flac_codec/
decode.rs

1// Copyright 2025 Brian Langenberger
2//
3// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
4// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
5// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
6// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
7// except according to those terms.
8
9//! For decoding FLAC files to PCM samples
10
11use crate::Error;
12use crate::audio::Frame;
13use crate::metadata::{BlockList, ChannelMask, SeekTable};
14use bitstream_io::{BitRead, SignedBitCount};
15use std::collections::VecDeque;
16use std::fs::File;
17use std::io::BufReader;
18use std::num::NonZero;
19use std::path::Path;
20
21pub use crate::metadata::Metadata;
22
23trait SignedInteger:
24    bitstream_io::SignedInteger + Into<i64> + std::ops::AddAssign + std::ops::Neg<Output = Self>
25{
26    fn from_i64(i: i64) -> Self;
27
28    fn from_u32(u: u32) -> Self;
29}
30
31impl SignedInteger for i32 {
32    #[inline(always)]
33    fn from_i64(i: i64) -> i32 {
34        i as i32
35    }
36
37    #[inline(always)]
38    fn from_u32(u: u32) -> i32 {
39        u as i32
40    }
41}
42
43impl SignedInteger for i64 {
44    #[inline(always)]
45    fn from_i64(i: i64) -> i64 {
46        i
47    }
48
49    #[inline(always)]
50    fn from_u32(u: u32) -> i64 {
51        u as i64
52    }
53}
54
55/// A FLAC reader which outputs PCM samples as bytes
56///
57/// # Example
58///
59/// ```
60/// use flac_codec::{
61///     byteorder::LittleEndian,
62///     encode::{FlacByteWriter, Options},
63///     decode::{FlacByteReader, Metadata},
64/// };
65/// use std::io::{Cursor, Read, Seek, Write};
66///
67/// let mut flac = Cursor::new(vec![]);  // a FLAC file in memory
68///
69/// let mut writer = FlacByteWriter::endian(
70///     &mut flac,           // our wrapped writer
71///     LittleEndian,        // .wav-style byte order
72///     Options::default(),  // default encoding options
73///     44100,               // sample rate
74///     16,                  // bits-per-sample
75///     1,                   // channel count
76///     Some(2000),          // total bytes
77/// ).unwrap();
78///
79/// // write 1000 samples as 16-bit, signed, little-endian bytes (2000 bytes total)
80/// let written_bytes = (0..1000).map(i16::to_le_bytes).flatten().collect::<Vec<u8>>();
81/// assert!(writer.write_all(&written_bytes).is_ok());
82///
83/// // finalize writing file
84/// assert!(writer.finalize().is_ok());
85///
86/// flac.rewind().unwrap();
87///
88/// // open reader around written FLAC file
89/// let mut reader = FlacByteReader::endian(flac, LittleEndian).unwrap();
90///
91/// // read 2000 bytes
92/// let mut read_bytes = vec![];
93/// assert!(reader.read_to_end(&mut read_bytes).is_ok());
94///
95/// // ensure MD5 sum of signed, little-endian samples matches hash in file
96/// let mut md5 = md5::Context::new();
97/// md5.consume(&read_bytes);
98/// assert_eq!(&md5.compute().0, reader.md5().unwrap());
99///
100/// // ensure input and output matches
101/// assert_eq!(read_bytes, written_bytes);
102/// ```
103#[derive(Clone)]
104pub struct FlacByteReader<R, E> {
105    // the wrapped decoder
106    decoder: Decoder<R>,
107    // decoded byte buffer
108    buf: VecDeque<u8>,
109    // the endianness of the bytes in our byte buffer
110    endianness: std::marker::PhantomData<E>,
111    // offset start of frames, if known
112    frames_start: Option<u64>,
113}
114
115impl<R: std::io::Read, E: crate::byteorder::Endianness> FlacByteReader<R, E> {
116    /// Opens new FLAC reader which wraps the given reader
117    ///
118    /// The reader must be positioned at the start of the
119    /// FLAC stream.  If the file has non-FLAC data
120    /// at the beginning (such as ID3v2 tags), one
121    /// should skip such data before initializing a `FlacByteReader`.
122    #[inline]
123    pub fn new(mut reader: R) -> Result<Self, Error> {
124        let blocklist = BlockList::read(reader.by_ref())?;
125
126        Ok(Self {
127            decoder: Decoder::new(reader, blocklist),
128            buf: VecDeque::default(),
129            endianness: std::marker::PhantomData,
130            frames_start: None,
131        })
132    }
133
134    /// Opens new FLAC reader in the given endianness
135    ///
136    /// The reader must be positioned at the start of the
137    /// FLAC stream.  If the file has non-FLAC data
138    /// at the beginning (such as ID3v2 tags), one
139    /// should skip such data before initializing a `FlacByteReader`.
140    #[inline]
141    pub fn endian(reader: R, _endian: E) -> Result<Self, Error> {
142        Self::new(reader)
143    }
144
145    /// Returns FLAC metadata blocks
146    #[inline]
147    pub fn metadata(&self) -> &BlockList {
148        self.decoder.metadata()
149    }
150}
151
152impl<R: std::io::Read + std::io::Seek, E: crate::byteorder::Endianness> FlacByteReader<R, E> {
153    /// Opens a new seekable FLAC reader which wraps the given reader
154    ///
155    /// If a stream is both readable and seekable,
156    /// it's vital to use this method to open it if one
157    /// also wishes to seek within the FLAC stream.
158    /// Otherwise, an I/O error will result when attempting to seek.
159    ///
160    /// [`FlacByteReader::open`] calls this method to ensure
161    /// all `File`-based streams are also seekable.
162    ///
163    /// The reader must be positioned at the start of the
164    /// FLAC stream.  If the file has non-FLAC data
165    /// at the beginning (such as ID3v2 tags), one
166    /// should skip such data before initializing a `FlacByteReader`.
