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//! SQLite sink implementation.
use crate::config::{SqliteColumnMapping, SqliteSinkConfig};
use async_trait::async_trait;
use faucet_core::FaucetError;
use faucet_core::util::quote_ident;
use serde_json::Value;
use sqlx::sqlite::{SqliteConnectOptions, SqliteJournalMode, SqlitePoolOptions};
use sqlx::{Row, SqlitePool};
use std::str::FromStr;
use std::time::Duration;
/// Build the `ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE …` tail for an upsert INSERT.
/// Non-key columns are SET from `excluded`. If every column is a key column,
/// emit `DO NOTHING`.
fn on_conflict_clause(key: &[String], all_cols: &[String]) -> String {
let key_list = key
.iter()
.map(|k| quote_ident(k))
.collect::<Vec<_>>()
.join(", ");
let updates: Vec<String> = all_cols
.iter()
.filter(|c| !key.iter().any(|k| k == *c))
.map(|c| format!("{q} = excluded.{q}", q = quote_ident(c)))
.collect();
if updates.is_empty() {
format!("ON CONFLICT({key_list}) DO NOTHING")
} else {
format!(
"ON CONFLICT({key_list}) DO UPDATE SET {}",
updates.join(", ")
)
}
}
/// A sink that writes JSON records to a SQLite table.
pub struct SqliteSink {
config: SqliteSinkConfig,
pool: SqlitePool,
}
impl SqliteSink {
/// Create a new SQLite sink. Establishes a connection pool.
///
/// The pool opens each connection with `journal_mode = WAL` and a 5-second
/// `busy_timeout`. WAL lets a writer and readers proceed concurrently
/// instead of locking each other out, and the busy timeout makes a
/// connection wait-and-retry for the write lock rather than failing
/// immediately with `SQLITE_BUSY` under contention. `create_if_missing`
/// preserves the previous behaviour of creating the database file on first
/// open. WAL on a `sqlite::memory:` database is a harmless no-op.
pub async fn new(config: SqliteSinkConfig) -> Result<Self, FaucetError> {
config.write.validate()?;
if !matches!(config.write.write_mode, faucet_core::WriteMode::Append)
&& !matches!(config.column_mapping, SqliteColumnMapping::AutoMap)
{
return Err(FaucetError::Config(
"sqlite sink: write_mode upsert/delete requires column_mapping: auto_map \
(key columns must be real columns, not inside a JSON blob)"
.into(),
));
}
let options = SqliteConnectOptions::from_str(&config.database_url)
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("invalid SQLite database_url: {e}")))?
.create_if_missing(true)
.journal_mode(SqliteJournalMode::Wal)
.busy_timeout(Duration::from_secs(5));
let pool = SqlitePoolOptions::new()
.max_connections(config.max_connections)
.connect_with(options)
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite connection failed: {e}")))?;
Ok(Self { config, pool })
}
/// Insert JSON-column records within an existing transaction, sub-chunking
/// at SQLite's bind-variable cap. JSON mode binds one variable per row.
async fn insert_json_tx(
&self,
tx: &mut sqlx::Transaction<'_, sqlx::Sqlite>,
records: &[Value],
column: &str,
) -> Result<usize, FaucetError> {
if records.is_empty() {
return Ok(0);
}
// SQLite caps bind params per statement at 32766 (>=3.32). JSON mode
// binds one variable per row, so chunk at that cap.
const MAX_SQLITE_VARS: usize = 32766;
for chunk in records.chunks(MAX_SQLITE_VARS) {
let placeholders: Vec<&str> = chunk.iter().map(|_| "(?)").collect();
let insert_sql = format!(
"INSERT INTO {} ({}) VALUES {}",
quote_ident(&self.config.table_name),
quote_ident(column),
placeholders.join(", ")
);
let mut q = sqlx::query(&insert_sql);
for record in chunk {
let json_str = serde_json::to_string(record)
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("failed to serialize record: {e}")))?;
q = q.bind(json_str);
}
q.execute(&mut **tx)
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite insert failed: {e}")))?;
}
Ok(records.len())
}
/// Insert a batch of records using JSON column mode.
