fluor 0.0.3

First-principles GUI compositor library: center-origin RU coordinates, harmonic-mean span scaling, CPU softbuffer rendering, ARM-first.
Documentation
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//! AA shape rasterizers — axis-aligned rect, rotated rect, axis-aligned ellipse / circle, rotated ellipse — plus the per-row pixel-range solver and reciprocal-sqrt helper they share. Every entry point honours sub-pixel position + size, composes UNDER existing pixel content via the [`Blend::under`] kernel, and reports its bbox to the canvas damage accumulator.
//!
//! Conventions: colour is α + darkness packed (build with [`crate::paint::pack_argb`]); `Coord` is fluor's `f32` alias. AA coverage is the standard analytical approximation — `0.5 + signed_distance_inside` clamped to `[0, 1]`, multiplied across edges for rotated rects, or solved analytically via implicit-form math for ellipses (sqrt-and-divide fused into a single hardware reciprocal-sqrt where available).

use super::{Clip, under_chunk_const_dispatch};
use crate::canvas::Canvas;
use crate::coord::Coord;
use crate::pixel::{Blend, BlendMode};

/// Photon's `blend_rgb_only` helper: weighted RGB blend of two colours with explicit per-pixel weights. Verbatim port from [compositing.rs:5821](/mnt/Octopus/Code/photon/src/ui/compositing.rs#L5821). Used by `draw_window_controls` for AA squircle edges.
pub fn blend_rgb_only(bg_colour: u32, fg_colour: u32, weight_bg: u8, weight_fg: u8) -> u32 {
    let mut bg = bg_colour as u64;
    bg = (bg | (bg << 16)) & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFF;
    bg = (bg | (bg << 8)) & 0x00FF00FF00FF00FF;

    let mut fg = fg_colour as u64;
    fg = (fg | (fg << 16)) & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFF;
    fg = (fg | (fg << 8)) & 0x00FF00FF00FF00FF;

    let mut blended = bg * weight_bg as u64 + fg * weight_fg as u64;
    blended = (blended >> 8) & 0x00FF00FF00FF00FF;
    blended = (blended | (blended >> 8)) & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFF;
    blended = (blended | (blended >> 16)) & 0x00FFFFFF;
    // α + darkness: force opaque (α=0xFF) by setting the top byte. RGB darkness is whatever the blend produced.
    (blended as u32) | 0xFF000000
}

/// Filled rectangle, anti-aliased, axis-aligned. Centered at `(cx, cy)` with fractional dimensions `(rect_w, rect_h)` — sub-pixel position + size both honoured. Colour is α + darkness packed (build with [`crate::paint::pack_argb`]); the rect blends UNDER any existing pixel content in the buffer via [`Blend::under`].
///
/// AA: each pixel's coverage = `clamp(0.5 + distance_inside, 0, 1)` against the nearest rect edge. Interior pixels saturate to coverage = 1.0 (full colour). Edge pixels get a fraction of the source α. Off-buffer pixels are clipped by the iteration bounds.
///
/// Rule 0: iteration bounds clamp `x_min/y_min ≥ 0` and `x_max/y_max ≤ buffer dim` because the rect can be partially or fully off-screen (caller passes arbitrary cx/cy); without the clamps an i32→usize cast on negative values wraps to a huge number → OOB panic. Coverage clamps to `[0, 1]` because pixels inside the rect have unbounded `d_inside`; without the cap, the `α × coverage` multiply would exceed the 0..255 byte range.
pub fn draw_rect(
    canvas: &mut Canvas,
    cx: Coord,
    cy: Coord,
    rect_w: Coord,
    rect_h: Coord,
    colour: u32,
    clip: Option<Clip>,
) {
    let width = canvas.width;
    let height = canvas.height;
    if rect_w < 0.0 || rect_h < 0.0 || width == 0 || height == 0 {
        return;
    }
    // A zero (or sub-pixel) dimension is a 1px line: floor the half-extent to 0.5 so the coverage band spans exactly one pixel centred on the axis. This is fluor's line primitive — `draw_rect(.., w, 0.0, ..)` is a horizontal hairline.
    let hw = (rect_w * 0.5).max(0.5);
    let hh = (rect_h * 0.5).max(0.5);
    let x_min = (cx - hw - 0.5) as i32;
    let x_max = (cx + hw + 1.5) as i32;
    let y_min = (cy - hh - 0.5) as i32;
    let y_max = (cy + hh + 1.5) as i32;
    let Some((x_start, y_start, x_end, y_end)) =
        Clip::intersect_bbox(clip, width, height, x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max)
    else {
        return;
    };
    canvas.damage.add_bounds(x_start, y_start, x_end, y_end);
    let pixels: &mut [u32] = canvas.pixels;

