1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
/// Supported regions for Yahoo Finance regional APIs
///
/// Each region has predefined language and region codes that work together.
/// Using the Region enum ensures correct lang/region pairing.
#[non_exhaustive]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum Region {
/// Argentina (es-AR, AR)
#[serde(rename = "AR")]
Argentina,
/// Australia (en-AU, AU)
#[serde(rename = "AU")]
Australia,
/// Brazil (pt-BR, BR)
#[serde(rename = "BR")]
Brazil,
/// Canada (en-CA, CA)
#[serde(rename = "CA")]
Canada,
/// China (zh-CN, CN)
#[serde(rename = "CN")]
China,
/// Denmark (da-DK, DK)
#[serde(rename = "DK")]
Denmark,
/// Finland (fi-FI, FI)
#[serde(rename = "FI")]
Finland,
/// France (fr-FR, FR)
#[serde(rename = "FR")]
France,
/// Germany (de-DE, DE)
#[serde(rename = "DE")]
Germany,
/// Greece (el-GR, GR)
#[serde(rename = "GR")]
Greece,
/// Hong Kong (zh-Hant-HK, HK)
#[serde(rename = "HK")]
HongKong,
/// India (en-IN, IN)
#[serde(rename = "IN")]
India,
/// Israel (he-IL, IL)
#[serde(rename = "IL")]
Israel,
/// Italy (it-IT, IT)
#[serde(rename = "IT")]
Italy,
/// Japan (ja-JP, JP)
#[serde(rename = "JP")]
Japan,
/// South Korea (ko-KR, KR)
#[serde(rename = "KR")]
Korea,
/// Malaysia (ms-MY, MY)
#[serde(rename = "MY")]
Malaysia,
/// Mexico (es-MX, MX)
#[serde(rename = "MX")]
Mexico,
/// New Zealand (en-NZ, NZ)
#[serde(rename = "NZ")]
NewZealand,
/// Norway (nb-NO, NO)
#[serde(rename = "NO")]
Norway,
/// Portugal (pt-PT, PT)
#[serde(rename = "PT")]
Portugal,
/// Qatar (ar-QA, QA)
#[serde(rename = "QA")]
Qatar,
/// Russia (ru-RU, RU)
#[serde(rename = "RU")]
Russia,
/// Singapore (en-SG, SG)
#[serde(rename = "SG")]
Singapore,
/// Spain (es-ES, ES)
#[serde(rename = "ES")]
Spain,
/// Sweden (sv-SE, SE)
#[serde(rename = "SE")]
Sweden,
/// Taiwan (zh-TW, TW)
#[serde(rename = "TW")]
Taiwan,
/// Thailand (th-TH, TH)
#[serde(rename = "TH")]
Thailand,
/// Turkey (tr-TR, TR)
#[serde(rename = "TR")]
Turkey,
/// United Kingdom (en-GB, GB)
#[serde(rename = "GB", alias = "UK")]
UnitedKingdom,
/// United States (en-US, US) - Default
#[default]
#[serde(rename = "US")]
UnitedStates,
/// Vietnam (vi-VN, VN)
#[serde(rename = "VN")]
Vietnam,
}
impl Region {
/// Get the language code for this region
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use finance_query::Region;
///
/// assert_eq!(Region::France.lang(), "fr-FR");
/// assert_eq!(Region::UnitedStates.lang(), "en-US");
/// ```
pub fn lang(&self) -> &'static str {
match self {
Region::Argentina => "es-AR",
Region::Australia => "en-AU",
Region::Brazil => "pt-BR",
Region::Canada => "en-CA",
Region::China => "zh-CN",
Region::Denmark => "da-DK",
Region::Finland => "fi-FI",
Region::France => "fr-FR",
Region::Germany => "de-DE",
Region::Greece => "el-GR",
Region::HongKong => "zh-Hant-HK",
Region::India => "en-IN",
Region::Israel => "he-IL",
Region::Italy => "it-IT",
Region::Japan => "ja-JP",
Region::Korea => "ko-KR",
Region::Malaysia => "ms-MY",
Region::Mexico => "es-MX",
Region::NewZealand => "en-NZ",
Region::Norway => "nb-NO",
Region::Portugal => "pt-PT",
Region::Qatar => "ar-QA",
Region::Russia => "ru-RU",
Region::Singapore => "en-SG",
Region::Spain => "es-ES",
Region::Sweden => "sv-SE",
Region::Taiwan => "zh-TW",
Region::Thailand => "th-TH",
Region::Turkey => "tr-TR",
Region::UnitedKingdom => "en-GB",
Region::UnitedStates => "en-US",
Region::Vietnam => "vi-VN",
}
}
/// Get the region code for this region
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use finance_query::Region;
///
/// assert_eq!(Region::France.region(), "FR");
/// assert_eq!(Region::UnitedStates.region(), "US");
/// ```
pub fn region(&self) -> &'static str {
match self {
Region::Argentina => "AR",
Region::Australia => "AU",
Region::Brazil => "BR",
Region::Canada => "CA",
Region::China => "CN",
Region::Denmark => "DK",
Region::Finland => "FI",
Region::France => "FR",
Region::Germany => "DE",
Region::Greece => "GR",
Region::HongKong => "HK",
Region::India => "IN",
Region::Israel => "IL",
Region::Italy => "IT",
Region::Japan => "JP",
Region::Korea => "KR",
Region::Malaysia => "MY",
Region::Mexico => "MX",
Region::NewZealand => "NZ",
Region::Norway => "NO",
Region::Portugal => "PT",
Region::Qatar => "QA",
Region::Russia => "RU",
Region::Singapore => "SG",
Region::Spain => "ES",
Region::Sweden => "SE",
Region::Taiwan => "TW",
Region::Thailand => "TH",
Region::Turkey => "TR",
Region::UnitedKingdom => "GB",
Region::UnitedStates => "US",
Region::Vietnam => "VN",
}
}
/// UTC offset in seconds for the region's primary exchange.