167    ///
168    /// # Example
169    ///
170    /// ```
171    /// use flac_codec::{
172    ///     byteorder::LittleEndian,
173    ///     encode::{FlacByteWriter, Options},
174    ///     decode::FlacByteReader,
175    /// };
176    /// use std::io::{Cursor, Read, Seek, SeekFrom, Write};
177    ///
178    /// let mut flac = Cursor::new(vec![]);  // a FLAC file in memory
179    ///
180    /// let mut writer = FlacByteWriter::endian(
181    ///     &mut flac,           // our wrapped writer
182    ///     LittleEndian,        // .wav-style byte order
183    ///     Options::default(),  // default encoding options
184    ///     44100,               // sample rate
185    ///     16,                  // bits-per-sample
186    ///     1,                   // channel count
187    ///     Some(2000),          // total bytes
188    /// ).unwrap();
189    ///
190    /// // write 1000 samples as 16-bit, signed, little-endian bytes (2000 bytes total)
191    /// let written_bytes = (0..1000).map(i16::to_le_bytes).flatten().collect::<Vec<u8>>();
192    /// assert!(writer.write_all(&written_bytes).is_ok());
193    ///
194    /// // finalize writing file
195    /// assert!(writer.finalize().is_ok());
196    ///
197    /// flac.rewind().unwrap();
198    ///
199    /// // open reader around written FLAC file
200    /// let mut reader: FlacByteReader<_, LittleEndian> =
201    ///     FlacByteReader::new_seekable(flac).unwrap();
202    ///
203    /// // read 2000 bytes
204    /// let mut read_bytes_1 = vec![];
205    /// assert!(reader.read_to_end(&mut read_bytes_1).is_ok());
206    ///
207    /// // ensure input and output matches
208    /// assert_eq!(read_bytes_1, written_bytes);
209    ///
210    /// // rewind reader to halfway through file
211    /// assert!(reader.seek(SeekFrom::Start(1000)).is_ok());
212    ///
213    /// // read 1000 bytes
214    /// let mut read_bytes_2 = vec![];
215    /// assert!(reader.read_to_end(&mut read_bytes_2).is_ok());
216    ///
217    /// // ensure output matches back half of input
218    /// assert_eq!(read_bytes_2.len(), 1000);
219    /// assert!(written_bytes.ends_with(&read_bytes_2));
220    /// ```
221    pub fn new_seekable(mut reader: R) -> Result<Self, Error> {
222        let blocklist = BlockList::read(reader.by_ref())?;
223        let frames_start = reader.stream_position()?;
224
225        Ok(Self {
226            decoder: Decoder::new(reader, blocklist),
227            buf: VecDeque::default(),
228            endianness: std::marker::PhantomData,
229            frames_start: Some(frames_start),
230        })
231    }
232}
233
234impl<R: std::io::Read, E: crate::byteorder::Endianness> Metadata for FlacByteReader<R, E> {
235    #[inline]
236    fn channel_count(&self) -> u8 {
237        self.decoder.channel_count().get()
238    }
239
240    #[inline]
241    fn channel_mask(&self) -> ChannelMask {
242        self.decoder.channel_mask()
243    }
244
245    #[inline]
246    fn sample_rate(&self) -> u32 {
247        self.decoder.sample_rate()
248    }
249
250    #[inline]
251    fn bits_per_sample(&self) -> u32 {
252        self.decoder.bits_per_sample()
253    }
254
255    #[inline]
256    fn total_samples(&self) -> Option<u64> {
257        self.decoder.total_samples().map(|s| s.get())
258    }
259
260    #[inline]
261    fn md5(&self) -> Option<&[u8; 16]> {
262        self.decoder.md5()
263    }
264}
265
266impl<E: crate::byteorder::Endianness> FlacByteReader<BufReader<File>, E> {
267    /// Opens FLAC file from the given path
268    #[inline]
269    pub fn open<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, _endianness: E) -> Result<Self, Error> {
270        FlacByteReader::new_seekable(BufReader::new(File::open(path.as_ref())?))
271    }
272}
273
274impl<R: std::io::Read, E: crate::byteorder::Endianness> std::io::Read for FlacByteReader<R, E> {
275    /// Reads samples to the given buffer as bytes in our stream's endianness
276    ///
277    /// Returned samples are interleaved by channel, like:
278    /// [left₀ , right₀ , left₁ , right₁ , left₂ , right₂ , …]
279    ///
280    /// This is the same format used by common PCM container
281    /// formats like WAVE and AIFF
282    ///
283    /// # Errors
284    ///
285    /// Returns any error that occurs when reading the stream,
286    /// converted to an I/O error.
287    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> std::io::Result<usize> {
288        if self.buf.is_empty() {
289            match self.decoder.read_frame()? {
290                Some(frame) => {
291                    self.buf.resize(frame.bytes_len(), 0);
292                    frame.to_buf::<E>(self.buf.make_contiguous());
293                    self.buf.read(buf)
294                }
295                None => Ok(0),
296            }
297        } else {
298            self.buf.read(buf)
299        }
300    }
301}
302
303impl<R: std::io::Read, E: crate::byteorder::Endianness> std::io::BufRead for FlacByteReader<R, E> {
304    /// Reads samples to the given buffer as bytes in our stream's endianness
305    ///
306    /// Returned samples are interleaved by channel, like:
307    /// [left₀ , right₀ , left₁ , right₁ , left₂ , right₂ , …]
308    ///
309    /// # Errors
310    ///
311    /// Returns any error that occurs when reading the stream,
312    /// converted to an I/O error.
313    fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> std::io::Result<&[u8]> {
314        if self.buf.is_empty() {
315            match self.decoder.read_frame()? {
316                Some(frame) => {
317                    self.buf.resize(frame.bytes_len(), 0);
318                    frame.to_buf::<E>(self.buf.make_contiguous());
319                    self.buf.fill_buf()
320                }
321                None => Ok(&[]),
322            }
323        } else {
324            self.buf.fill_buf()
325        }
326    }
327
328    fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize) {
329        self.buf.consume(amt)
330    }
331}
332
333/// A FLAC reader which outputs PCM samples as signed integers
334///
335/// # Example
336///
337/// ```
338/// use flac_codec::{
339///     encode::{FlacSampleWriter, Options},
340///     decode::FlacSampleReader,
341/// };
342/// use std::io::{Cursor, Seek};
343///
344/// let mut flac = Cursor::new(vec![]);  // a FLAC file in memory
345///
346/// let mut writer = FlacSampleWriter::new(
347///     &mut flac,           // our wrapped writer
348///     Options::default(),  // default encoding options
349///     44100,               // sample rate
350///     16,                  // bits-per-sample
351///     1,                   // channel count
352///     Some(1000),          // total samples
353/// ).unwrap();
354///
355/// // write 1000 samples
356/// let written_samples = (0..1000).collect::<Vec<i32>>();
357/// assert!(writer.write(&written_samples).is_ok());
358///
359/// // finalize writing file
360/// assert!(writer.finalize().is_ok());
361///
362/// flac.rewind().unwrap();
363///
364/// // open reader around written FLAC file
365/// let mut reader = FlacSampleReader::new(flac).unwrap();
366///
367/// // read 1000 samples
368/// let mut read_samples = vec![0; 1000];
369/// assert!(matches!(reader.read(&mut read_samples), Ok(1000)));
370///
371/// // ensure they match
372/// assert_eq!(read_samples, written_samples);
373/// ```
374#[derive(Clone)]
375pub struct FlacSampleReader<R> {
376    // the wrapped decoder
377    decoder: Decoder<R>,
378    // decoded sample buffer
379    buf: VecDeque<i32>,
380    // start of FLAC frames
381    frames_start: Option<u64>,
382}
383
384impl<R: std::io::Read> FlacSampleReader<R> {
385    /// Opens new FLAC reader which wraps the given reader
386    ///
387    /// The reader must be positioned at the start of the
388    /// FLAC stream.  If the file has non-FLAC data
389    /// at the beginning (such as ID3v2 tags), one
390    /// should skip such data before initializing a `FlacByteReader`.
