dune-core 0.6.1

Circuit simulation engine: MNA, devices, Newton-Raphson, integration, analyses
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
//! BSIM2 — level 5 in the 3f5 (`dev/bsim2/b2ld.c`, `b2eval.c`,
//! `b2temp.c`, `b2set.c`, `b2mpar.c`; the load shell is BSIM1's
//! with the size-dependent parameters in a per-geometry struct).
//! The drain current blends a subthreshold exponential and the
//! strong-inversion law through a cubic spline on `Vgeff` between
//! `VGLOW` and `VGHIGH`, with vertical-field mobility (`UA`/`UB`),
//! velocity saturation (`U1`), the tanh Beta interpolation up to
//! `VDD`, and the `AI`/`BI` impact-ionization factor. ngspice-47
//! carries this code unchanged.

use crate::consts::{ROOT2, VT0};
use crate::diode::pnjlim;
use crate::matrix::{AcCtx, AnKind, InitMode, LoadCtx, MatrixBuilder, Slot, TRASH, Var};
use crate::mos1::{MosGeom, fetlim, limvds};

/// `.model … nmos(level=5 …)` parameters, 3f5 names (`b2.c`).
/// [`Bsim2Model::new`] carries the `b2set.c` defaults; junction
/// potentials are clamped to ≥ 0.1 like BSIM1's.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub struct Bsim2Model {
    pub nmos: bool,
    /// `VFB` and its L/W dependences.
    pub vfb: f64,
    pub lvfb: f64,
    pub wvfb: f64,
    /// `PHI` and its L/W dependences.
    pub phi: f64,
    pub lphi: f64,
    pub wphi: f64,
    /// `K1` and its L/W dependences.
    pub k1: f64,
    pub lk1: f64,
    pub wk1: f64,
    /// `K2` and its L/W dependences.
    pub k2: f64,
    pub lk2: f64,
    pub wk2: f64,
    /// `ETA0` and its L/W dependences.
    pub eta0: f64,
    pub leta0: f64,
    pub weta0: f64,
    /// `ETAB` and its L/W dependences.
    pub etab: f64,
    pub letab: f64,
    pub wetab: f64,
    /// `MU0B` and its L/W dependences.
    pub mu0b: f64,
    pub lmu0b: f64,
    pub wmu0b: f64,
    /// `MUS0` and its L/W dependences.
    pub mus0: f64,
    pub lmus0: f64,
    pub wmus0: f64,
    /// `MUSB` and its L/W dependences.
    pub musb: f64,
    pub lmusb: f64,
    pub wmusb: f64,
    /// `MU20` and its L/W dependences.
    pub mu20: f64,
    pub lmu20: f64,
    pub wmu20: f64,
    /// `MU2B` and its L/W dependences.
    pub mu2b: f64,
    pub lmu2b: f64,
    pub wmu2b: f64,
    /// `MU2G` and its L/W dependences.
    pub mu2g: f64,
    pub lmu2g: f64,
    pub wmu2g: f64,
    /// `MU30` and its L/W dependences.
    pub mu30: f64,
    pub lmu30: f64,
    pub wmu30: f64,
    /// `MU3B` and its L/W dependences.
    pub mu3b: f64,
    pub lmu3b: f64,
    pub wmu3b: f64,
    /// `MU3G` and its L/W dependences.
    pub mu3g: f64,
    pub lmu3g: f64,
    pub wmu3g: f64,
    /// `MU40` and its L/W dependences.
    pub mu40: f64,
    pub lmu40: f64,
    pub wmu40: f64,
    /// `MU4B` and its L/W dependences.
    pub mu4b: f64,
    pub lmu4b: f64,
    pub wmu4b: f64,
    /// `MU4G` and its L/W dependences.
