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//! Shared Model2Vec resources for tokenizer and embedding matrix.
//!
//! `Model2VecResources` loads the tokenizer and token embedding matrix once,
//! then provides encoding methods used by multiple consumers:
//! - `SemanticHintClassifier` (header → type matching)
//! - `EntityClassifier` (value → entity subtype demotion)
//! - `SenseClassifier` (column → broad category routing)
//!
//! This avoids loading the ~7.4MB embedding matrix multiple times.
//! Artifacts are prepared by `scripts/prepare_model2vec.py` and stored
//! in `models/model2vec/`.
use crate::inference::InferenceError;
use candle_core::{DType, Device, Tensor};
use std::path::Path;
/// Shared Model2Vec tokenizer and embedding matrix.
///
/// Load once via [`Model2VecResources::load`] or [`Model2VecResources::from_bytes`],
/// then pass (via `Arc<Model2VecResources>`) to classifiers that need value encoding.
pub struct Model2VecResources {
tokenizer: tokenizers::Tokenizer,
/// Token embedding matrix: [vocab_size, embed_dim]
embeddings: Tensor,
device: Device,
}
impl Model2VecResources {
/// Load from a directory containing `tokenizer.json` and `model.safetensors`.
pub fn load<P: AsRef<Path>>(model_dir: P) -> Result<Self, InferenceError> {
let dir = model_dir.as_ref();
let tokenizer_bytes = std::fs::read(dir.join("tokenizer.json"))?;
let model_bytes = std::fs::read(dir.join("model.safetensors"))?;
Self::from_bytes(&tokenizer_bytes, &model_bytes)
}
/// Load from in-memory byte slices (for compile-time embedding via `build.rs`).
pub fn from_bytes(tokenizer_bytes: &[u8], model_bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, InferenceError> {
let device = Device::Cpu;
let tokenizer = tokenizers::Tokenizer::from_bytes(tokenizer_bytes).map_err(|e| {
InferenceError::InvalidPath(format!("Failed to load Model2Vec tokenizer: {}", e))
})?;
// Load token embeddings — stored as float16, convert to float32 for computation
let model_tensors = candle_core::safetensors::load_buffer(model_bytes, &device)?;
let embeddings = model_tensors
.get("embeddings")
.ok_or_else(|| {
InferenceError::InvalidPath(
"Missing 'embeddings' tensor in model.safetensors".into(),
)
})?
.to_dtype(DType::F32)?;
Ok(Self {
tokenizer,
embeddings,
device,
})
}
/// Embedding dimension (e.g. 128 for potion-base-4M).
pub fn embed_dim(&self) -> Result<usize, InferenceError> {
Ok(self.embeddings.dim(1)?)
}
/// Reference to the tokenizer (for consumers that need custom tokenization).
pub fn tokenizer(&self) -> &tokenizers::Tokenizer {
&self.tokenizer
}
/// Reference to the raw embedding matrix `[vocab_size, embed_dim]`.
///
/// Clone is O(1) due to Arc-backed Tensor storage.
pub fn embeddings(&self) -> &Tensor {
&self.embeddings
}
/// Reference to the device.
pub fn device(&self) -> &Device {
&self.device
}
/// Encode a single string → L2-normalised embedding `[embed_dim]`.
///
/// Pipeline: tokenize → filter PAD (id=0) → index_select → mean pool → L2 normalize.
/// Returns `None` for empty/untokenizable input or zero-norm embeddings.
pub fn encode_one(&self, text: &str) -> Option<Tensor> {
if text.is_empty() {
return None;
}
let encoding = self.tokenizer.encode(text, false).ok()?;
let ids = encoding.get_ids();
// Filter PAD tokens (id=0). We encode with add_special_tokens=false,
// so CLS/SEP are not present.
let valid_ids: Vec<u32> = ids.iter().copied().filter(|&id| id != 0).collect();
if valid_ids.is_empty() {
return None;
}
let id_tensor = Tensor::new(valid_ids.as_slice(), &self.device).ok()?;
let token_embeds = self.embeddings.index_select(&id_tensor, 0).ok()?; // [n_tokens, dim]
let mean_embed = token_embeds.mean(0).ok()?; // [dim]
// L2 normalize
let norm = mean_embed
.sqr()
.ok()?