    let colour_alpha = ((colour >> 24) & 0xFF) as Coord;
    let colour_dark = colour & 0x00FFFFFF;

    crate::par::par_rows(pixels, width, y_start, y_end, |py, row| {
        let dy_abs = ((py as Coord + 0.5) - cy).abs();
        let dy_inside = hh - dy_abs;
        for px in x_start..x_end {
            let dx_abs = ((px as Coord + 0.5) - cx).abs();
            let dx_inside = hw - dx_abs;
            let d_inside = dx_inside.min(dy_inside);
            let coverage = (0.5 + d_inside).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
            if coverage <= 0.0 {
                continue;
            }
            let new_alpha = (colour_alpha * coverage) as u32;
            if new_alpha == 0 {
                continue;
            }
            let rect_pixel = (new_alpha << 24) | colour_dark;
            row[px] = row[px].under(rect_pixel, BlendMode::Normal);
        }
    });
}

/// Blit a decoded image (`src`, α + darkness packed, row-major `src_w × src_h`) scaled into a dest
/// rect centred at `(cx, cy)` with px size `(dst_w, dst_h)`. Nearest-neighbour sampling. Each
/// sampled pixel composes UNDER existing content via [`Blend::under`] exactly like the other
/// primitives, so draw order controls z. Source pixels are treated as opaque — the VSF image
/// decoder packs α = `0xFF`; a source pixel's own α still rides thru `under`, so a decoder that
/// emits transparency (future masked avatars) composites correctly with no change here.
///
/// Bounds are clamped/clipped like [`draw_rect`] (the dest rect may be partly off-buffer). Edges
/// are hard (no boundary AA) — fine behind a rounded mask or at icon scale; add coverage later if
/// bare-edged blits need softening.
pub fn draw_image(
    canvas: &mut Canvas,
    src: &[u32],
    src_w: usize,
    src_h: usize,
    cx: Coord,
    cy: Coord,
    dst_w: Coord,
    dst_h: Coord,
    clip: Option<Clip>,
) {
    let width = canvas.width;
    let height = canvas.height;
    if src_w == 0 || src_h == 0 || dst_w <= 0.0 || dst_h <= 0.0 || width == 0 || height == 0 {
        return;
    }
    if src.len() < src_w * src_h {
        return;
    }
    let hw = dst_w * 0.5;
    let hh = dst_h * 0.5;
    let left = cx - hw;
    let top = cy - hh;
    let x_min = left.floor() as i32;
    let x_max = (cx + hw).ceil() as i32;
    let y_min = top.floor() as i32;
    let y_max = (cy + hh).ceil() as i32;
    let Some((x_start, y_start, x_end, y_end)) =
        Clip::intersect_bbox(clip, width, height, x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max)
    else {
        return;
    };
    canvas.damage.add_bounds(x_start, y_start, x_end, y_end);
    let pixels: &mut [u32] = canvas.pixels;
    // Source pixels per dest pixel along each axis (nearest-neighbour scale factor).
    let step_x = src_w as Coord / dst_w;
    let step_y = src_h as Coord / dst_h;
    let src_w_i = src_w as i32;
    let src_h_i = src_h as i32;
    crate::par::par_rows(pixels, width, y_start, y_end, |py, row| {
        let sy_f = ((py as Coord + 0.5) - top) * step_y;
        if sy_f < 0.0 {
            return;
        }
        let sy = (sy_f as i32).clamp(0, src_h_i - 1) as usize;
        let src_row_base = sy * src_w;
        for px in x_start..x_end {
            let sx_f = ((px as Coord + 0.5) - left) * step_x;
            if sx_f < 0.0 {
                continue;
            }
            let sx = (sx_f as i32).clamp(0, src_w_i - 1) as usize;
            let sp = src[src_row_base + sx];
            row[px] = row[px].under(sp, BlendMode::Normal);
        }
    });
}