    pub mu4g: f64,
    pub lmu4g: f64,
    pub wmu4g: f64,
    /// `UA0` and its L/W dependences.
    pub ua0: f64,
    pub lua0: f64,
    pub wua0: f64,
    /// `UAB` and its L/W dependences.
    pub uab: f64,
    pub luab: f64,
    pub wuab: f64,
    /// `UB0` and its L/W dependences.
    pub ub0: f64,
    pub lub0: f64,
    pub wub0: f64,
    /// `UBB` and its L/W dependences.
    pub ubb: f64,
    pub lubb: f64,
    pub wubb: f64,
    /// `U10` and its L/W dependences.
    pub u10: f64,
    pub lu10: f64,
    pub wu10: f64,
    /// `U1B` and its L/W dependences.
    pub u1b: f64,
    pub lu1b: f64,
    pub wu1b: f64,
    /// `U1D` and its L/W dependences.
    pub u1d: f64,
    pub lu1d: f64,
    pub wu1d: f64,
    /// `N0` and its L/W dependences.
    pub n0: f64,
    pub ln0: f64,
    pub wn0: f64,
    /// `NB` and its L/W dependences.
    pub nb: f64,
    pub lnb: f64,
    pub wnb: f64,
    /// `ND` and its L/W dependences.
    pub nd: f64,
    pub lnd: f64,
    pub wnd: f64,
    /// `VOF0` and its L/W dependences.
    pub vof0: f64,
    pub lvof0: f64,
    pub wvof0: f64,
    /// `VOFB` and its L/W dependences.
    pub vofb: f64,
    pub lvofb: f64,
    pub wvofb: f64,
    /// `VOFD` and its L/W dependences.
    pub vofd: f64,
    pub lvofd: f64,
    pub wvofd: f64,
    /// `AI0` and its L/W dependences.
    pub ai0: f64,
    pub lai0: f64,
    pub wai0: f64,
    /// `AIB` and its L/W dependences.
    pub aib: f64,
    pub laib: f64,
    pub waib: f64,
    /// `BI0` and its L/W dependences.
    pub bi0: f64,
    pub lbi0: f64,
    pub wbi0: f64,
    /// `BIB` and its L/W dependences.
    pub bib: f64,
    pub lbib: f64,
    pub wbib: f64,
    /// `VGHIGH` and its L/W dependences.
    pub vghigh: f64,
    pub lvghigh: f64,
    pub wvghigh: f64,
    /// `VGLOW` and its L/W dependences.
    pub vglow: f64,
    pub lvglow: f64,
    pub wvglow: f64,
    /// `MU0` (no L/W triple of its own).
    pub mu0: f64,
    /// `DL`/`DW` in µm; `TOX` in µm.
    pub dl: f64,
    pub dw: f64,
    pub tox: f64,
    /// `TEMP` in °C (BSIM2 uses it for its own Vtm).
    pub temp: f64,
    /// `VDD`/`VGG`/`VBB`: measurement ranges.
    pub vdd: f64,
    pub vgg: f64,
    pub vbb: f64,
    /// Overlap capacitances per meter.
    pub cgso: f64,
    pub cgdo: f64,
    pub cgbo: f64,
    /// `XPART` (`channelChargePartitionFlag`).
    pub xpart: f64,
    pub rsh: f64,
    pub js: f64,
    pub pb: f64,
    pub mj: f64,
    pub pbsw: f64,
    pub mjsw: f64,
    pub cj: f64,
    pub cjsw: f64,
    /// `WDF`/`DELL` (accepted, unused by the load).
    pub wdf: f64,
    pub dell: f64,
    /// `KF`/`AF` (noise only; ngspice-47's `b2noi.c` — the 3f5's
    /// BSIM2 has no noise and no such parameters). Defaults 0 and 1;
    /// `new` sets `AF`, the derived `Default` leaves it 0.
    pub kf: f64,
    pub af: f64,
}