/// Opens its own `BEGIN`/`COMMIT` transaction and delegates to
/// [`Self::insert_json_tx`], which sub-chunks at SQLite's bind-variable cap.
async fn insert_json(&self, records: &[Value], column: &str) -> Result<usize, FaucetError> {
if records.is_empty() {
return Ok(0);
}
let mut tx = self
.pool
.begin()
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite transaction begin failed: {e}")))?;
let n = self.insert_json_tx(&mut tx, records, column).await?;
tx.commit()
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite transaction commit failed: {e}")))?;
Ok(n)
}
/// Insert a batch of records using auto-mapped columns.
///
/// Discovers column names from `pragma_table_info` and maps
/// top-level JSON fields to columns. Uses a single multi-row INSERT
/// wrapped in a transaction.
async fn insert_auto_map(&self, records: &[Value]) -> Result<usize, FaucetError> {
if records.is_empty() {
return Ok(0);
}
let mut tx = self
.pool
.begin()
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite transaction begin failed: {e}")))?;
let written = self.insert_auto_map_tx(&mut tx, records).await?;
tx.commit()
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite transaction commit failed: {e}")))?;
Ok(written)
}
/// Auto-map insert against an in-progress transaction.
///
/// This is the reusable core shared by [`Self::insert_auto_map`] (which
/// opens its own `BEGIN`/`COMMIT`) and [`faucet_core::Sink::write_batch_idempotent`]
/// (which folds the insert and the commit-token upsert into one
/// transaction). The read-only `PRAGMA table_info` column-discovery query
/// runs on the transaction's own connection (`&mut **tx`), not on
/// `&self.pool` — otherwise, with the default single-connection pool, it
/// would deadlock waiting for a connection the open transaction is holding.
///
/// When `conflict_key` is `Some(key)`, each sub-chunk's INSERT is given an
/// `ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE …` tail so it upserts by the key columns
/// (last-write-wins within the batch is handled by the planner's dedup,
/// so a single sub-chunk never double-hits the same conflict target).
async fn insert_auto_map_with_conflict_tx(
&self,
tx: &mut sqlx::Transaction<'_, sqlx::Sqlite>,
records: &[Value],
conflict_key: Option<&[String]>,
) -> Result<usize, FaucetError> {
if records.is_empty() {
return Ok(0);
}
// Get column names from the table using pragma_table_info. Use the
// transaction's connection so a single-connection pool doesn't deadlock.
let columns: Vec<String> = sqlx::query(&format!(
"PRAGMA table_info({})",
quote_ident(&self.config.table_name)
))
.fetch_all(&mut **tx)
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("failed to query table columns: {e}")))?
.iter()
.map(|row| row.get::<String, _>("name"))
.collect();
if columns.is_empty() {
return Err(FaucetError::Sink(format!(
"table '{}' has no columns or does not exist",
self.config.table_name
)));
}
// Pre-validate all records and collect matched column values. The
// INSERT column set is the UNION of table columns present in ANY record
// (in declared table order), not just the first record's keys —
// otherwise a field present only in a later record of the batch would be
// silently dropped (audit #146 H1). A row missing a unioned column binds
// SQL NULL.
let mut matched_rows: Vec<Vec<(&String, &Value)>> = Vec::with_capacity(records.len());
let mut used: std::collections::HashSet<&str> = std::collections::HashSet::new();
for record in records {
let obj = record
.as_object()
.ok_or_else(|| FaucetError::Sink("AutoMap requires JSON object records".into()))?;
let matching: Vec<(&String, &Value)> = columns
.iter()
.filter_map(|col| obj.get(col).map(|v| (col, v)))
.collect();
if matching.is_empty() {
tracing::warn!(
record_keys = ?obj.keys().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
table_columns = ?columns,
"record has no keys matching table columns, skipping"
);
continue;
}
for (c, _) in &matching {
used.insert(c.as_str());
}
matched_rows.push(matching);
}
if matched_rows.is_empty() {
return Ok(0);
}
// Table columns (in declared order) that appear in at least one record.