/// Filled rectangle, anti-aliased, rotated by `angle` radians around `(cx, cy)`. Positive angle rotates counter-clockwise (standard math convention). Other semantics match [`draw_rect`] — α + darkness colour, AA edges, UNDER-blend onto existing pixel content.
///
/// Scanline + per-pixel edge AA. Per row we analytically solve the px range where each pixel's centre lies in the rect's local-coord interior (full coverage) vs the wider "any coverage" band (AA needed). The interior loop is a tight UNDER-blend with a precomputed `(α<<24)|RGB` value — no per-pixel rotation, no coverage math, no abs/clamp. Only the two AA strips at the row endpoints (and full-AA rows near top/bottom corners) pay for the 4-edge product coverage. Bounding box is the tight rotated extent `(hw|cos| + hh|sin|, hw|sin| + hh|cos|)`.
///
/// Coverage at AA pixels: product of four `clamp(0.5 + signed_dist_inside, 0, 1)` terms, one per edge.
pub fn draw_rect_rotated(
    canvas: &mut crate::canvas::Canvas,
    cx: Coord,
    cy: Coord,
    rect_w: Coord,
    rect_h: Coord,
    angle: Coord,
    colour: u32,
    clip: Option<Clip>,
) {
    let width = canvas.width;
    let height = canvas.height;
    if rect_w <= 0.0 || rect_h <= 0.0 || width == 0 || height == 0 {
        return;
    }
    let hw = rect_w * 0.5;
    let hh = rect_h * 0.5;
    let (sin_a, cos_a) = crate::math::sin_cos(angle);
    let abs_cos = cos_a.abs();
    let abs_sin = sin_a.abs();
    let bbox_hw = hw * abs_cos + hh * abs_sin;
    let bbox_hh = hw * abs_sin + hh * abs_cos;
    let x_min = (cx - bbox_hw - 0.5) as i32;
    let x_max = (cx + bbox_hw + 1.5) as i32;
    let y_min = (cy - bbox_hh - 0.5) as i32;
    let y_max = (cy + bbox_hh + 1.5) as i32;
    let Some((x_start, y_start, x_end, y_end)) =
        Clip::intersect_bbox(clip, width, height, x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max)
    else {
        return;
    };

    canvas.damage.add_bounds(x_start, y_start, x_end, y_end);
    let pixels: &mut [u32] = canvas.pixels;

    let colour_alpha = ((colour >> 24) & 0xFF) as Coord;
    let colour_dark = colour & 0x00FFFFFF;
    let full_alpha = (colour >> 24) & 0xFF;
    let full_top = (full_alpha << 24) | colour_dark;

    let dlx = cos_a;
    let dly = -sin_a;

    let lx_outer = hw + 0.5;
    let ly_outer = hh + 0.5;
    let lx_inner = hw - 0.5;
    let ly_inner = hh - 0.5;
    let has_inner = lx_inner >= 0.0 && ly_inner >= 0.0;

    let x_start_f = x_start as Coord + 0.5;
    crate::par::par_rows(pixels, width, y_start, y_end, |py, row| {
        let dy_row = (py as Coord + 0.5) - cy;
        let dx0 = x_start_f - cx;
        let lx0 = dx0 * cos_a + dy_row * sin_a;
        let ly0 = -dx0 * sin_a + dy_row * cos_a;

        let (ox_lo, ox_hi) = px_range(lx0, dlx, -lx_outer, lx_outer, x_start, x_end);
        let (oy_lo, oy_hi) = px_range(ly0, dly, -ly_outer, ly_outer, x_start, x_end);
        let outer_lo = ox_lo.max(oy_lo);
        let outer_hi = ox_hi.min(oy_hi);
        if outer_lo >= outer_hi {
            return;
        }

        let (inner_lo, inner_hi) = if has_inner {
            let (ix_lo, ix_hi) = px_range(lx0, dlx, -lx_inner, lx_inner, x_start, x_end);
            let (iy_lo, iy_hi) = px_range(ly0, dly, -ly_inner, ly_inner, x_start, x_end);
            let lo = ix_lo.max(iy_lo).max(outer_lo);
            let hi = ix_hi.min(iy_hi).min(outer_hi);
            if lo >= hi {
                (outer_hi, outer_hi)
            } else {
                (lo, hi)
            }
        } else {
            (outer_hi, outer_hi)
        };