impl Bsim2Model {
    /// The `b2set.c` defaults (everything not listed is 0).
    pub fn new(nmos: bool) -> Self {
        Bsim2Model {
            nmos,
            vfb: -1.0,
            phi: 0.75,
            k1: 0.8,
            ua0: 0.2,
            u10: 0.1,
            mu0: 400.0,
            mus0: 500.0,
            mu20: 1.5,
            mu30: 10.0,
            n0: 1.4,
            nb: 0.5,
            vof0: 1.8,
            vghigh: 0.2,
            vglow: -0.15,
            tox: 0.03,
            temp: 27.0,
            vdd: 5.0,
            vgg: 5.0,
            // Positive in the 3f5 too (`b2set.c`), though it is a
            // lower Vbs clamp.
            vbb: 5.0,
            wdf: 10.0,
            af: 1.0,
            ..Default::default()
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn needs_prime(&self, squares: f64) -> bool {
        self.rsh != 0.0 && squares != 0.0
    }
}

/// Per-geometry parameters (`bsim2SizeDependParam`, `b2temp.c`):
/// `p0 + pL·(1e-6/EffL) + pW·(1e-6/EffW)` plus the derived
/// constants the load needs.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub(crate) struct Bsim2Size {
    pub type_: f64,
    pub vfb: f64,
    pub phi: f64,
    pub k1: f64,
    pub k2: f64,
    pub eta0: f64,
    pub eta_b: f64,
    pub beta0: f64,
    pub beta0_b: f64,
    pub betas0: f64,
    pub betas_b: f64,
    pub beta20: f64,
    pub beta2_b: f64,
    pub beta2_g: f64,
    pub beta30: f64,
    pub beta3_b: f64,
    pub beta3_g: f64,
    pub beta40: f64,
    pub beta4_b: f64,
    pub beta4_g: f64,
    pub ua0: f64,
    pub ua_b: f64,
    pub ub0: f64,
    pub ub_b: f64,
    pub u10: f64,
    pub u1_b: f64,
    pub u1_d: f64,
    pub n0: f64,
    pub n_b: f64,
    pub n_d: f64,
    pub vof0: f64,
    pub vof_b: f64,
    pub vof_d: f64,
    pub ai0: f64,
    pub ai_b: f64,
    pub bi0: f64,
    pub bi_b: f64,
    pub vghigh: f64,
    pub vglow: f64,
    pub cox_wl: f64,
    pub one_third_cox_wl: f64,
    pub two_third_cox_wl: f64,
    pub gs_overlap: f64,
    pub gd_overlap: f64,
    pub gb_overlap: f64,
    /// The overlap capacitances `B2load` recomputes per call: drawn
    /// W for gate-source/drain and effective L for gate-bulk (the
    /// `pParam` ones above, on effective W, feed only `B2acLoad`).
    pub ld_gs_overlap: f64,
    pub ld_gd_overlap: f64,
    pub ld_gb_overlap: f64,
    pub phis3: f64,
    /// `pParam->Arg`: dBeta1/dVbs.
    pub arg: f64,
    pub vt0: f64,
    pub drain_conductance: f64,
    pub source_conductance: f64,
    // Model-level copies.
    pub vdd: f64,
    pub vdd2: f64,
    pub vgg2: f64,
    pub vbb2: f64,
    /// `B2Vtm = 8.625e-5·(temp°C + 273)`.
    pub vtm: f64,
    pub js: f64,
    pub pb: f64,
    pub pbsw: f64,
    pub mj: f64,
    pub mjsw: f64,
    pub cj: f64,
    pub cjsw: f64,
    pub xpart: f64,
    /// Noise: `KF`, `AF`, `B2Cox` (F/cm²) and `DW`/`DL` (µm).
    pub kf: f64,
    pub af: f64,
    pub cox: f64,
    pub delta_w: f64,
    pub delta_l: f64,
}

impl Bsim2Size {
    pub fn new(name: &str, m: &Bsim2Model, g: &MosGeom) -> Result<Self, String> {
        let typ = if m.nmos { 1.0 } else { -1.0 };
        let pb = f64::max(m.pb, 0.1);
        let pbsw = f64::max(m.pbsw, 0.1);
        if m.tox <= 0.0 {
            return Err(format!("{name}: BSIM2 model needs TOX > 0"));
        }
        let cox = 3.453e-13 / (m.tox * 1.0e-4); // F/cm²

        let eff_l = g.l - m.dl * 1e-6;
        let eff_w = g.w - m.dw * 1e-6;
        if eff_l <= 0.0 {
            return Err(format!("{name}: effective channel length <= 0"));
        }
        if eff_w <= 0.0 {
            return Err(format!("{name}: effective channel width <= 0"));
        }
        let inv_l = 1.0e-6 / eff_l;
        let inv_w = 1.0e-6 / eff_w;
        let p = |p0: f64, pl: f64, pw: f64| p0 + pl * inv_l + pw * inv_w;