391    #[inline]
392    pub fn new(mut reader: R) -> Result<Self, Error> {
393        let blocklist = BlockList::read(reader.by_ref())?;
394
395        Ok(Self {
396            decoder: Decoder::new(reader, blocklist),
397            buf: VecDeque::default(),
398            frames_start: None,
399        })
400    }
401
402    /// Returns FLAC metadata blocks
403    #[inline]
404    pub fn metadata(&self) -> &BlockList {
405        self.decoder.metadata()
406    }
407
408    /// Attempts to fill the buffer with samples and returns quantity read
409    ///
410    /// Returned samples are interleaved by channel, like:
411    /// [left₀ , right₀ , left₁ , right₁ , left₂ , right₂ , …]
412    ///
413    /// # Errors
414    ///
415    /// Returns error if some error occurs reading FLAC file
416    #[inline]
417    pub fn read(&mut self, samples: &mut [i32]) -> Result<usize, Error> {
418        if self.buf.is_empty() {
419            match self.decoder.read_frame()? {
420                Some(frame) => {
421                    self.buf.extend(frame.iter());
422                }
423                None => return Ok(0),
424            }
425        }
426
427        let to_consume = samples.len().min(self.buf.len());
428        for (i, o) in samples.iter_mut().zip(self.buf.drain(0..to_consume)) {
429            *i = o;
430        }
431        Ok(to_consume)
432    }
433
434    /// Reads all samples from source FLAC, placing them in `buf`
435    ///
436    /// If successful, returns the total number of samples read
437    pub fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<i32>) -> Result<usize, Error> {
438        let mut amt_read = 0;
439        loop {
440            match self.fill_buf()? {
441                [] => break Ok(amt_read),
442                decoded => {
443                    let decoded_len = decoded.len();
444                    buf.extend_from_slice(decoded);
445                    amt_read += decoded_len;
446                    self.consume(decoded_len);
447                }
448            }
449        }
450    }
451
452    /// Returns complete buffer of all read samples
453    ///
454    /// Analogous to [`std::io::BufRead::fill_buf`], this should
455    /// be paired with [`FlacSampleReader::consume`] to
456    /// consume samples in the filled buffer once used.
457    ///
458    /// Returned samples are interleaved by channel, like:
459    /// [left₀ , right₀ , left₁ , right₁ , left₂ , right₂ , …]
460    ///
461    /// # Errors
462    ///
463    /// Returns error if some error occurs reading FLAC file
464    /// to fill buffer.
465    #[inline]
466    pub fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> Result<&[i32], Error> {
467        if self.buf.is_empty() {
468            match self.decoder.read_frame()? {
469                Some(frame) => {
470                    self.buf.extend(frame.iter());
471                }
472                None => return Ok(&[]),
473            }
474        }
475
476        Ok(self.buf.make_contiguous())
477    }
478
479    /// Informs the reader that `amt` samples have been consumed.
480    ///
481    /// Analagous to [`std::io::BufRead::consume`], which marks
482    /// samples as having been read.
483    ///
484    /// May panic if attempting to consume more bytes
485    /// than are available in the buffer.
486    #[inline]
487    pub fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize) {
488        self.buf.drain(0..amt);
489    }
490}
491
492impl<R: std::io::Read + std::io::Seek> FlacSampleReader<R> {
493    /// Opens a new seekable FLAC reader which wraps the given reader
494    ///
495    /// If a stream is both readable and seekable,
496    /// it's vital to use this method to open it if one
497    /// also wishes to seek within the FLAC stream.
498    /// Otherwise, an I/O error will result when attempting to seek.
499    ///
500    /// [`FlacSampleReader::open`] calls this method to ensure
501    /// all `File`-based streams are also seekable.
502    ///
503    /// The reader must be positioned at the start of the
504    /// FLAC stream.  If the file has non-FLAC data
505    /// at the beginning (such as ID3v2 tags), one
506    /// should skip such data before initializing a `FlacSampleReader`.
507    ///
508    /// # Example
509    ///
510    /// ```
511    /// use flac_codec::{
512    ///     encode::{FlacSampleWriter, Options},
513    ///     decode::FlacSampleReader,
514    /// };
515    /// use std::io::{Cursor, Seek};
516    ///
517    /// let mut flac = Cursor::new(vec![]);  // a FLAC file in memory
518    ///
519    /// let mut writer = FlacSampleWriter::new(
520    ///     &mut flac,           // our wrapped writer
521    ///     Options::default(),  // default encoding options
522    ///     44100,               // sample rate
523    ///     16,                  // bits-per-sample
524    ///     1,                   // channel count
525    ///     Some(1000),          // total samples
526    /// ).unwrap();
527    ///
528    /// // write 1000 samples
529    /// let written_samples = (0..1000).collect::<Vec<i32>>();
530    /// assert!(writer.write(&written_samples).is_ok());
531    ///
532    /// // finalize writing file
533    /// assert!(writer.finalize().is_ok());
534    ///
535    /// flac.rewind().unwrap();
536    ///
537    /// // open reader around written FLAC file
538    /// let mut reader = FlacSampleReader::new_seekable(flac).unwrap();
539    ///
540    /// // read 1000 samples
541    /// let mut read_samples_1 = vec![0; 1000];
542    /// assert!(matches!(reader.read(&mut read_samples_1), Ok(1000)));
543    ///
544    /// // ensure they match
545    /// assert_eq!(read_samples_1, written_samples);
546    ///
547    /// // rewind reader to halfway through file
548    /// assert!(reader.seek(500).is_ok());
549    ///
550    /// // read 500 samples
551    /// let mut read_samples_2 = vec![0; 500];
552    /// assert!(matches!(reader.read(&mut read_samples_2), Ok(500)));
553    ///
554    /// // ensure output matches back half of input
555    /// assert_eq!(read_samples_2.len(), 500);
556    /// assert!(written_samples.ends_with(&read_samples_2));
557    /// ```
558    pub fn new_seekable(mut reader: R) -> Result<Self, Error> {
559        let blocklist = BlockList::read(reader.by_ref())?;
560        let frames_start = reader.stream_position()?;
561
562        Ok(Self {
563            decoder: Decoder::new(reader, blocklist),
564            buf: VecDeque::default(),
565            frames_start: Some(frames_start),
566        })
567    }
568}
569
570impl FlacSampleReader<BufReader<File>> {
571    /// Opens FLAC file from the given path
572    #[inline]
573    pub fn open<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<Self, Error> {
