed to convert request {} {}: {}",
                method,
                path,
                e
            );
            return Ok(Response::builder()
                .status(500)
                .body(Body::from("Internal Server Error"))
                .unwrap());
        }
    };

    // ---------- core processing ----------
    #[cfg(feature = "opentelemetry")]
    let span_clone = span_context.clone();

    #[cfg(feature = "opentelemetry")]
    let span_ref = span_context.span();

    #[cfg(feature = "opentelemetry")]
    let result = core.process_request(proxy_req, Some(span_clone)).await;

    #[cfg(not(feature = "opentelemetry"))]
    let result = core.process_request(proxy_req).await;

    // ---------- finalise span ----------
    #[cfg(feature = "opentelemetry")]
    {
        match result.as_ref() {
            Ok(_r) => span_ref.set_status(Status::Ok),
            Err(e) => {
                span_ref.record_error(e);
                span_ref.set_status(Status::Error {
                    description: Cow::from(e.to_string()),
                })
            }
        }
    }

    /* ---------- map response ---------- */
    let response: Result<Response<Body>, Infallible> = match result {
        Ok(proxy_resp) => {
            debug_fmt!(
                "Server",
                "Successfully processed request {} {} -> {}",
                method,
                path,
                proxy_resp.status
            );
            match convert_proxy_response(proxy_resp) {
                Ok(resp) => {
                    // Calculate upstream duration
                    let upstream_duration = upstream_start.elapsed();

                    // Log the response with timing information
                    logging_middleware.log_response(&resp, &request_info, Some(upstream_duration));

                    Ok(resp)
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    error_fmt!(
                        "Server",
                        "Failed to convert response for {} {}: {}",
                        method,
                        path,
                        e
                    );
                    Ok(Response::builder()
                        .status(500)
                        .body(Body::from("Internal Server Error"))
                        .unwrap())
                }
            }
        }
        Err(e) => {
            let (status, msg) = match &e {
                ProxyError::Timeout(d) => {
                    warn_fmt!(
                        "Server",
                        "Request {} {} timed out after {:?}",
                        method,
                        path,
                        d
                    );
                    (504, format!("Gateway Timeout after {d:?}"))
                }
                ProxyError::RoutingError(msg) => {
                    warn_fmt!("Server", "Routing error for {} {}: {}", method, path, msg);
                    (404, "Route not found".into())
                }
                ProxyError::SecurityError(msg) => {
                    warn_fmt!("Server", "Security error for {} {}: {}", method, path, msg);
                    (403, "Forbidden".into())
                }
                ProxyError::ClientError(err) => {
                    error_fmt!("Server", "Client error for {} {}: {}", method, path, err);
                    (502, "Bad Gateway".into())
                }
                _ => {
                    error_fmt!(
                        "Server",
                        "Internal error processing {} {}: {}",
                        method,
                        path,
                        e
                    );
                    (500, "Internal Server Error".into())
                }
            };

            Ok(Response::builder()
                .status(status)
                .body(Body::from(msg))
                .unwrap())
        }
    };

    // Log error responses too
    #[allow(clippy::collapsible_if)]
    if let Ok(resp) = &response {
        if resp.status().is_client_error() || resp.status().is_server_error() {
            logging_middleware.log_response(resp, &request_info, None);
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "opentelemetry")]
    {
        let status_code = response.as_ref().unwrap().status().as_u16();

        span_ref.set_attribute(KeyValue::new(HTTP_RESPONSE_STATUS_CODE, status_code as i64));
        span_ref.end();
    }

    response
}

// Utility function to extract the context from the incoming request headers
#[cfg(feature = "opentelemetry")]
fn extract_context_from_request(req: &Request<Incoming>) -> Context {
    global::get_text_map_propagator(|propagator| {
        propagator.extract(&HeaderExtractor(req.headers()))
    })
}