        let mut lx = lx0 + (outer_lo as Coord - x_start as Coord) * dlx;
        let mut ly = ly0 + (outer_lo as Coord - x_start as Coord) * dly;
        for px in outer_lo..inner_lo {
            let cov_r = (0.5 + (hw - lx)).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
            let cov_l = (0.5 + (lx + hw)).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
            let cov_t = (0.5 + (hh - ly)).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
            let cov_b = (0.5 + (ly + hh)).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
            let coverage = cov_r * cov_l * cov_t * cov_b;
            let na = (colour_alpha * coverage) as u32;
            if na > 0 {
                let rect_pixel = (na << 24) | colour_dark;
                row[px] = row[px].under(rect_pixel, BlendMode::Normal);
            }
            lx += dlx;
            ly += dly;
        }

        under_chunk_const_dispatch(&mut row[inner_lo..inner_hi], full_top);

        let mut lx = lx0 + (inner_hi as Coord - x_start as Coord) * dlx;
        let mut ly = ly0 + (inner_hi as Coord - x_start as Coord) * dly;
        for px in inner_hi..outer_hi {
            let cov_r = (0.5 + (hw - lx)).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
            let cov_l = (0.5 + (lx + hw)).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
            let cov_t = (0.5 + (hh - ly)).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
            let cov_b = (0.5 + (ly + hh)).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
            let coverage = cov_r * cov_l * cov_t * cov_b;
            let na = (colour_alpha * coverage) as u32;
            if na > 0 {
                let rect_pixel = (na << 24) | colour_dark;
                row[px] = row[px].under(rect_pixel, BlendMode::Normal);
            }
            lx += dlx;
            ly += dly;
        }
    });
}

/// Pixel-range solver for `lo ≤ v0 + (px − x_start)·dv ≤ hi`. Returns half-open `[px_lo, px_hi)` clamped to `[x_start, x_end]`. Empty range is returned as `(x_end, x_end)`.
fn px_range(
    v0: Coord,
    dv: Coord,
    lo: Coord,
    hi: Coord,
    x_start: usize,
    x_end: usize,
) -> (usize, usize) {
    if dv.abs() < 1e-6 {
        if v0 >= lo && v0 <= hi {
            return (x_start, x_end);
        }
        return (x_end, x_end);
    }
    let i_a = (lo - v0) / dv;
    let i_b = (hi - v0) / dv;
    let i_lo = i_a.min(i_b);
    let i_hi = i_a.max(i_b);
    let i_min = crate::math::ceil(i_lo) as i64;
    let i_max = crate::math::floor(i_hi) as i64;
    let start_i = x_start as i64;
    let end_i = x_end as i64;
    let lo_px = (start_i + i_min).clamp(start_i, end_i);
    let hi_px = (start_i + i_max + 1).clamp(start_i, end_i);
    if lo_px >= hi_px {
        (x_end, x_end)
    } else {
        (lo_px as usize, hi_px as usize)
    }
}

/// Hardware fast reciprocal square root — `1/sqrt(x)` as ONE operation when the target supports it. LLVM won't lower `1.0/sqrtf(x)` to `rsqrtss` without `-ffast-math` (verified in asm: it emits `SQRTSS` + `DIVSS`, ~25 cycles), so we reach for the platform intrinsic explicitly. RSQRTSS gives ~12 bits of precision in ~5 cycles — far beyond what the 8-bit AA coverage byte needs. On non-x86_64 targets, fall back to the portable `1/sqrt` path; LLVM still picks the platform-best sqrt instruction underneath.
///
/// Precondition: `x > 0`. Inputs that hit `x == 0` should be screened by the caller (we never call this on the AA path for an ellipse center pixel because the cheap `4·f² ≥ |∇f|²` classifier promotes it to the interior fast path first).
#[inline(always)]
fn fast_inv_sqrt(x: Coord) -> Coord {
    #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
    unsafe {
        use core::arch::x86_64::*;
        let v = _mm_set_ss(x);
        let r = _mm_rsqrt_ss(v);
        _mm_cvtss_f32(r)
    }
    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "x86_64"))]
    {
        1.0 / libm::sqrtf(x)
    }
}