        let vfb = p(m.vfb, m.lvfb, m.wvfb);
        let phi = p(m.phi, m.lphi, m.wphi);
        let k1 = p(m.k1, m.lk1, m.wk1);
        let k2 = p(m.k2, m.lk2, m.wk2);
        let mut beta0 = m.mu0;
        let beta0_b = p(m.mu0b, m.lmu0b, m.wmu0b);
        let mut betas0 = p(m.mus0, m.lmus0, m.wmus0);
        if betas0 < 1.01 * beta0 {
            betas0 = 1.01 * beta0;
        }
        let mut betas_b = p(m.musb, m.lmusb, m.wmusb);
        let tmp = betas0 - beta0 - beta0_b * m.vbb;
        if -betas_b * m.vbb > tmp {
            betas_b = -tmp / m.vbb;
        }
        let beta20 = p(m.mu20, m.lmu20, m.wmu20);
        let beta2_b = p(m.mu2b, m.lmu2b, m.wmu2b);
        let beta2_g = p(m.mu2g, m.lmu2g, m.wmu2g);
        let mut beta30 = p(m.mu30, m.lmu30, m.wmu30);
        let mut beta3_b = p(m.mu3b, m.lmu3b, m.wmu3b);
        let beta3_g = p(m.mu3g, m.lmu3g, m.wmu3g);
        let mut beta40 = p(m.mu40, m.lmu40, m.wmu40);
        let mut beta4_b = p(m.mu4b, m.lmu4b, m.wmu4b);
        let beta4_g = p(m.mu4g, m.lmu4g, m.wmu4g);

        let cox_w_over_l = cox * eff_w / eff_l;
        beta0 *= cox_w_over_l;
        let beta0_b = beta0_b * cox_w_over_l;
        betas0 *= cox_w_over_l;
        betas_b *= cox_w_over_l;
        beta30 *= cox_w_over_l;
        beta3_b *= cox_w_over_l;
        let beta3_g = beta3_g * cox_w_over_l;
        beta40 *= cox_w_over_l;
        beta4_b *= cox_w_over_l;
        let beta4_g = beta4_g * cox_w_over_l;

        let mut n0 = p(m.n0, m.ln0, m.wn0);
        if n0 < 0.0 {
            n0 = 0.0;
        }

        let sqrt_phi = phi.sqrt();
        let phis3 = sqrt_phi * phi;
        let cox_wl = cox * eff_l * eff_w * 1.0e4;
        let series = |squares: f64| {
            let r = m.rsh * squares;
            if r != 0.0 { 1.0 / r } else { 0.0 }
        };
        let vt0 = vfb + phi + k1 * sqrt_phi - k2 * phi;

        Ok(Bsim2Size {
            type_: typ,
            vfb,
            phi,
            k1,
            k2,
            eta0: p(m.eta0, m.leta0, m.weta0),
            eta_b: p(m.etab, m.letab, m.wetab),
            beta0,
            beta0_b,
            betas0,
            betas_b,
            beta20,
            beta2_b,
            beta2_g,
            beta30,
            beta3_b,
            beta3_g,
            beta40,
            beta4_b,
            beta4_g,
            ua0: p(m.ua0, m.lua0, m.wua0),
            ua_b: p(m.uab, m.luab, m.wuab),
            ub0: p(m.ub0, m.lub0, m.wub0),
            ub_b: p(m.ubb, m.lubb, m.wubb),
            u10: p(m.u10, m.lu10, m.wu10),
            u1_b: p(m.u1b, m.lu1b, m.wu1b),
            u1_d: p(m.u1d, m.lu1d, m.wu1d),
            n0,
            n_b: p(m.nb, m.lnb, m.wnb),
            n_d: p(m.nd, m.lnd, m.wnd),
            vof0: p(m.vof0, m.lvof0, m.wvof0),
            vof_b: p(m.vofb, m.lvofb, m.wvofb),
            vof_d: p(m.vofd, m.lvofd, m.wvofd),
            ai0: p(m.ai0, m.lai0, m.wai0),
            ai_b: p(m.aib, m.laib, m.waib),
            bi0: p(m.bi0, m.lbi0, m.wbi0),
            bi_b: p(m.bib, m.lbib, m.wbib),
            vghigh: p(m.vghigh, m.lvghigh, m.wvghigh),
            vglow: p(m.vglow, m.lvglow, m.wvglow),
            cox_wl,
            one_third_cox_wl: cox_wl / 3.0,
            two_third_cox_wl: 2.0 * cox_wl / 3.0,
            gs_overlap: m.cgso * eff_w,
            gd_overlap: m.cgdo * eff_w,
            gb_overlap: m.cgbo * eff_l,
            ld_gs_overlap: m.cgso * g.w,
            ld_gd_overlap: m.cgdo * g.w,
            ld_gb_overlap: m.cgbo * eff_l,
            phis3,
            arg: betas_b - beta0_b - m.vdd * (beta3_b - m.vdd * beta4_b),
            vt0,
            drain_conductance: series(g.nrd),
            source_conductance: series(g.nrs),
            vdd: m.vdd,
            vdd2: 2.0 * m.vdd,
            vgg2: 2.0 * m.vgg,
            vbb2: 2.0 * m.vbb,
            vtm: 8.625e-5 * (m.temp + 273.0),
            js: m.js,
            pb,
            pbsw,
            mj: m.mj,
            mjsw: m.mjsw,
            cj: m.cj,
            cjsw: m.cjsw,
            xpart: m.xpart,
            kf: m.kf,
            af: m.af,
            cox,
            delta_w: m.dw,
            delta_l: m.dl,
        })
    }
}