574        FlacSampleReader::new_seekable(BufReader::new(File::open(path.as_ref())?))
575    }
576}
577
578impl<R: std::io::Read> Metadata for FlacSampleReader<R> {
579    #[inline]
580    fn channel_count(&self) -> u8 {
581        self.decoder.channel_count().get()
582    }
583
584    #[inline]
585    fn channel_mask(&self) -> ChannelMask {
586        self.decoder.channel_mask()
587    }
588
589    #[inline]
590    fn sample_rate(&self) -> u32 {
591        self.decoder.sample_rate()
592    }
593
594    #[inline]
595    fn bits_per_sample(&self) -> u32 {
596        self.decoder.bits_per_sample()
597    }
598
599    #[inline]
600    fn total_samples(&self) -> Option<u64> {
601        self.decoder.total_samples().map(|s| s.get())
602    }
603
604    #[inline]
605    fn md5(&self) -> Option<&[u8; 16]> {
606        self.decoder.md5()
607    }
608}
609
610impl<R: std::io::Read> IntoIterator for FlacSampleReader<R> {
611    type IntoIter = FlacSampleIterator<R>;
612    type Item = Result<i32, Error>;
613
614    fn into_iter(self) -> FlacSampleIterator<R> {
615        FlacSampleIterator { reader: self }
616    }
617}
618
619/// A FLAC reader which iterates over decoded samples as signed integers
620///
621/// # Example
622///
623/// ```
624/// use flac_codec::{
625///     encode::{FlacSampleWriter, Options},
626///     decode::FlacSampleReader,
627/// };
628/// use std::io::{Cursor, Seek};
629///
630/// let mut flac = Cursor::new(vec![]);  // a FLAC file in memory
631///
632/// let mut writer = FlacSampleWriter::new(
633///     &mut flac,           // our wrapped writer
634///     Options::default(),  // default encoding options
635///     44100,               // sample rate
636///     16,                  // bits-per-sample
637///     1,                   // channel count
638///     Some(10),            // total samples
639/// ).unwrap();
640///
641/// // write 10 samples
642/// let written_samples = (0..10).collect::<Vec<i32>>();
643/// assert!(writer.write(&written_samples).is_ok());
644///
645/// // finalize writing file
646/// assert!(writer.finalize().is_ok());
647///
648/// flac.rewind().unwrap();
649///
650/// // open reader around written FLAC file
651/// let reader = FlacSampleReader::new(flac).unwrap();
652///
653/// // convert reader to iterator
654/// let mut iter = reader.into_iter();
655///
656/// // read all its samples
657/// let read_samples = iter.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>().unwrap();
658///
659/// // ensure they match
660/// assert_eq!(read_samples, written_samples);
661/// assert_eq!(read_samples, vec![0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]);
662/// ```
663#[derive(Clone)]
664pub struct FlacSampleIterator<R> {
665    reader: FlacSampleReader<R>,
666}
667
668impl<R: std::io::Read> Metadata for FlacSampleIterator<R> {
669    fn channel_count(&self) -> u8 {
670        self.reader.channel_count()
671    }
672
673    fn sample_rate(&self) -> u32 {
674        self.reader.sample_rate()
675    }
676
677    fn bits_per_sample(&self) -> u32 {
678        self.reader.bits_per_sample()
679    }
680
681    fn total_samples(&self) -> Option<u64> {
682        self.reader.total_samples()
683    }
684
685    fn md5(&self) -> Option<&[u8; 16]> {
686        self.reader.md5()
687    }
688}
689
690impl<R: std::io::Read> Iterator for FlacSampleIterator<R> {
691    type Item = Result<i32, Error>;
692
693    #[inline]
694    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Result<i32, Error>> {
695        match self.reader.buf.pop_front() {
696            Some(sample) => Some(Ok(sample)),
697            None => match self.reader.decoder.read_frame() {
698                Ok(Some(frame)) => {
699                    self.reader.buf.extend(frame.iter());
700                    self.reader.buf.pop_front().map(Ok)
701                }
702                Err(e) => Some(Err(e)),
703                Ok(None) => None,
704            },
705        }
706    }
707}
708
709impl<R: std::io::Read + std::io::Seek, E: crate::byteorder::Endianness> std::io::Seek
710    for FlacByteReader<R, E>
711{
712    fn seek(&mut self, pos: std::io::SeekFrom) -> std::io::Result<u64> {
713        use std::cmp::Ordering;
714
715        let Self { decoder, buf, .. } = self;
716
717        let streaminfo = decoder.blocks.streaminfo();
718
719        let bytes_per_pcm_frame: u64 = (u32::from(streaminfo.bits_per_sample).div_ceil(8)
720            * u32::from(streaminfo.channels.get()))
721        .into();
722
723        // the desired absolute position in the stream, in bytes
724        let desired_pos: u64 = match pos {
725            std::io::SeekFrom::Start(pos) => pos,
726            std::io::SeekFrom::Current(pos) => {
727                // current position in bytes is current position in samples
728                // converted to bytes *minus* the un-consumed space in the buffer
729                // since the sample position is running ahead of the byte position
730                let original_pos: u64 =
731                    (decoder.current_sample * bytes_per_pcm_frame) - (buf.len() as u64);
732
733                match pos.cmp(&0) {
734                    Ordering::Less => {
735                        original_pos
736                            .checked_sub(pos.unsigned_abs())
737                            .ok_or(std::io::Error::new(
738                                std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
739                                "cannot seek below byte 0",
740                            ))?
741                    }
742                    Ordering::Equal => return Ok(original_pos),
743                    Ordering::Greater => {
744                        original_pos
745                            .checked_add(pos.unsigned_abs())
746                            .ok_or(std::io::Error::new(
747                                std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
748                                "seek offset too large",
749                            ))?
750                    }
751                }
752            }
753            std::io::SeekFrom::End(pos) => {
754                // if the total samples is unknown in streaminfo,
755                // we have no way to know where the file's end is
756                // (this is a very unusual case)
757                let max_pos: u64 = decoder.total_samples().map(|s| s.get()).ok_or_else(|| {
758                    std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::NotSeekable, "total samples not known")
759                })?;
760
761                match pos.cmp(&0) {
762                    Ordering::Less => max_pos.checked_sub(pos.unsigned_abs()).ok_or_else(|| {
763                        std::io::Error::new(
764                            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
765                            "cannot seek below byte 0",
766                        )
767                    })?,
768                    Ordering::Equal => max_pos,
769                    Ordering::Greater => {
770                        return Err(std::io::Error::new(
771                            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
772                            "cannot seek beyond end of file",
773                        ));
774                    }
775                }
776            }
777        };
778
779        // perform seek in stream to the desired sample
780        // (this will usually be some position prior to the desired sample)
781        let mut new_pos = decoder.seek(
782            self.frames_start
783                .ok_or(std::io::Error::from(std::io::ErrorKind::NotSeekable))?,
784            desired_pos / bytes_per_pcm_frame,
785        )? * bytes_per_pcm_frame;
786
787        // seeking invalidates current buffer
788        buf.clear();
789
790        // skip bytes to reach desired sample
791        while new_pos < desired_pos {
792            use std::io::BufRead;
793
794            let buf = self.fill_buf()?;
795
796            if !buf.is_empty() {
797                let to_skip = (usize::try_from(desired_pos - new_pos).unwrap()).min(buf.len());
798                self.consume(to_skip);
799                new_pos += to_skip as u64;
800            } else {
801                // attempting to seek beyond the end of the FLAC file
802                return Err(std::io::Error::new(
803                    std::io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
804                    "stream exhausted before sample reached",
805                ));
806            }
807        }
808
809        Ok(desired_pos)
810    }
811}
812
813impl<R: std::io::Read + std::io::Seek> FlacSampleReader<R> {
814    /// Seeks to the given channel-independent sample
815    ///
816    /// The sample is relative to the beginning of the stream
817    pub fn seek(&mut self, sample: u64) -> Result<(), Error> {
818        let channels: u8 = self.channel_count();
819
820        // actual position, in channel-independent samples
821        let mut pos = self.decoder.seek(
822            self.frames_start
823                .ok_or(std::io::Error::from(std::io::ErrorKind::NotSeekable))?,
824            sample,
825        )?;
826
827        // seeking invalidates the current buffer
828        self.buf.clear();
829
830        // needed channel-independent samples
831        while sample > pos {
832            let buf = self.fill_buf()?;
833
834            // size of buf in channel-independent samples
835            match buf.len() / usize::from(channels) {
836                0 => {
837                    // read beyond end of stream
838                    return Err(Error::InvalidSeek);
839                }
840                buf_samples => {
841                    // amount of channel-independent samples to consume
842                    let to_consume = buf_samples.min((sample - pos).try_into().unwrap());
843
844                    // mark samples in buffer as consumed
845                    self.consume(to_consume * usize::from(channels));
846
847                    // advance current actual position
848                    pos += to_consume as u64;
849                }
850            }
851        }
852
853        Ok(())
854    }
855}
856
857/// A FLAC reader which operates on streamed input
858///
859/// Streamed FLAC files are simply a collection of raw
860/// FLAC frames with no accompanying metadata,
861/// like might be delivered over a multicast stream.