let insert_columns: Vec<String> = columns
.iter()
.filter(|c| used.contains(c.as_str()))
.cloned()
.collect();
let num_cols = insert_columns.len();
let num_rows = matched_rows.len();
let col_names: Vec<String> = insert_columns.iter().map(|c| quote_ident(c)).collect();
// SQLite caps bind parameters per statement at SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER
// (32766 since 3.32). A multi-row INSERT binds `rows × num_cols`
// parameters, so a wide table at a large batch_size can exceed it and
// fail at runtime with "too many SQL variables" (#78/#21). Split into
// sub-INSERTs of at most floor(MAX_VARS / num_cols) rows.
const MAX_SQLITE_VARS: usize = 32766;
let max_rows_per_insert = (MAX_SQLITE_VARS / num_cols).max(1);
for sub in matched_rows.chunks(max_rows_per_insert) {
// Build multi-row VALUES clause: (?, ?), (?, ?), ...
let row_placeholder = format!("({})", vec!["?"; num_cols].join(", "));
let value_tuples: Vec<&str> =
(0..sub.len()).map(|_| row_placeholder.as_str()).collect();
let base_query = format!(
"INSERT INTO {} ({}) VALUES {}",
quote_ident(&self.config.table_name),
col_names.join(", "),
value_tuples.join(", ")
);
let query = match conflict_key {
Some(key) => format!("{base_query} {}", on_conflict_clause(key, &insert_columns)),
None => base_query,
};
let mut q = sqlx::query(&query);
for matched in sub {
for col in &insert_columns {
let val = matched.iter().find(|(c, _)| *c == col).map(|(_, v)| *v);
// Bind native SQLite types so column affinity and typed reads
// round-trip correctly. Binding every value as a JSON string
// (the old behaviour) stored `"Bob"` with embedded quotes,
// turned `true` into the text "true", and bound the literal
// text "null" for absent columns instead of SQL NULL (#78/#4).
q = match val {
None | Some(Value::Null) => q.bind(None::<String>),
Some(Value::Bool(b)) => q.bind(*b),
Some(Value::Number(n)) => {
if let Some(i) = n.as_i64() {
q.bind(i)
} else if let Some(f) = n.as_f64() {
q.bind(f)
} else {
// u64 above i64::MAX — preserve exact text.
q.bind(n.to_string())
}
}
Some(Value::String(s)) => q.bind(s.clone()),
// Arrays/objects have no scalar SQL representation — store
// their JSON text (suitable for TEXT / JSON columns).
Some(v) => q.bind(v.to_string()),
};
}
}
q.execute(&mut **tx)
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite insert failed: {e}")))?;
}
Ok(num_rows)
}
/// Auto-map insert against an in-progress transaction with plain append
/// semantics (no `ON CONFLICT` tail).
///
/// Thin wrapper over
/// [`insert_auto_map_with_conflict_tx`](Self::insert_auto_map_with_conflict_tx)
/// so the append path and the idempotent-write path keep their original
/// signature.
async fn insert_auto_map_tx(
&self,
tx: &mut sqlx::Transaction<'_, sqlx::Sqlite>,
records: &[Value],
) -> Result<usize, FaucetError> {
self.insert_auto_map_with_conflict_tx(tx, records, None)
.await
}
/// Delete rows whose key columns match any of `deletes`, using
/// `DELETE FROM t WHERE (k1, …) IN ((?, …), …)`, chunked at
/// SQLite's bind-variable cap. Runs inside the caller's transaction.