// State offsets (`bsim2def.h` — identical to BSIM1's layout).
const VBD: usize = 0;
const VBS: usize = 1;
const VGS: usize = 2;
const VDS: usize = 3;
const CD: usize = 4;
const CBS: usize = 5;
const CBD: usize = 6;
const GM: usize = 7;
const GDS: usize = 8;
const GMBS: usize = 9;
const GBD: usize = 10;
const GBS: usize = 11;
const QB: usize = 12;
const IQB: usize = 13;
const QG: usize = 14;
const IQG: usize = 15;
const QD: usize = 16;
const IQD: usize = 17;
const CGGB: usize = 18;
const CGDB: usize = 19;
const CGSB: usize = 20;
const CBGB: usize = 21;
const CBDB: usize = 22;
const CBSB: usize = 23;
const CAPBD: usize = 24;
const CAPBS: usize = 26;
const CDGB: usize = 28;
const CDDB: usize = 29;
const CDSB: usize = 30;
const QBS: usize = 33;
const QBD: usize = 34;
pub(crate) const BSIM2_NUM_STATES: usize = 35;

// Slot order (`b2set.c` — same as BSIM1/MOS1).
const D_D: usize = 0;
const G_G: usize = 1;
const S_S: usize = 2;
const B_B: usize = 3;
const DP_DP: usize = 4;
const SP_SP: usize = 5;
const D_DP: usize = 6;
const G_B: usize = 7;
const G_DP: usize = 8;
const G_SP: usize = 9;
const S_SP: usize = 10;
const B_DP: usize = 11;
const B_SP: usize = 12;
const DP_SP: usize = 13;
const DP_D: usize = 14;
const B_G: usize = 15;
const DP_G: usize = 16;
const SP_G: usize = 17;
const SP_S: usize = 18;
const DP_B: usize = 19;
const SP_B: usize = 20;
const SP_DP: usize = 21;

/// Everything `B2evaluate` hands back.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
struct Eval {
    gm: f64,
    gds: f64,
    gmbs: f64,
    qg: f64,
    qb: f64,
    qd: f64,
    cggb: f64,
    cgdb: f64,
    cgsb: f64,
    cbgb: f64,
    cbdb: f64,
    cbsb: f64,
    cdgb: f64,
    cddb: f64,
    cdsb: f64,
    cdrain: f64,
    von: f64,
    vdsat: f64,
}

pub(crate) struct Bsim2I {
    drain: Var,
    gate: Var,
    source: Var,
    bulk: Var,
    d_p: Var,
    s_p: Var,
    t: Bsim2Size,
    geom: MosGeom,
    off: bool,
    ic_vds: f64,
    ic_vgs: f64,
    ic_vbs: f64,
    ic_given: crate::devices::IcGiven,
    st: usize,
    s: [Slot; 22],
    mode: f64,
    von: f64,
    vdsat: f64,
}

impl Bsim2I {
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn new(
        nodes: [Var; 4],
        primes: [Var; 2],
        t: Bsim2Size,
        geom: MosGeom,
        off: bool,
        ic: (f64, f64, f64),
        st: usize,
    ) -> Self {
        let von = t.vt0;
        Bsim2I {
            drain: nodes[0],
            gate: nodes[1],
            source: nodes[2],
            bulk: nodes[3],
            d_p: primes[0],
            s_p: primes[1],
            t,
            geom,
            off,
            ic_vds: ic.0,
            ic_vgs: ic.1,
            ic_vbs: ic.2,
            ic_given: crate::devices::IcGiven::ALL,
            st,
            s: [TRASH; 22],
            mode: 1.0,
            von,
            vdsat: 0.0,
        }
    }
}

impl Bsim2I {
    /// `B2evaluate`: drain current, derivatives and terminal
    /// charges at `vds ≥ 0` (the caller swaps terminals for the
    /// inverse mode). The diagnostic `valuetypeflag` modes of the C
    /// (negative XPART values turning Ids into a probe of gm, qg,
    /// …) are not carried; every flag gets the plain
    /// `Ids = max(Ids, 1e-50)` clamp.
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
    fn evaluate(&self, vds_in: f64, vbs_in: f64, vgs_in: f64, charges: bool) -> Eval {
        let p = &self.t;
        let mut e = Eval::default();