862///
863/// Because this reader needs to scan the stream for
864/// valid frame sync codes before playback,
865/// it requires [`std::io::BufRead`] instead of [`std::io::Read`].
866///
867/// # Example
868///
869/// ```
870/// use flac_codec::{
871///     decode::{FlacStreamReader, FrameBuf},
872///     encode::{FlacStreamWriter, Options},
873/// };
874/// use std::io::{Cursor, Seek};
875/// use std::num::NonZero;
876/// use bitstream_io::SignedBitCount;
877///
878/// let mut flac = Cursor::new(vec![]);
879///
880/// let samples = (0..100).collect::<Vec<i32>>();
881///
882/// let mut w = FlacStreamWriter::new(&mut flac, Options::default());
883///
884/// // write a single FLAC frame with some samples
885/// w.write(
886///     44100,  // sample rate
887///     1,      // channels
888///     16,     // bits-per-sample
889///     &samples,
890/// ).unwrap();
891///
892/// flac.rewind().unwrap();
893///
894/// let mut r = FlacStreamReader::new(&mut flac);
895///
896/// // read a single FLAC frame with some samples
897/// assert_eq!(
898///     r.read().unwrap(),
899///     FrameBuf {
900///         samples: &samples,
901///         sample_rate: 44100,
902///         channels: 1,
903///         bits_per_sample: 16,
904///     },
905/// );
906/// ```
907pub struct FlacStreamReader<R> {
908    // the wrapped reader
909    reader: R,
910    // raw decoded frame samples
911    buf: Frame,
912    // interlaced frame samples
913    samples: Vec<i32>,
914}
915
916impl<R: std::io::BufRead> FlacStreamReader<R> {
917    /// Opens new FLAC stream reader which wraps the given reader
918    #[inline]
919    pub fn new(reader: R) -> Self {
920        Self {
921            reader,
922            buf: Frame::default(),
923            samples: Vec::default(),
924        }
925    }
926
927    /// Returns the next decoded FLAC frame and its parameters
928    ///
929    /// # Errors
930    ///
931    /// Returns an I/O error from the stream or if any
932    /// other error occurs when reading the file.
933    pub fn read(&mut self) -> Result<FrameBuf<'_>, Error> {
934        use crate::crc::{Checksum, Crc16, CrcReader};
935        use crate::stream::FrameHeader;
936        use bitstream_io::{BigEndian, BitReader};
937        use std::io::Read;
938
939        // Finding the next frame header in a BufRead is
940        // tougher than it seems because fill_buf might
941        // slice a frame sync code in half, which needs
942        // to be accounted for.
943
944        let (header, mut crc16_reader) = loop {
945            // scan for the first byte of the frame sync
946            self.reader.skip_until(0b11111111)?;
947
948            // either gotten the first half of the frame sync,
949            // or have reached EOF
950
951            // check that the next byte is the other half of a frame sync
952            match self.reader.fill_buf() {
953                Ok([]) => {
954                    return Err(std::io::Error::new(
955                        std::io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
956                        "eof looking for frame sync",
957                    )
958                    .into());
959                }
960                Ok([byte, ..]) if byte >> 1 == 0b1111100 => {
961                    // got a whole frame sync
962                    // so try to parse a whole frame header
963                    let mut crc_reader: CrcReader<_, Crc16> = CrcReader::new(
964                        std::slice::from_ref(&0b11111111).chain(self.reader.by_ref()),
965                    );
966
967                    if let Ok(header) = FrameHeader::read_subset(&mut crc_reader) {
968                        break (header, crc_reader);
969                    }
970                }
971                Ok(_) => continue,
972                // didn't get the other half of frame sync,
973                // so continue without consuming anything
974                Err(ref e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
975                Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
976            }
977        };
978
979        read_subframes(
980            BitReader::endian(crc16_reader.by_ref(), BigEndian),
981            &header,
982            &mut self.buf,
983        )?;
984
985        if crc16_reader.into_checksum().valid() {
986            self.samples.clear();
987            self.samples.extend(self.buf.iter());
988
989            Ok(FrameBuf {
990                samples: self.samples.as_slice(),
991                sample_rate: header.sample_rate.into(),
992                channels: header.channel_assignment.count(),
993                bits_per_sample: header.bits_per_sample.into(),
994            })
995        } else {
996            Err(Error::Crc16Mismatch)
997        }
998    }
999}
1000
1001/// A buffer of samples read from a [`FlacStreamReader`]
1002///
1003/// In a conventional FLAC reader, the stream's metadata
1004/// is known in advance from the required STREAMINFO metadata block
1005/// and is an error for it to change mid-file.
1006///
1007/// In a streamed reader, that metadata isn't known in advance
1008/// and can change from frame to frame.  This buffer contains
1009/// all the metadata fields in the frame for decoding/playback.