/// Filled circle, anti-aliased. Centered at `(cx, cy)` with fractional radius `r`. Colour is α + darkness packed; composes topmost-first via `pixels[idx].under(circle_pixel, Normal)`.
///
/// Stays in squared-distance space — no `sqrt` anywhere. Pre-squares the inner and outer AA thresholds (`(r−½)²`, `(r+½)²`); per pixel computes `dist² = dx² + dy²` and classifies into interior (full coverage), AA band, or outside.
pub fn draw_circle(
    canvas: &mut Canvas,
    cx: Coord,
    cy: Coord,
    r: Coord,
    colour: u32,
    clip: Option<Clip>,
) {
    let width = canvas.width;
    let height = canvas.height;
    if r <= 0.0 || width == 0 || height == 0 {
        return;
    }
    let r_in = (r - 0.5).max(0.0);
    let r_out = r + 0.5;
    let r_in2 = r_in * r_in;
    let r_out2 = r_out * r_out;
    let inv_diff = 1.0 / (r_out2 - r_in2);
    let x_min = (cx - r_out) as i32;
    let x_max = (cx + r_out + 1.0) as i32;
    let y_min = (cy - r_out) as i32;
    let y_max = (cy + r_out + 1.0) as i32;
    let Some((x_start, y_start, x_end, y_end)) =
        Clip::intersect_bbox(clip, width, height, x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max)
    else {
        return;
    };
    canvas.damage.add_bounds(x_start, y_start, x_end, y_end);
    let pixels: &mut [u32] = canvas.pixels;

    let colour_alpha = ((colour >> 24) & 0xFF) as Coord;
    let colour_dark = colour & 0x00FFFFFF;
    let full_alpha = (colour >> 24) & 0xFF;
    let full_pixel = (full_alpha << 24) | colour_dark;

    crate::par::par_rows(pixels, width, y_start, y_end, |py, row| {
        let dy = (py as Coord + 0.5) - cy;
        let dy2 = dy * dy;
        for px in x_start..x_end {
            let dx = (px as Coord + 0.5) - cx;
            let dist2 = dx * dx + dy2;
            if dist2 <= r_in2 {
                row[px] = row[px].under(full_pixel, BlendMode::Normal);
            } else if dist2 < r_out2 {
                let t = (r_out2 - dist2) * inv_diff;
                let na = (colour_alpha * t) as u32;
                if na > 0 {
                    let circle_pixel = (na << 24) | colour_dark;
                    row[px] = row[px].under(circle_pixel, BlendMode::Normal);
                }
            }
        }
    });
}

/// Filled axis-aligned ellipse, anti-aliased. Centered at `(cx, cy)` with fractional radii `(rx, ry)`. Colour is α + darkness packed.
///
/// Per-pixel implicit form `f = (dx/rx)² + (dy/ry)² − 1` plus its gradient-magnitude-squared `|∇f|² = 4·((dx/rx²)² + (dy/ry²)²)`. AA via fused reciprocal-sqrt.
pub fn draw_ellipse(
    canvas: &mut Canvas,
    cx: Coord,
    cy: Coord,
    rx: Coord,
    ry: Coord,
    colour: u32,
    clip: Option<Clip>,
) {
    let width = canvas.width;
    let height = canvas.height;
    if rx <= 0.0 || ry <= 0.0 || width == 0 || height == 0 {
        return;
    }
    let inv_rx2 = 1.0 / (rx * rx);
    let inv_ry2 = 1.0 / (ry * ry);
    let x_min = (cx - rx - 0.5) as i32;
    let x_max = (cx + rx + 1.5) as i32;
    let y_min = (cy - ry - 0.5) as i32;
    let y_max = (cy + ry + 1.5) as i32;
    let Some((x_start, y_start, x_end, y_end)) =
        Clip::intersect_bbox(clip, width, height, x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max)
    else {
        return;
    };
    canvas.damage.add_bounds(x_start, y_start, x_end, y_end);
    let pixels: &mut [u32] = canvas.pixels;

    let colour_alpha = ((colour >> 24) & 0xFF) as Coord;
    let colour_dark = colour & 0x00FFFFFF;
    let full_alpha = (colour >> 24) & 0xFF;
    let full_pixel = (full_alpha << 24) | colour_dark;