        // Range clamps (`b2eval.c` top).
        let vbs = f64::max(vbs_in, p.vbb2);
        let vgs = f64::min(vgs_in, p.vgg2);
        let vds = f64::min(vds_in, p.vdd2);

        // Threshold voltage.
        let (phisb, d_phisb_dvb, t1s, d_t1s_dvb);
        if vbs <= 0.0 {
            phisb = p.phi - vbs;
            d_phisb_dvb = -1.0;
            t1s = phisb.sqrt();
            d_t1s_dvb = -0.5 / t1s;
        } else {
            let tmp = p.phi / (p.phi + vbs);
            phisb = p.phi * tmp;
            d_phisb_dvb = -tmp * tmp;
            t1s = p.phis3 / (p.phi + 0.5 * vbs);
            d_t1s_dvb = -0.5 * t1s * t1s / p.phis3;
        }
        let eta = p.eta0 + p.eta_b * vbs;
        let ua = p.ua0 + p.ua_b * vbs;
        let ub = p.ub0 + p.ub_b * vbs;
        let u1s = p.u10 + p.u1_b * vbs;
        let vth = p.vfb + p.phi + p.k1 * t1s - p.k2 * phisb - eta * vds;
        e.von = vth;
        let d_vth_dvd = -eta;
        let d_vth_dvb = p.k1 * d_t1s_dvb + p.k2 - p.eta_b * vds;
        let vgst = vgs - vth;
        let tmp = 1.0 / (1.744 + 0.8364 * phisb);
        let gg = 1.0 - tmp;
        let d_gg_dvb = 0.8364 * tmp * tmp * d_phisb_dvb;
        let t0 = gg / t1s;
        let tmp1 = 0.5 * t0 * p.k1;
        let aa = 1.0 + tmp1;
        let d_aa_dvb = (aa - 1.0) * (d_gg_dvb / gg - d_t1s_dvb / t1s);
        let inv_aa = 1.0 / aa;
        let vghigh = p.vghigh;
        let vglow = p.vglow;