async fn delete_by_keys(
&self,
tx: &mut sqlx::Transaction<'_, sqlx::Sqlite>,
deletes: &[faucet_core::KeyTuple],
) -> Result<usize, FaucetError> {
if deletes.is_empty() {
return Ok(0);
}
let key = &self.config.write.key;
let table_ref = quote_ident(&self.config.table_name);
let col_list = key
.iter()
.map(|k| quote_ident(k))
.collect::<Vec<_>>()
.join(", ");
const MAX_SQLITE_VARS: usize = 32766;
let per = (MAX_SQLITE_VARS / key.len().max(1)).max(1);
let mut total = 0usize;
for chunk in deletes.chunks(per) {
let tuples: Vec<String> = chunk
.iter()
.map(|_| format!("({})", vec!["?"; key.len()].join(", ")))
.collect();
let sql = format!(
"DELETE FROM {table_ref} WHERE ({col_list}) IN ({})",
tuples.join(", ")
);
let mut q = sqlx::query(&sql);
for kt in chunk {
for (_, v) in &kt.0 {
// Bind native SQLite types — same logic as in the INSERT path.
q = match v {
Value::Null => q.bind(None::<String>),
Value::Bool(b) => q.bind(*b),
Value::Number(n) => {
if let Some(i) = n.as_i64() {
q.bind(i)
} else if let Some(f) = n.as_f64() {
q.bind(f)
} else {
q.bind(n.to_string())
}
}
Value::String(s) => q.bind(s.clone()),
other => q.bind(other.to_string()),
};
}
}
let res = q
.execute(&mut **tx)
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite delete failed: {e}")))?;
total += res.rows_affected() as usize;
}
Ok(total)
}
/// Apply a planned upsert/delete batch inside one `BEGIN`/`COMMIT`
/// transaction. Upserts and deletes are wrapped together so they commit
/// atomically.
async fn apply_plan(&self, plan: &faucet_core::WritePlan) -> Result<usize, FaucetError> {
let mut tx = self
.pool
.begin()
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite transaction begin failed: {e}")))?;
let mut affected = 0usize;
if !plan.upserts.is_empty() {
affected += self
.insert_auto_map_with_conflict_tx(
&mut tx,
&plan.upserts,
Some(&self.config.write.key),
)
.await?;
}
if !plan.deletes.is_empty() {
affected += self.delete_by_keys(&mut tx, &plan.deletes).await?;
}
tx.commit()
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite transaction commit failed: {e}")))?;
Ok(affected)
}
/// Ensure the commit-token watermark table exists.
async fn ensure_commit_table(&self) -> Result<(), FaucetError> {
let sql = format!(
"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {t} ({s} TEXT PRIMARY KEY, {k} TEXT NOT NULL, updated_at TEXT DEFAULT (datetime('now')))",
t = quote_ident(faucet_core::idempotency::COMMIT_TOKEN_TABLE),
s = quote_ident(faucet_core::idempotency::COMMIT_TOKEN_SCOPE_COL),
k = quote_ident(faucet_core::idempotency::COMMIT_TOKEN_TOKEN_COL),
);
sqlx::query(&sql)
.execute(&self.pool)
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite commit-table create failed: {e}")))?;
Ok(())
}
}
#[async_trait]
impl faucet_core::Sink for SqliteSink {
fn config_schema(&self) -> serde_json::Value {
serde_json::to_value(faucet_core::schema_for!(SqliteSinkConfig))
.expect("schema serialization")
}
fn dataset_uri(&self) -> String {
let path = self
.config
.database_url
.trim_start_matches("sqlite://")
.trim_start_matches("sqlite:");
format!("sqlite://{}?table={}", path, self.config.table_name)
}
/// Preflight connectivity probe (`faucet doctor`).
///
/// Acquires a connection from the existing pool and runs `SELECT 1`. This
/// is non-mutating and idempotent — it validates that the database file /
/// connection opens without writing anything.
async fn check(
&self,
ctx: &faucet_core::check::CheckContext,
) -> Result<faucet_core::check::CheckReport, FaucetError> {
use faucet_core::check::{CheckReport, Probe};
let started = std::time::Instant::now();
let probe =
match tokio::time::timeout(ctx.timeout, sqlx::query("SELECT 1").execute(&self.pool))
.await
{
Ok(Ok(_)) => Probe::pass("auth", started.elapsed()),
Ok(Err(e)) => Probe::fail_hint(
"auth",
started.elapsed(),
e.to_string(),
"check database_url / that the database file is reachable and openable",
),
Err(_) => Probe::fail_hint(
"auth",
started.elapsed(),
"timed out",
"check database_url / that the database file is reachable and openable",
),
};
Ok(CheckReport::single(probe))
}
fn supported_write_modes(&self) -> &'static [faucet_core::WriteMode] {
&[
faucet_core::WriteMode::Append,
faucet_core::WriteMode::Upsert,
faucet_core::WriteMode::Delete,
]
}
async fn write_batch(&self, records: &[Value]) -> Result<usize, FaucetError> {
if records.is_empty() {
return Ok(0);
}
// Non-append modes: plan the writes and apply atomically.