    crate::par::par_rows(pixels, width, y_start, y_end, |py, row| {
        let dy = (py as Coord + 0.5) - cy;
        let dy2 = dy * dy;
        let dy2_b = dy2 * inv_ry2;
        for px in x_start..x_end {
            let dx = (px as Coord + 0.5) - cx;
            let dx2 = dx * dx;
            let dx2_a = dx2 * inv_rx2;
            let f = dx2_a + dy2_b - 1.0;
            let grad2 = 4.0 * (dx2_a * inv_rx2 + dy2_b * inv_ry2);
            let f_sq_4 = 4.0 * f * f;
            if f <= 0.0 && f_sq_4 >= grad2 {
                row[px] = row[px].under(full_pixel, BlendMode::Normal);
            } else if f < 0.0 || f_sq_4 < grad2 {
                let inv_g = fast_inv_sqrt(grad2);
                let coverage = (0.5 - f * inv_g).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
                let na = (colour_alpha * coverage) as u32;
                if na > 0 {
                    let ellipse_pixel = (na << 24) | colour_dark;
                    row[px] = row[px].under(ellipse_pixel, BlendMode::Normal);
                }
            }
        }
    });
}

/// Filled ellipse, anti-aliased, rotated by `angle` radians around `(cx, cy)`. Other semantics match [`draw_ellipse`].
pub fn draw_ellipse_rotated(
    canvas: &mut Canvas,
    cx: Coord,
    cy: Coord,
    rx: Coord,
    ry: Coord,
    angle: Coord,
    colour: u32,
    clip: Option<Clip>,
) {
    let width = canvas.width;
    let height = canvas.height;
    if rx <= 0. || ry <= 0. || width == 0 || height == 0 {
        return;
    }
    let inv_rx2 = 1. / (rx * rx);
    let inv_ry2 = 1. / (ry * ry);
    let (sin_a, cos_a) = crate::math::sin_cos(angle);
    let abs_cos = cos_a.abs();
    let abs_sin = sin_a.abs();
    let bbox_hw = rx * abs_cos + ry * abs_sin;
    let bbox_hh = rx * abs_sin + ry * abs_cos;
    let x_min = (cx - bbox_hw - 0.5) as i32;
    let x_max = (cx + bbox_hw + 1.5) as i32;
    let y_min = (cy - bbox_hh - 0.5) as i32;
    let y_max = (cy + bbox_hh + 1.5) as i32;
    let Some((x_start, y_start, x_end, y_end)) =
        Clip::intersect_bbox(clip, width, height, x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max)
    else {
        return;
    };
    canvas.damage.add_bounds(x_start, y_start, x_end, y_end);
    let pixels: &mut [u32] = canvas.pixels;

    let colour_alpha = ((colour >> 24) & 0xFF) as Coord;
    let colour_dark = colour & 0x00FFFFFF;
    let full_alpha = (colour >> 24) & 0xFF;
    let full_pixel = (full_alpha << 24) | colour_dark;

    let x_start_f = x_start as Coord + 0.5;
    crate::par::par_rows(pixels, width, y_start, y_end, |py, row| {
        let dy_screen = (py as Coord + 0.5) - cy;
        let dx_screen0 = x_start_f - cx;
        let mut lx = dx_screen0 * cos_a + dy_screen * sin_a;
        let mut ly = -dx_screen0 * sin_a + dy_screen * cos_a;
        for px in x_start..x_end {
            let lx2_a = lx * lx * inv_rx2;
            let ly2_b = ly * ly * inv_ry2;
            let f = lx2_a + ly2_b - 1.;
            let grad2 = 4. * (lx2_a * inv_rx2 + ly2_b * inv_ry2);
            let f_sq_4 = 4. * f * f;
            if f <= 0. && f_sq_4 >= grad2 {
                row[px] = row[px].under(full_pixel, BlendMode::Normal);
            } else if f < 0. || f_sq_4 < grad2 {
                let inv_g = fast_inv_sqrt(grad2);
                let coverage = (0.5 - f * inv_g).clamp(0., 1.);
                let na = (colour_alpha * coverage) as u32;
                if na > 0 {
                    let ellipse_pixel = (na << 24) | colour_dark;
                    row[px] = row[px].under(ellipse_pixel, BlendMode::Normal);
                }
            }
            lx += cos_a;
            ly -= sin_a;
        }
    });
}