///
/// Returns the standard-time (non-DST) UTC offset of each country's main
/// exchange. This is used by the backtesting engine to align higher-timeframe
/// resampling bucket boundaries to local calendar weeks and months, preventing
/// APAC and other non-UTC exchanges from having bars mis-bucketed into the
/// prior week due to UTC midnight falling inside their local trading day.
///
/// # Note
///
/// DST transitions are not modelled. For exchanges in regions with DST
/// (e.g. NYSE, LSE) the boundary shift is at most ±1 hour and affects only
/// the transition candles. This is a deliberate simplification — exact DST
/// handling would require a timezone database dependency.
pub const fn utc_offset_secs(&self) -> i64 {
match self {
// UTC-5 (NYSE/TSX winter)
Region::UnitedStates | Region::Canada => -18_000,
// UTC-6 (BMV — Mexico abolished DST for most of the country in 2022)
Region::Mexico => -21_600,
// UTC-3 (BYMA / B3 winter)
Region::Argentina | Region::Brazil => -10_800,
// UTC+0 (LSE / Euronext Lisbon)
Region::UnitedKingdom | Region::Portugal => 0,
// UTC+1 (Euronext Paris/Amsterdam/Milan/Madrid, Oslo, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Helsinki)
Region::France
| Region::Germany
| Region::Italy
| Region::Spain
| Region::Norway
| Region::Sweden
| Region::Denmark
| Region::Finland => 3_600,
// UTC+2 (Athens, Tel Aviv, Moscow — note Russia stays UTC+3 year-round)
Region::Greece | Region::Israel => 7_200,
// UTC+3 (MOEX — no DST since 2014; Qatar/AST has no DST)
Region::Turkey | Region::Russia | Region::Qatar => 10_800,
// UTC+5:30 (BSE/NSE — India has no DST)
Region::India => 19_800,
// UTC+7 (SET Bangkok, HSX Hanoi)
Region::Thailand | Region::Vietnam => 25_200,
// UTC+8 (SSE/SZSE, HKEX, SGX, Bursa Malaysia, TWSE)
Region::China
| Region::HongKong
| Region::Singapore
| Region::Malaysia
| Region::Taiwan => 28_800,
// UTC+9 (TSE, KRX — neither observes DST)
Region::Japan | Region::Korea => 32_400,
// UTC+10 (ASX — AEST winter)
Region::Australia => 36_000,
// UTC+12 (NZX — NZST winter)
Region::NewZealand => 43_200,
}
}
}
impl std::str::FromStr for Region {
type Err = ();
fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
match s.to_uppercase().as_str() {
"AR" => Ok(Region::Argentina),
"AU" => Ok(Region::Australia),
"BR" => Ok(Region::Brazil),
"CA" => Ok(Region::Canada),
"CN" => Ok(Region::China),
"DK" => Ok(Region::Denmark),
"FI" => Ok(Region::Finland),
"FR" => Ok(Region::France),
"DE" => Ok(Region::Germany),
"GR" => Ok(Region::Greece),
"HK" => Ok(Region::HongKong),
"IN" => Ok(Region::India),
"IL" => Ok(Region::Israel),
"IT" => Ok(Region::Italy),
"JP" => Ok(Region::Japan),
"KR" => Ok(Region::Korea),
"MY" => Ok(Region::Malaysia),
"MX" => Ok(Region::Mexico),
"NZ" => Ok(Region::NewZealand),
"NO" => Ok(Region::Norway),
"PT" => Ok(Region::Portugal),
"QA" => Ok(Region::Qatar),
"RU" => Ok(Region::Russia),
"SG" => Ok(Region::Singapore),
"ES" => Ok(Region::Spain),
"SE" => Ok(Region::Sweden),
"TW" => Ok(Region::Taiwan),
"TH" => Ok(Region::Thailand),
"TR" => Ok(Region::Turkey),
"GB" | "UK" => Ok(Region::UnitedKingdom),
"US" => Ok(Region::UnitedStates),
"VN" => Ok(Region::Vietnam),
_ => Err(()),
}
}
}
impl From<Region> for String {
/// Returns the lowercase two-letter country code used by the Yahoo Finance screener
/// (e.g. `"us"`, `"gb"`).
fn from(v: Region) -> Self {
v.region().to_lowercase()
}
}