if !matches!(self.config.write.write_mode, faucet_core::WriteMode::Append) {
let plan = faucet_core::plan_writes(records, &self.config.write);
if let Some((idx, msg)) = plan.failed.first() {
return Err(FaucetError::Sink(format!(
"sqlite {}: row {idx}: {msg}",
self.config.write.write_mode.as_str()
)));
}
return self.apply_plan(&plan).await;
}
// `batch_size = 0` is the "no batching" sentinel: write the entire
// upstream slice as a single multi-row INSERT inside one
// `BEGIN`/`COMMIT` transaction, preserving `StreamPage` framing.
// Otherwise re-chunk into `batch_size` slices so each transaction
// stays near SQLite's sweet spot (~1000 rows per multi-row INSERT).
let effective_chunk = if self.config.batch_size == 0 {
records.len()
} else {
self.config.batch_size
};
let mut total = 0;
for chunk in records.chunks(effective_chunk) {
total += match &self.config.column_mapping {
SqliteColumnMapping::Json { column } => self.insert_json(chunk, column).await?,
SqliteColumnMapping::AutoMap => self.insert_auto_map(chunk).await?,
};
}
tracing::info!(
table = %self.config.table_name,
rows = total,
"SQLite write complete"
);
Ok(total)
}
/// Write a batch and report per-row outcomes.
///
/// In append mode this delegates to [`write_batch`](faucet_core::Sink::write_batch) and
/// maps a single success onto an all-`Ok(())` vector (the trait default).
/// In upsert/delete mode the good rows are applied (upserts + deletes), and
/// only the rows whose key could not be extracted (missing / null key) are
/// reported as `Err` so the pipeline routes them to the DLQ per-row instead
/// of sending the whole page.
async fn write_batch_partial(
&self,
records: &[Value],
) -> Result<Vec<faucet_core::RowOutcome>, FaucetError> {
if matches!(self.config.write.write_mode, faucet_core::WriteMode::Append) {
self.write_batch(records).await?;
return Ok(records.iter().map(|_| Ok(())).collect());
}
let plan = faucet_core::plan_writes(records, &self.config.write);
self.apply_plan(&plan).await?;
let mut outcomes: Vec<faucet_core::RowOutcome> = records.iter().map(|_| Ok(())).collect();
for (idx, msg) in &plan.failed {
outcomes[*idx] = Err(FaucetError::Sink(format!(
"sqlite {}: {msg}",
self.config.write.write_mode.as_str()
)));
}
Ok(outcomes)
}
fn supports_idempotent_writes(&self) -> bool {
true
}
async fn last_committed_token(&self, scope: &str) -> Result<Option<String>, FaucetError> {
self.ensure_commit_table().await?;
let sql = format!(
"SELECT {k} FROM {t} WHERE {s} = ?",
t = quote_ident(faucet_core::idempotency::COMMIT_TOKEN_TABLE),
k = quote_ident(faucet_core::idempotency::COMMIT_TOKEN_TOKEN_COL),
s = quote_ident(faucet_core::idempotency::COMMIT_TOKEN_SCOPE_COL),
);
let row = sqlx::query(&sql)
.bind(scope)
.fetch_optional(&self.pool)
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite token read failed: {e}")))?;
Ok(row.map(|r| r.get::<String, _>(0)))
}
async fn write_batch_idempotent(
&self,
records: &[Value],
scope: &str,
token: &str,
) -> Result<usize, FaucetError> {
self.ensure_commit_table().await?;
// For upsert/delete modes, plan the page before opening the transaction
// so a key-extraction failure aborts without leaving an open tx.