        // Effective gate drive: direct, exponential subthreshold,
        // or the cubic spline between VGLOW and VGHIGH.
        let (vgeff, d_vgeff_dvg, d_vgeff_dvd, d_vgeff_dvb);
        let mut exp0 = 0.0;
        let mut exp1 = 0.0;
        let mut n = 0.0;
        if vgst >= vghigh || p.n0 == 0.0 {
            vgeff = vgst;
            d_vgeff_dvg = 1.0;
            d_vgeff_dvd = -d_vth_dvd;
            d_vgeff_dvb = -d_vth_dvb;
        } else {
            let vof = p.vof0 + p.vof_b * vbs + p.vof_d * vds;
            n = p.n0 + p.n_b / t1s + p.n_d * vds;
            let tmp = 0.5 / (n * p.vtm);
            let exparg1 = f64::max(-vds / p.vtm, -30.0);
            exp1 = exparg1.exp();
            let tmp1 = f64::max(1.0 - exp1, 1.0e-18);
            let tmp2 = 2.0 * aa * tmp1;
            if vgst <= vglow {
                let exparg = f64::max(vgst * tmp, -30.0);
                exp0 = (0.5 * vof + exparg).exp();
                vgeff = tmp2.sqrt() * p.vtm * exp0;
                let t0 = n * p.vtm;
                d_vgeff_dvg = vgeff * tmp;
                d_vgeff_dvd =
                    d_vgeff_dvg * (n / tmp1 * exp1 - d_vth_dvd - vgst * p.n_d / n + t0 * p.vof_d);
                d_vgeff_dvb = d_vgeff_dvg
                    * (p.vof_b * t0 - d_vth_dvb
                        + p.n_b * vgst / (n * t1s * t1s) * d_t1s_dvb
                        + t0 * inv_aa * d_aa_dvb);
            } else {
                let exparg = f64::max(vglow * tmp, -30.0);
                exp0 = (0.5 * vof + exparg).exp();
                let con3 = (2.0 * aa * (1.0 - exp1)).sqrt() * p.vtm * exp0;
                let con1 = vghigh;
                let con4 = con3 * tmp;
                let sqr_high = vghigh * vghigh;
                let sqr_low = vglow * vglow;
                let cub_high = vghigh * sqr_high;
                let cub_low = vglow * sqr_low;
                let t0 = 2.0 * vghigh;
                let t1 = 2.0 * vglow;
                let t2 = 3.0 * sqr_high;
                let t3 = 3.0 * sqr_low;
                let t4 = vghigh - vglow;
                let t5 = sqr_high - sqr_low;
                let t6 = cub_high - cub_low;
                let t7 = con1 - con3;
                let delta = 1.0 / ((t1 - t0) * t6 + (t2 - t3) * t5 + (t0 * t3 - t1 * t2) * t4);
                let coeffb =
                    (t1 - con4 * t0) * t6 + (con4 * t2 - t3) * t5 + (t0 * t3 - t1 * t2) * t7;
                let coeffc = (con4 - 1.0) * t6 + (t2 - t3) * t7 + (t3 - con4 * t2) * t4;
                let coeffd = (t1 - t0) * t7 + (1.0 - con4) * t5 + (con4 * t0 - t1) * t4;
                let coeffa = sqr_high * (coeffc + coeffd * t0);
                vgeff = (coeffa + vgst * (coeffb + vgst * (coeffc + vgst * coeffd))) * delta;
                d_vgeff_dvg = (coeffb + vgst * (2.0 * coeffc + 3.0 * vgst * coeffd)) * delta;
                let t7b = con3 * tmp;
                let t8 = d_t1s_dvb * p.n_b / (t1s * t1s * n);
                let t9 = n * p.vtm;
                let d_con3_dvd = t7b * (n * exp1 / tmp1 - vglow * p.n_d / n + t9 * p.vof_d);
                let d_con3_dvb = t7b * (t9 * inv_aa * d_aa_dvb + vglow * t8 + t9 * p.vof_b);
                let d_con4_dvd = tmp * d_con3_dvd - t7b * p.n_d / n;
                let d_con4_dvb = tmp * d_con3_dvb + t7b * t8;
                let d_coeffb_dvd =
                    d_con4_dvd * (t2 * t5 - t0 * t6) + d_con3_dvd * (t1 * t2 - t0 * t3);
                let d_coeffc_dvd = d_con4_dvd * (t6 - t2 * t4) + d_con3_dvd * (t3 - t2);
                let d_coeffd_dvd = d_con4_dvd * (t0 * t4 - t5) + d_con3_dvd * (t0 - t1);
                let d_coeffa_dvd = sqr_high * (d_coeffc_dvd + d_coeffd_dvd * t0);
                d_vgeff_dvd = -d_vgeff_dvg * d_vth_dvd
                    + (d_coeffa_dvd
                        + vgst * (d_coeffb_dvd + vgst * (d_coeffc_dvd + vgst * d_coeffd_dvd)))
                        * delta;
                let d_coeffb_dvb =
                    d_con4_dvb * (t2 * t5 - t0 * t6) + d_con3_dvb * (t1 * t2 - t0 * t3);
                let d_coeffc_dvb = d_con4_dvb * (t6 - t2 * t4) + d_con3_dvb * (t3 - t2);
                let d_coeffd_dvb = d_con4_dvb * (t0 * t4 - t5) + d_con3_dvb * (t0 - t1);
                let d_coeffa_dvb = sqr_high * (d_coeffc_dvb + d_coeffd_dvb * t0);
                d_vgeff_dvb = -d_vgeff_dvg * d_vth_dvb
                    + (d_coeffa_dvb
                        + vgst * (d_coeffb_dvb + vgst * (d_coeffc_dvb + vgst * d_coeffd_dvb)))
                        * delta;
            }
        }

        let mut ids = 0.0;
        let mut gm = 0.0;
        let mut gds = 0.0;
        let mut gmb = 0.0;
        let mut vdsat = 0.0;
        // The charge block reuses these when `Vgst >= VGHIGH` (the C
        // keeps the DC section's values in the same locals).
        let (mut dc_dvdsat_dvd, mut dc_dvdsat_dvg, mut dc_dvdsat_dvb) = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0);