1010#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
1011pub struct FrameBuf<'s> {
1012    /// Decoded samples
1013    ///
1014    /// Samples are interleaved by channel, like:
1015    /// [left₀ , right₀ , left₁ , right₁ , left₂ , right₂ , …]
1016    pub samples: &'s [i32],
1017
1018    /// The sample rate, in Hz
1019    pub sample_rate: u32,
1020
1021    /// Channel count, from 1 to 8
1022    pub channels: u8,
1023
1024    /// Bits-per-sample, from 4 to 32
1025    pub bits_per_sample: u32,
1026}
1027
1028/// The results of FLAC file verification
1029#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Ord, PartialOrd)]
1030pub enum Verified {
1031    /// FLAC file has MD5 hash and decoded contents match that hash
1032    MD5Match,
1033    /// FLAC file has MD5 hash, but decoded contents do not match
1034    MD5Mismatch,
1035    /// FLAC file has no MD5 hash, but decodes successfully
1036    NoMD5,
1037}
1038
1039/// Verifies FLAC file for correctness
1040pub fn verify<P: AsRef<Path>>(p: P) -> Result<Verified, Error> {
1041    File::open(p.as_ref())
1042        .map_err(Error::Io)
1043        .and_then(|r| verify_reader(BufReader::new(r)))
1044}
1045
1046/// Verifies FLAC stream for correctness
1047///
1048/// The stream must be set to the start of the FLAC data
1049pub fn verify_reader<R: std::io::Read>(r: R) -> Result<Verified, Error> {
1050    use crate::byteorder::LittleEndian;
1051
1052    let mut r = FlacByteReader::endian(r, LittleEndian)?;
1053    match r.md5().cloned() {
1054        Some(flac_md5) => {
1055            let mut output_md5 = md5::Context::new();
1056            std::io::copy(&mut r, &mut output_md5)?;
1057            Ok(if flac_md5 == output_md5.compute().0 {
1058                Verified::MD5Match
1059            } else {
1060                Verified::MD5Mismatch
1061            })
1062        }
1063        None => std::io::copy(&mut r, &mut std::io::sink())
1064            .map(|_| Verified::NoMD5)
1065            .map_err(Error::Io),
1066    }
1067}
1068
1069/// A FLAC decoder
1070#[derive(Clone)]
1071struct Decoder<R> {
1072    reader: R,
1073    // all metadata blocks
1074    blocks: BlockList,
1075    // // the size of everything before the first frame, in bytes
1076    // frames_start: u64,
1077    // the current sample, in channel-independent samples
1078    current_sample: u64,
1079    // raw decoded frame samples
1080    buf: Frame,
1081}
1082
1083impl<R: std::io::Read> Decoder<R> {
1084    /// Builds a new FLAC decoder from the given stream
1085    ///
1086    /// This assumes the stream is positioned at the start
1087    /// of the file.
1088    ///
1089    /// # Errors
1090    ///
1091    /// Returns an error of the initial FLAC metadata
1092    /// is invalid or an I/O error occurs reading
1093    /// the initial metadata.
1094    fn new(reader: R, blocks: BlockList) -> Self {
1095        Self {
1096            reader,
1097            blocks,
1098            current_sample: 0,
1099            buf: Frame::default(),
1100        }
1101    }
1102
1103    /// Returns channel count
1104    ///
1105    /// From 1 to 8
1106    fn channel_count(&self) -> NonZero<u8> {
1107        self.blocks.streaminfo().channels
1108    }
1109
1110    fn channel_mask(&self) -> ChannelMask {
1111        self.blocks.channel_mask()
1112    }
1113
1114    /// Returns sample rate, in Hz
1115    fn sample_rate(&self) -> u32 {
1116        self.blocks.streaminfo().sample_rate
1117    }
1118
1119    /// Returns decoder's bits-per-sample
1120    ///
1121    /// From 1 to 32
1122    fn bits_per_sample(&self) -> u32 {
1123        self.blocks.streaminfo().bits_per_sample.into()
1124    }
1125
1126    /// Returns total number of channel-independent samples, if known
1127    fn total_samples(&self) -> Option<NonZero<u64>> {
1128        self.blocks.streaminfo().total_samples
1129    }
1130
1131    /// Returns MD5 of entire stream, if known
1132    fn md5(&self) -> Option<&[u8; 16]> {
1133        self.blocks.streaminfo().md5.as_ref()
1134    }
1135
1136    /// Returns FLAC metadata
1137    fn metadata(&self) -> &BlockList {
1138        &self.blocks
1139    }
1140
1141    /// Returns decoded frame, if any.
1142    ///
1143    /// # Errors
1144    ///
1145    /// Returns any decoding error from the stream.
1146    fn read_frame(&mut self) -> Result<Option<&Frame>, Error> {
1147        use crate::crc::{Checksum, Crc16, CrcReader};
1148        use crate::stream::FrameHeader;
1149        use bitstream_io::{BigEndian, BitReader};
1150        use std::io::Read;
1151
1152        let mut crc16_reader: CrcReader<_, Crc16> = CrcReader::new(self.reader.by_ref());
1153
1154        let header = match self
1155            .blocks
1156            .streaminfo()
1157            .total_samples
1158            .map(|total| total.get() - self.current_sample)
1159        {
1160            Some(0) => return Ok(None),
1161            Some(remaining) => FrameHeader::read(crc16_reader.by_ref(), self.blocks.streaminfo())
1162                .and_then(|header| {
1163                // only the last block in a stream may contain <= 14 samples
1164                let block_size = u16::from(header.block_size);
1165                (u64::from(block_size) == remaining || block_size > 14)
1166                    .then_some(header)
1167                    .ok_or(Error::ShortBlock)
1168            })?,
1169            // if total number of remaining samples isn't known,
1170            // treat an EOF error as the end of stream
1171            // (this is an uncommon case)
1172            None => match FrameHeader::read(crc16_reader.by_ref(), self.blocks.streaminfo()) {
1173                Ok(header) => header,
1174                Err(Error::Io(err)) if err.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof => {
1175                    return Ok(None);
1176                }
1177                Err(err) => return Err(err),
1178            },
1179        };
1180
1181        read_subframes(
1182            BitReader::endian(crc16_reader.by_ref(), BigEndian),
1183            &header,
1184            &mut self.buf,
1185        )?;
1186
1187        if !crc16_reader.into_checksum().valid() {
1188            return Err(Error::Crc16Mismatch);
1189        }
1190
1191        self.current_sample += u64::from(u16::from(header.block_size));
1192
1193        Ok(Some(&self.buf))
1194    }
1195}
1196
1197impl<R: std::io::Seek> Decoder<R> {
1198    /// Attempts to seek to desired sample number
1199    ///
1200    /// Sample number is indicated in channel-independent samples.
1201    ///
1202    /// Upon success, returns the actual sample number
1203    /// the stream is positioned to, in channel-independent samples,
1204    /// which may be less than the desired sample.
1205    ///
1206    /// # Errors
1207    ///
1208    /// Passes along an I/O error that occurs when seeking
1209    /// within the file.
1210    fn seek(&mut self, frames_start: u64, sample: u64) -> Result<u64, Error> {
1211        use crate::metadata::SeekPoint;
1212        use std::io::SeekFrom;
1213
1214        match self.blocks.get() {
1215            Some(SeekTable { points: seektable }) => {
1216                match seektable
1217                    .iter()
1218                    .filter(|point| {
1219                        point
1220                            .sample_offset()
1221                            .map(|offset| offset <= sample)
1222                            .unwrap_or(false)
1223                    })
1224                    .next_back()
1225                {
1226                    Some(SeekPoint::Defined {
1227                        sample_offset,
1228                        byte_offset,
1229                        ..