.sum_all()
.ok()?
.sqrt()
.ok()?
.to_scalar::<f32>()
.ok()?;
if norm < 1e-8 {
return None;
}
(mean_embed / norm as f64).ok()
}
/// Encode multiple strings → L2-normalised mean-pooled embeddings `[N, embed_dim]`.
///
/// Each row is the mean of token embeddings for the corresponding input string,
/// then L2-normalised to unit length. This matches the output of Python's
/// `model2vec.StaticModel.encode()` which always returns normalised vectors.
///
/// Rows for empty/untokenizable strings are zero vectors (norm=0).
pub fn encode_batch(&self, texts: &[&str]) -> Result<Tensor, InferenceError> {
let embed_dim = self.embeddings.dim(1)?;
if texts.is_empty() {
return Ok(Tensor::zeros((0, embed_dim), DType::F32, &self.device)?);
}
let mut all_embeddings: Vec<f32> = Vec::with_capacity(texts.len() * embed_dim);
for text in texts {
let encoding = self.tokenizer.encode(*text, false).map_err(|e| {
InferenceError::InvalidPath(format!("Tokenizer encode failed: {}", e))
})?;
let ids = encoding.get_ids();
let valid_ids: Vec<u32> = ids.iter().copied().filter(|&id| id != 0).collect();
if valid_ids.is_empty() {
// Zero embedding for empty/untokenizable values
all_embeddings.extend(std::iter::repeat_n(0.0f32, embed_dim));
continue;
}
let id_tensor = Tensor::new(valid_ids.as_slice(), &self.device)?;
let token_embeds = self.embeddings.index_select(&id_tensor, 0)?;
let mean_embed = token_embeds.mean(0)?;
let mut row: Vec<f32> = mean_embed.to_vec1()?;
// L2-normalise to match Python model2vec.encode() output
let norm: f32 = row.iter().map(|v| v * v).sum::<f32>().sqrt();
if norm > 1e-8 {
for v in &mut row {
*v /= norm;
}
}
all_embeddings.extend_from_slice(&row);
}
Ok(Tensor::from_vec(
all_embeddings,
(texts.len(), embed_dim),
&self.device,
)?)
}
}
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// TESTS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
/// Build a minimal WordPiece tokenizer for testing.
///
/// Vocab: [PAD]=0, [UNK]=1, email=2, phone=3, number=4, data=5
fn make_test_tokenizer() -> tokenizers::Tokenizer {
let tokenizer_json = r###"{
"version": "1.0",
"model": {
"type": "WordPiece",
"unk_token": "[UNK]",
"continuing_subword_prefix": "##",
"max_input_chars_per_word": 100,
"vocab": {
"[PAD]": 0,
"[UNK]": 1,
"email": 2,
"phone": 3,
"number": 4,
"data": 5
}
},
"normalizer": {
"type": "BertNormalizer",
"clean_text": true,
"handle_chinese_chars": true,
"strip_accents": null,
"lowercase": true
},
"pre_tokenizer": { "type": "BertPreTokenizer" }
}"###;
tokenizers::Tokenizer::from_bytes(tokenizer_json.as_bytes())
.expect("test tokenizer should parse")
}
/// Standard token embeddings [6, 4] for testing.
fn make_test_embeddings(device: &Device) -> Tensor {
#[rustfmt::skip]
let emb_data: Vec<f32> = vec![
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, // [PAD] = 0
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, // [UNK] = 1
0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, // "email" = 2
0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, // "phone" = 3
0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, // "number" = 4
0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, // "data" = 5
];
Tensor::from_vec(emb_data, (6, 4), device).expect("test embeddings")
}
/// Build test Model2VecResources with known embeddings.