let plan = if matches!(self.config.write.write_mode, faucet_core::WriteMode::Append) {
None
} else {
let plan = faucet_core::plan_writes(records, &self.config.write);
if let Some((idx, msg)) = plan.failed.first() {
return Err(FaucetError::Sink(format!(
"sqlite {}: row {idx}: {msg}",
self.config.write.write_mode.as_str()
)));
}
Some(plan)
};
let mut tx = self
.pool
.begin()
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite transaction begin failed: {e}")))?;
// Data write and the commit-token upsert share ONE transaction so the
// page is committed atomically with its watermark: on crash either both
// land or neither does, which is what makes a replay skip-on-resume
// produce zero duplicates. For upsert/delete the planned upserts/deletes
// commit together with the watermark in this same tx (no nested tx —
// we reuse `apply_plan`'s helpers directly on this transaction).
let written = match &plan {
Some(plan) => {
let mut affected = 0usize;
if !plan.upserts.is_empty() {
affected += self
.insert_auto_map_with_conflict_tx(
&mut tx,
&plan.upserts,
Some(&self.config.write.key),
)
.await?;
}
if !plan.deletes.is_empty() {
affected += self.delete_by_keys(&mut tx, &plan.deletes).await?;
}
affected
}
None => match &self.config.column_mapping {
SqliteColumnMapping::Json { column } => {
self.insert_json_tx(&mut tx, records, column).await?
}
SqliteColumnMapping::AutoMap => self.insert_auto_map_tx(&mut tx, records).await?,
},
};
let upsert = format!(
"INSERT INTO {t} ({s}, {k}) VALUES (?, ?) ON CONFLICT({s}) DO UPDATE SET {k} = excluded.{k}, updated_at = datetime('now')",
t = quote_ident(faucet_core::idempotency::COMMIT_TOKEN_TABLE),
s = quote_ident(faucet_core::idempotency::COMMIT_TOKEN_SCOPE_COL),
k = quote_ident(faucet_core::idempotency::COMMIT_TOKEN_TOKEN_COL),
);
sqlx::query(&upsert)
.bind(scope)
.bind(token)
.execute(&mut *tx)
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite token upsert failed: {e}")))?;
tx.commit()
.await
.map_err(|e| FaucetError::Sink(format!("SQLite transaction commit failed: {e}")))?;
Ok(written)
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
use crate::config::SqliteSinkConfig;
use faucet_core::Sink as _;
#[tokio::test]
async fn dataset_uri_strips_sqlite_prefix_and_includes_table() {
let config = SqliteSinkConfig::new("sqlite:///tmp/test.db", "events");
let sink = SqliteSink::new(config).await.unwrap();
assert_eq!(sink.dataset_uri(), "sqlite:///tmp/test.db?table=events");
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn dataset_uri_with_memory_db() {
let config = SqliteSinkConfig::new("sqlite::memory:", "logs");
let sink = SqliteSink::new(config).await.unwrap();
assert_eq!(sink.dataset_uri(), "sqlite://:memory:?table=logs");
}
#[test]
fn sqlite_on_conflict_clause() {
let clause =
on_conflict_clause(&["id".to_string()], &["id".to_string(), "name".to_string()]);
assert_eq!(
clause,
r#"ON CONFLICT("id") DO UPDATE SET "name" = excluded."name""#
);
}
#[test]
fn sqlite_on_conflict_all_keys_does_nothing() {
let clause = on_conflict_clause(&["id".to_string()], &["id".to_string()]);
assert_eq!(clause, r#"ON CONFLICT("id") DO NOTHING"#);
}
#[test]
fn sqlite_on_conflict_composite_key() {
let clause = on_conflict_clause(
&["a".to_string(), "b".to_string()],
&["a".to_string(), "b".to_string(), "v".to_string()],
);
assert_eq!(
clause,
r#"ON CONFLICT("a", "b") DO UPDATE SET "v" = excluded."v""#
);
}
}