1230                    }) => {
1231                        assert!(*sample_offset <= sample);
1232                        self.reader
1233                            .seek(SeekFrom::Start(frames_start + byte_offset))?;
1234                        self.current_sample = *sample_offset;
1235                        Ok(*sample_offset)
1236                    }
1237                    _ => {
1238                        // empty seektable so rewind to start of stream
1239                        self.reader.seek(SeekFrom::Start(frames_start))?;
1240                        self.current_sample = 0;
1241                        Ok(0)
1242                    }
1243                }
1244            }
1245            None => {
1246                // no seektable
1247                // all we can do is rewind data to start of stream
1248                self.reader.seek(SeekFrom::Start(frames_start))?;
1249                self.current_sample = 0;
1250                Ok(0)
1251            }
1252        }
1253    }
1254}
1255
1256fn read_subframes<R: BitRead>(
1257    mut reader: R,
1258    header: &crate::stream::FrameHeader,
1259    buf: &mut Frame,
1260) -> Result<(), Error> {
1261    use crate::stream::ChannelAssignment;
1262
1263    match header.channel_assignment {
1264        ChannelAssignment::Independent(total_channels) => {
1265            buf.resized_channels(
1266                header.bits_per_sample.into(),
1267                total_channels.into(),
1268                u16::from(header.block_size).into(),
1269            )
1270            .try_for_each(|channel| {
1271                read_subframe(&mut reader, header.bits_per_sample.into(), channel)
1272            })?;
1273        }
1274        ChannelAssignment::LeftSide => {
1275            let (left, side) = buf.resized_stereo(
1276                header.bits_per_sample.into(),
1277                u16::from(header.block_size).into(),
1278            );
1279
1280            read_subframe(&mut reader, header.bits_per_sample.into(), left)?;
1281
1282            match header.bits_per_sample.checked_add(1) {
1283                Some(side_bps) => {
1284                    read_subframe(&mut reader, side_bps, side)?;
1285
1286                    left.iter().zip(side.iter_mut()).for_each(|(left, side)| {
1287                        *side = *left - *side;
1288                    });
1289                }
1290                None => {
1291                    // the very rare case of 32-bps streams
1292                    // accompanied by side channels
1293                    let mut side_i64 = vec![0; side.len()];
1294
1295                    read_subframe::<33, R, i64>(
1296                        &mut reader,
1297                        SignedBitCount::from(header.bits_per_sample)
1298                            .checked_add(1)
1299                            .expect("excessive bps for substream"),
1300                        &mut side_i64,
1301                    )?;
1302
1303                    left.iter().zip(side_i64).zip(side.iter_mut()).for_each(
1304                        |((left, side_i64), side)| {
1305                            *side = (*left as i64 - side_i64) as i32;
1306                        },
1307                    );
1308                }
1309            }
1310        }
1311        ChannelAssignment::SideRight => {
1312            let (side, right) = buf.resized_stereo(
1313                header.bits_per_sample.into(),
1314                u16::from(header.block_size).into(),
1315            );
1316
1317            match header.bits_per_sample.checked_add(1) {
1318                Some(side_bps) => {
1319                    read_subframe(&mut reader, side_bps, side)?;
1320                    read_subframe(&mut reader, header.bits_per_sample.into(), right)?;
1321
1322                    side.iter_mut().zip(right.iter()).for_each(|(side, right)| {
1323                        *side += *right;
1324                    });
1325                }
1326                None => {
1327                    // the very rare case of 32-bps streams
1328                    // accompanied by side channels
1329                    let mut side_i64 = vec![0; side.len()];
1330
1331                    read_subframe::<33, R, i64>(
1332                        &mut reader,
1333                        SignedBitCount::from(header.bits_per_sample)
1334                            .checked_add(1)
1335                            .expect("excessive bps for substream"),
1336                        &mut side_i64,
1337                    )?;
1338                    read_subframe(&mut reader, header.bits_per_sample.into(), right)?;
1339
1340                    side.iter_mut().zip(side_i64).zip(right.iter()).for_each(
1341                        |((side, side_64), right)| {
1342                            *side = (side_64 + *right as i64) as i32;
1343                        },
1344                    );
1345                }
1346            }
1347        }
1348        ChannelAssignment::MidSide => {
1349            let (mid, side) = buf.resized_stereo(
1350                header.bits_per_sample.into(),
1351                u16::from(header.block_size).into(),
1352            );
1353
1354            read_subframe(&mut reader, header.bits_per_sample.into(), mid)?;
1355
1356            match header.bits_per_sample.checked_add(1) {
1357                Some(side_bps) => {
1358                    read_subframe(&mut reader, side_bps, side)?;
1359
1360                    mid.iter_mut().zip(side.iter_mut()).for_each(|(mid, side)| {
1361                        let sum = *mid * 2 + side.abs() % 2;
1362                        *mid = (sum + *side) >> 1;
1363                        *side = (sum - *side) >> 1;
1364                    });
1365                }
1366                None => {
1367                    // the very rare case of 32-bps streams
1368                    // accompanied by side channels
1369                    let mut side_i64 = vec![0; side.len()];
1370
1371                    read_subframe::<33, R, i64>(
1372                        &mut reader,
1373                        SignedBitCount::from(header.bits_per_sample)
1374                            .checked_add(1)
1375                            .expect("excessive bps for substream"),
1376                        &mut side_i64,
1377                    )?;
1378
1379                    mid.iter_mut().zip(side.iter_mut()).zip(side_i64).for_each(
1380                        |((mid, side), side_i64)| {
1381                            let sum = *mid as i64 * 2 + (side_i64.abs() % 2);
1382                            *mid = ((sum + side_i64) >> 1) as i32;
1383                            *side = ((sum - side_i64) >> 1) as i32;
1384                        },
1385                    );
1386                }
1387            }
1388        }
1389    }
1390
1391    reader.byte_align();
1392    reader.skip(16)?; // CRC-16 checksum
1393
1394    Ok(())
1395}
1396
1397fn read_subframe<const MAX: u32, R: BitRead, I: SignedInteger>(
1398    reader: &mut R,
1399    bits_per_sample: SignedBitCount<MAX>,
1400    channel: &mut [I],
1401) -> Result<(), Error> {
1402    use crate::stream::{SubframeHeader, SubframeHeaderType};
1403
1404    let header = reader.parse::<SubframeHeader>()?;
1405
1406    let effective_bps = bits_per_sample
1407        .checked_sub::<MAX>(header.wasted_bps)
1408        .ok_or(Error::ExcessiveWastedBits)?;
1409
1410    match header.type_ {
1411        SubframeHeaderType::Constant => {
1412            channel.fill(reader.read_signed_counted(effective_bps)?);
1413        }
1414        SubframeHeaderType::Verbatim => {
1415            channel.iter_mut().try_for_each(|i| {
1416                *i = reader.read_signed_counted(effective_bps)?;
1417                Ok::<(), Error>(())
1418            })?;
1419        }
1420        SubframeHeaderType::Fixed { order } => {
1421            read_fixed_subframe(
1422                reader,
1423                effective_bps,
1424                SubframeHeaderType::FIXED_COEFFS[order as usize],
1425                channel,
1426            )?;
1427        }
1428        SubframeHeaderType::Lpc { order } => {
1429            read_lpc_subframe(reader, effective_bps, order, channel)?;
1430        }
1431    }
1432
1433    if header.wasted_bps > 0 {
1434        channel.iter_mut().for_each(|i| *i <<= header.wasted_bps);
1435    }
1436
1437    Ok(())
1438}
1439
1440fn read_fixed_subframe<const MAX: u32, R: BitRead, I: SignedInteger>(
1441    reader: &mut R,
1442    bits_per_sample: SignedBitCount<MAX>,
1443    coefficients: &[i64],
1444    channel: &mut [I],
1445) -> Result<(), Error> {
1446    let (warm_up, residuals) = channel
1447        .split_at_mut_checked(coefficients.len())
1448        .ok_or(Error::InvalidFixedOrder)?;
1449
1450    warm_up.iter_mut().try_for_each(|s| {
1451        *s = reader.read_signed_counted(bits_per_sample)?;
1452        Ok::<_, std::io::Error>(())
1453    })?;
1454
1455    read_residuals(reader, coefficients.len(), residuals)?;
1456    predict(coefficients, 0, channel);
1457    Ok(())
1458}
1459
1460fn read_lpc_subframe<const MAX: u32, R: BitRead, I: SignedInteger>(
1461    reader: &mut R,
1462    bits_per_sample: SignedBitCount<MAX>,
1463    predictor_order: NonZero<u8>,
1464    channel: &mut [I],
1465) -> Result<(), Error> {
1466    let mut coefficients: [i64; 32] = [0; 32];
1467
1468    let (warm_up, residuals) = channel
1469        .split_at_mut_checked(predictor_order.get().into())
1470        .ok_or(Error::InvalidLpcOrder)?;
1471
1472    warm_up.iter_mut().try_for_each(|s| {
1473        *s = reader.read_signed_counted(bits_per_sample)?;
1474        Ok::<_, std::io::Error>(())
1475    })?;
1476
1477    let qlp_precision: SignedBitCount<15> = reader
1478        .read_count::<0b1111>()?