fn make_test_resources() -> Model2VecResources {
let device = Device::Cpu;
Model2VecResources {
tokenizer: make_test_tokenizer(),
embeddings: make_test_embeddings(&device),
device,
}
}
#[test]
fn test_embed_dim() {
let res = make_test_resources();
assert_eq!(res.embed_dim().unwrap(), 4);
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_one_known_token() {
let res = make_test_resources();
// "email" → token 2 → embedding [0, 1, 0, 0] → already unit norm
let emb = res.encode_one("email").expect("should encode 'email'");
let v: Vec<f32> = emb.to_vec1().unwrap();
assert_eq!(v.len(), 4);
// After L2 normalisation: [0, 1, 0, 0] (already unit)
assert!(
(v[1] - 1.0).abs() < 1e-5,
"expected v[1] ≈ 1.0, got {}",
v[1]
);
assert!(v[0].abs() < 1e-5);
assert!(v[2].abs() < 1e-5);
assert!(v[3].abs() < 1e-5);
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_one_multi_token() {
let res = make_test_resources();
// "phone number" → tokens [3, 4] → embeddings [0,0,1,0] + [0,0,0.5,0.5]
// Mean: [0, 0, 0.75, 0.25] → norm = sqrt(0.75² + 0.25²) = sqrt(0.625) ≈ 0.7906
// Normalised: [0, 0, 0.9487, 0.3162]
let emb = res
.encode_one("phone number")
.expect("should encode 'phone number'");
let v: Vec<f32> = emb.to_vec1().unwrap();
assert_eq!(v.len(), 4);
// Verify L2 norm ≈ 1.0
let norm: f32 = v.iter().map(|x| x * x).sum::<f32>().sqrt();
assert!(
(norm - 1.0).abs() < 1e-4,
"expected unit norm, got {}",
norm
);
// Third component should be largest (phone=1.0 + number=0.5 → mean 0.75)
assert!(v[2] > v[3], "expected v[2] > v[3]");
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_one_unk_token() {
let res = make_test_resources();
// "xyz" → token [UNK]=1 → embedding [0,0,0,0] → zero norm → None
let result = res.encode_one("xyz");
assert!(result.is_none(), "UNK-only input should return None");
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_one_empty() {
let res = make_test_resources();
assert!(res.encode_one("").is_none());
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_one_pad_filtering() {
let res = make_test_resources();
// Tokens that resolve to PAD (id=0) should be filtered out.
// With our test tokenizer, [PAD] is a known token but gets filtered.
// "email" has a real token, so it should still work.
let emb = res
.encode_one("email")
.expect("should encode despite PAD filtering");
let v: Vec<f32> = emb.to_vec1().unwrap();
assert!((v[1] - 1.0).abs() < 1e-5);
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_batch_shapes() {
let res = make_test_resources();
let texts = &["email", "phone", "data"];
let batch = res.encode_batch(texts).unwrap();
// Shape should be [3, 4]
assert_eq!(batch.dims(), &[3, 4]);
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_batch_empty() {
let res = make_test_resources();
let batch = res.encode_batch(&[]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(batch.dims(), &[0, 4]);
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_batch_values_match_individual() {
let res = make_test_resources();
// encode_batch should produce L2-normalised mean-pool for each input,
// matching Python model2vec.encode() output.
