@phdthesis{merkle1979,
author = {Ralph C. Merkle},
title = {Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems},
school = {Stanford University},
year = {1979},
month = {June},
url = {https://www.ralphmerkle.com/papers/thesis.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{merkle1989,
author = {Ralph C. Merkle},
title = {A Certified Digital Signature},
booktitle = {Advances in Cryptology --- {CRYPTO} '89 Proceedings},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
volume = {435},
pages = {218--238},
year = {1990},
publisher = {Springer},
doi = {10.1007/0-387-34805-0_21}
}
@inproceedings{crosby2009,
author = {Scott A. Crosby and Dan S. Wallach},
title = {Efficient Data Structures for Tamper-Evident Logging},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th {USENIX} Security Symposium},
pages = {317--334},
year = {2009},
month = {August},
publisher = {{USENIX} Association},
address = {Montreal, Canada},
url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenix-security-09/efficient-data-structures-tamper-evident-logging}
}
@techreport{rfc6962,
author = {Ben Laurie and Adam Langley and Emilia Kasper},
title = {Certificate Transparency},
type = {{RFC}},
number = {6962},
year = {2013},
month = {June},
institution = {Internet Engineering Task Force},
doi = {10.17487/RFC6962},
url = {https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6962}
}
@techreport{rfc9162,
author = {Ben Laurie and Eran Messeri and Rob Stradling},
title = {Certificate Transparency Version 2.0},
type = {{RFC}},
number = {9162},
year = {2021},
month = {December},
institution = {Internet Engineering Task Force},
doi = {10.17487/RFC9162},
url = {https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9162}
}
@techreport{laurie2012,
author = {Ben Laurie and Emilia Kasper},
title = {Revocation Transparency},
year = {2012},
url = {http://sump2.links.org/files/RevocationTransparency.pdf}
}
@techreport{tari2018,
author = {{Tari Development Community}},
title = {{RFC}-0141: Sparse {Merkle} Trees},
year = {2018},
institution = {Tari},
url = {https://rfc.tari.com/RFC-0141_Sparse_Merkle_Trees}
}
@techreport{jmt2021,
author = {{Diem Developers}},
title = {Jellyfish {Merkle} Tree},
year = {2021},
institution = {Diem Association},
url = {https://developers.diem.com/papers/jellyfish-merkle-tree/2021-01-14.pdf}
}
@misc{csmt2018,
author = {Faraz Haider},
title = {Compact Sparse {Merkle} Trees},
year = {2018},
url = {https://osf.io/download/8mcnh}
}
@inproceedings{pulls2015,
author = {Tobias Pulls and Roel Peeters},
title = {Balloon: A Forward-Secure Append-Only Persistent Authenticated Data Structure},
booktitle = {Computer Security -- {ESORICS} 2015},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
volume = {9327},
pages = {622--641},
year = {2015},
publisher = {Springer},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-24177-7_32}
}
@misc{trillian2016,
author = {{Google LLC}},
title = {Trillian: A Scalable, Multi-Tenant Implementation of Verifiable Data Structures},
year = {2016},
howpublished = {GitHub Repository},
url = {https://github.com/google/trillian}
}
@misc{git-hash-transition,
author = {{Git Project}},
title = {Hash Function Transition},
howpublished = {Technical Documentation},
url = {https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/technical/hash-function-transition.html}
}
@misc{ipfs-cid,
author = {{Protocol Labs}},
title = {Content Identifiers ({CID}s)},
howpublished = {IPFS Documentation},
url = {https://docs.ipfs.tech/concepts/content-addressing/}
}
@misc{multiformats,
author = {{Protocol Labs}},
title = {Multiformats: Self-describing Values for Future-proofing},
howpublished = {Specification},
url = {https://multiformats.io}
}
@misc{sigstore-agility,
author = {Andrea Schirone},
title = {Building Cryptographic Agility into {Sigstore}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Trail of Bits Blog},
url = {https://blog.trailofbits.com/2026/01/29/building-cryptographic-agility-into-sigstore/}
}
@misc{sigsum2021,
author = {{Sigsum Project}},
title = {Sigsum Logging Design v0},
year = {2021},
howpublished = {Design Document},
url = {https://git.sigsum.org/sigsum/tree/doc/design.md}
}
@techreport{mtc-draft,
author = {{IETF PLANTS Working Group}},
title = {Merkle Tree Certificates},
type = {Internet-Draft},
number = {draft-ietf-plants-merkle-tree-certs-03},
institution = {Internet Engineering Task Force},
url = {https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-plants-merkle-tree-certs/}
}
@article{chopra2026,
author = {Chopra and Rathi},
title = {Merkle Tree Certificate Post-Quantum {PKI} for {Kubernetes} and Cloud-Native {5G/B5G} Core},
journal = {arXiv preprint},
year = {2026},
url = {https://arxiv.org/html/2604.04191v1}
}
@misc{caraf,
author = {{CARAF Authors}},
title = {{CARAF}: Crypto Agility Risk Assessment Framework},
howpublished = {ResearchGate},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351988005_CARAF_Crypto_Agility_Risk_Assessment_Framework}
}
@inproceedings{elhindi2023,
author = {Muhammad El-Hindi and Tobias Ziegler and Carsten Binnig},
title = {Towards High-Performance {Merkle} Trees},
booktitle = {VDBS 2023},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1145/3595647.3595651}
}
@misc{cyphr-spec,
author = {Zachary Collier and Timothy DeHerrera},
title = {Cyphr Protocol Specification},
howpublished = {Specification},
year = {2026},
note = {Work in Progress},
url = {https://docs.cyphr.me/specification.html}
}