1479        .checked_add(1)
1480        .and_then(|c| c.signed_count())
1481        .ok_or(Error::InvalidQlpPrecision)?;
1482
1483    let qlp_shift: u32 = reader
1484        .read::<5, i32>()?
1485        .try_into()
1486        .map_err(|_| Error::NegativeLpcShift)?;
1487
1488    let coefficients = &mut coefficients[0..predictor_order.get().into()];
1489
1490    coefficients.iter_mut().try_for_each(|c| {
1491        *c = reader.read_signed_counted(qlp_precision)?;
1492        Ok::<_, std::io::Error>(())
1493    })?;
1494
1495    read_residuals(reader, coefficients.len(), residuals)?;
1496    predict(coefficients, qlp_shift, channel);
1497    Ok(())
1498}
1499
1500fn predict<I: SignedInteger>(coefficients: &[i64], qlp_shift: u32, channel: &mut [I]) {
1501    for split in coefficients.len()..channel.len() {
1502        let (predicted, residuals) = channel.split_at_mut(split);
1503
1504        residuals[0] += I::from_i64(
1505            predicted
1506                .iter()
1507                .rev()
1508                .zip(coefficients)
1509                .map(|(x, y)| (*x).into() * y)
1510                .sum::<i64>()
1511                >> qlp_shift,
1512        );
1513    }
1514}
1515
1516#[test]
1517fn verify_prediction() {
1518    let mut coefficients = [-75, 166, 121, -269, -75, -399, 1042];
1519    let mut buffer = [
1520        -796, -547, -285, -32, 199, 443, 670, -2, -23, 14, 6, 3, -4, 12, -2, 10,
1521    ];
1522    coefficients.reverse();
1523    predict(&coefficients, 9, &mut buffer);
1524    assert_eq!(
1525        &buffer,
1526        &[
1527            -796, -547, -285, -32, 199, 443, 670, 875, 1046, 1208, 1343, 1454, 1541, 1616, 1663,
1528            1701
1529        ]
1530    );
1531
1532    let mut coefficients = [119, -255, 555, -836, 879, -1199, 1757];
1533    let mut buffer = [-21363, -21951, -22649, -24364, -27297, -26870, -30017, 3157];
1534    coefficients.reverse();
1535    predict(&coefficients, 10, &mut buffer);
1536    assert_eq!(
1537        &buffer,
1538        &[
1539            -21363, -21951, -22649, -24364, -27297, -26870, -30017, -29718
1540        ]
1541    );
1542
1543    let mut coefficients = [
1544        709, -2589, 4600, -4612, 1350, 4220, -9743, 12671, -12129, 8586, -3775, -645, 3904, -5543,
1545        4373, 182, -6873, 13265, -15417, 11550,
1546    ];
1547    let mut buffer = [
1548        213238, 210830, 234493, 209515, 235139, 201836, 208151, 186277, 157720, 148176, 115037,
1549        104836, 60794, 54523, 412, 17943, -6025, -3713, 8373, 11764, 30094,
1550    ];
1551    coefficients.reverse();
1552    predict(&coefficients, 12, &mut buffer);
1553    assert_eq!(
1554        &buffer,
1555        &[
1556            213238, 210830, 234493, 209515, 235139, 201836, 208151, 186277, 157720, 148176, 115037,
1557            104836, 60794, 54523, 412, 17943, -6025, -3713, 8373, 11764, 33931,
1558        ]
1559    );
1560}
1561
1562fn read_residuals<R: BitRead, I: SignedInteger>(
1563    reader: &mut R,
1564    predictor_order: usize,
1565    residuals: &mut [I],
1566) -> Result<(), Error> {
1567    fn read_block<const RICE_MAX: u32, R: BitRead, I: SignedInteger>(
1568        reader: &mut R,
1569        predictor_order: usize,
1570        mut residuals: &mut [I],
1571    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
1572        use crate::stream::ResidualPartitionHeader;
1573
1574        let block_size = predictor_order + residuals.len();
1575        let partition_order = reader.read::<4, u32>()?;
1576        let partition_count = 1 << partition_order;
1577
1578        for p in 0..partition_count {
1579            let (partition, next) = residuals
1580                .split_at_mut_checked(
1581                    (block_size / partition_count)
1582                        .checked_sub(if p == 0 { predictor_order } else { 0 })
1583                        .ok_or(Error::InvalidPartitionOrder)?,
1584                )
1585                .ok_or(Error::InvalidPartitionOrder)?;
1586
1587            match reader.parse()? {
1588                ResidualPartitionHeader::Standard { rice } => {
1589                    partition.iter_mut().try_for_each(|s| {
1590                        let msb = reader.read_unary::<1>()?;
1591                        let lsb = reader.read_counted::<RICE_MAX, u32>(rice)?;
1592                        let unsigned = (msb << u32::from(rice)) | lsb;
1593                        *s = if (unsigned & 1) == 1 {
1594                            -(I::from_u32(unsigned >> 1)) - I::ONE
1595                        } else {
1596                            I::from_u32(unsigned >> 1)
1597                        };
1598                        Ok::<(), std::io::Error>(())
1599                    })?;
1600                }
1601                ResidualPartitionHeader::Escaped { escape_size } => {
1602                    partition.iter_mut().try_for_each(|s| {
1603                        *s = reader.read_signed_counted(escape_size)?;
1604                        Ok::<(), std::io::Error>(())
1605                    })?;
1606                }
1607                ResidualPartitionHeader::Constant => {
1608                    partition.fill(I::ZERO);
1609                }
1610            }
1611
1612            residuals = next;
1613        }
1614
1615        Ok(())
1616    }
1617
1618    match reader.read::<2, u8>()? {
1619        0 => read_block::<0b1111, R, I>(reader, predictor_order, residuals),
1620        1 => read_block::<0b11111, R, I>(reader, predictor_order, residuals),
1621        _ => Err(Error::InvalidCodingMethod),
1622    }
1623}