let texts = &["email", "phone number"];
let batch = res.encode_batch(texts).unwrap();
// Row 0: "email" → token 2 → [0, 1, 0, 0] → L2-norm → [0, 1, 0, 0]
let row0: Vec<f32> = batch.get(0).unwrap().to_vec1().unwrap();
assert!((row0[1] - 1.0).abs() < 1e-5);
// Row 1: "phone number" → tokens [3, 4] → mean([0,0,1,0], [0,0,0.5,0.5]) = [0, 0, 0.75, 0.25]
// L2-norm of [0, 0, 0.75, 0.25] = sqrt(0.75^2 + 0.25^2) = sqrt(0.625) ≈ 0.7906
// Normalised: [0, 0, 0.75/0.7906, 0.25/0.7906] ≈ [0, 0, 0.9487, 0.3162]
let row1: Vec<f32> = batch.get(1).unwrap().to_vec1().unwrap();
let norm: f32 = (0.75f32.powi(2) + 0.25f32.powi(2)).sqrt();
assert!(
(row1[2] - 0.75 / norm).abs() < 1e-4,
"expected {}, got {}",
0.75 / norm,
row1[2]
);
assert!(
(row1[3] - 0.25 / norm).abs() < 1e-4,
"expected {}, got {}",
0.25 / norm,
row1[3]
);
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_batch_unk_produces_zeros() {
let res = make_test_resources();
// "xyz" → [UNK] → zero embedding → zero row in batch
let batch = res.encode_batch(&["xyz"]).unwrap();
let row: Vec<f32> = batch.get(0).unwrap().to_vec1().unwrap();
assert!(
row.iter().all(|&v| v.abs() < 1e-8),
"UNK input should produce zero row, got {:?}",
row
);
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_batch_normalised() {
let res = make_test_resources();
// "data" → token 5 → [0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1]
// encode_batch returns L2-normalised vectors matching Python model2vec.encode()
let batch = res.encode_batch(&["data"]).unwrap();
let row: Vec<f32> = batch.get(0).unwrap().to_vec1().unwrap();
let norm: f32 = row.iter().map(|x| x * x).sum::<f32>().sqrt();
// [0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1] → L2-norm → [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5], norm = 1.0
assert!(
(norm - 1.0).abs() < 1e-4,
"encode_batch should L2-normalise; norm = {}",
norm
);
// Each component should be 0.5 (= 0.1 / 0.2)
assert!((row[0] - 0.5).abs() < 1e-4, "expected 0.5, got {}", row[0]);
}
/// Integration test: load real model artifacts from disk (skip if not present).
#[test]
fn test_load_from_disk_if_available() {
let model_dir = std::path::PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
.parent()
.unwrap()
.parent()
.unwrap()
.join("models")
.join("model2vec");
if !model_dir.join("model.safetensors").exists() {
eprintln!("Skipping integration test: models/model2vec not found");
return;
}
let resources = Model2VecResources::load(&model_dir).unwrap();
// potion-base-4M has 128-dim embeddings
assert_eq!(resources.embed_dim().unwrap(), 128);
// encode_one should produce a unit-norm vector
let emb = resources
.encode_one("email address")
.expect("should encode 'email address'");
let v: Vec<f32> = emb.to_vec1().unwrap();
assert_eq!(v.len(), 128);
let norm: f32 = v.iter().map(|x| x * x).sum::<f32>().sqrt();
assert!(
(norm - 1.0).abs() < 1e-3,
"encode_one should return unit norm, got {}",
norm
);
// encode_batch should produce [3, 128]
let batch = resources.encode_batch(&["hello", "world", "test"]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(batch.dims(), &[3, 128]);
// encode_one("email") and encode_batch(["email"])[0] should be related
// (encode_one normalises, encode_batch doesn't, but direction should match)
let one = resources.encode_one("email").unwrap();
let batch_one = resources.encode_batch(&["email"]).unwrap();
let row0: Vec<f32> = batch_one.get(0).unwrap().to_vec1().unwrap();
let one_v: Vec<f32> = one.to_vec1().unwrap();
// Cosine similarity between normalised and unnormalised should be ~1.0
let batch_norm: f32 = row0.iter().map(|x| x * x).sum::<f32>().sqrt();
let dot: f32 = one_v.iter().zip(row0.iter()).map(|(a, b)| a * b).sum();
let cos_sim = dot / batch_norm;
assert!(
cos_sim > 0.999,
"encode_one and encode_batch should agree on direction, cos_sim = {}",
cos_sim
);
}
}