        if vgeff > 0.0 {
            let mut uvert = 1.0 + vgeff * (ua + vgeff * ub);
            uvert = f64::max(uvert, 0.2);
            let inv_uvert = 1.0 / uvert;
            let t8 = ua + 2.0 * ub * vgeff;
            let d_uvert_dvg = t8 * d_vgeff_dvg;
            let d_uvert_dvd = t8 * d_vgeff_dvd;
            let d_uvert_dvb = t8 * d_vgeff_dvb + vgeff * (p.ua_b + vgeff * p.ub_b);
            let t8 = u1s * inv_aa * inv_uvert;
            let vc = t8 * vgeff;
            let t9 = vc * inv_uvert;
            let d_vc_dvg = t8 * d_vgeff_dvg - t9 * d_uvert_dvg;
            let d_vc_dvd = t8 * d_vgeff_dvd - t9 * d_uvert_dvd;
            let d_vc_dvb = t8 * d_vgeff_dvb + p.u1_b * vgeff * inv_aa * inv_uvert
                - vc * inv_aa * d_aa_dvb
                - t9 * d_uvert_dvb;
            let tmp2 = (1.0 + 2.0 * vc).sqrt();
            let kk = 0.5 * (1.0 + vc + tmp2);
            let inv_kk = 1.0 / kk;
            let d_kk_dvc = 0.5 + 0.5 / tmp2;
            let sqrt_kk = kk.sqrt();
            let t8 = inv_aa / sqrt_kk;
            vdsat = f64::max(vgeff * t8, 1.0e-18);
            let inv_vdsat = 1.0 / vdsat;
            let t9 = 0.5 * vdsat * inv_kk * d_kk_dvc;
            let d_vdsat_dvd = t8 * d_vgeff_dvd - t9 * d_vc_dvd;
            let d_vdsat_dvg = t8 * d_vgeff_dvg - t9 * d_vc_dvg;
            let d_vdsat_dvb = t8 * d_vgeff_dvb - t9 * d_vc_dvb - vdsat * inv_aa * d_aa_dvb;
            dc_dvdsat_dvd = d_vdsat_dvd;
            dc_dvdsat_dvg = d_vdsat_dvg;
            dc_dvdsat_dvb = d_vdsat_dvb;

            let beta0 = p.beta0 + p.beta0_b * vbs;
            let betas = p.betas0 + p.betas_b * vbs;
            let beta2 = p.beta20 + p.beta2_b * vbs + p.beta2_g * vgs;
            let beta3 = p.beta30 + p.beta3_b * vbs + p.beta3_g * vgs;
            let beta4 = p.beta40 + p.beta4_b * vbs + p.beta4_g * vgs;
            let beta1 = betas - (beta0 + p.vdd * (beta3 - p.vdd * beta4));
            let t0 = f64::min(vds * beta2 * inv_vdsat, 30.0);
            let t1 = t0.exp();
            let t2 = t1 * t1;
            let t3 = t2 + 1.0;
            let tanh = (t2 - 1.0) / t3;
            let sqrsech = 4.0 * t2 / (t3 * t3);
            let beta = beta0 + beta1 * tanh + vds * (beta3 - beta4 * vds);
            let t4 = beta1 * sqrsech * inv_vdsat;
            let t5 = p.vdd * tanh;
            let d_beta_dvd = beta3 - 2.0 * beta4 * vds + t4 * (beta2 - t0 * d_vdsat_dvd);
            let d_beta_dvg = t4 * (p.beta2_g * vds - t0 * d_vdsat_dvg) + p.beta3_g * (vds - t5)
                - p.beta4_g * (vds * vds - p.vdd * t5);
            let d_beta1_dvb = p.arg;
            let d_beta_dvb = p.beta0_b
                + d_beta1_dvb * tanh
                + vds * (p.beta3_b - vds * p.beta4_b)
                + t4 * (p.beta2_b * vds - t0 * d_vdsat_dvb);

            if vgst > vglow {
                if vds <= vdsat {
                    // Triode region.
                    let t3 = vds * inv_vdsat;
                    let t4 = t3 - 1.0;
                    let t2 = 1.0 - p.u1_d * t4 * t4;
                    let u1 = u1s * t2;
                    let mut utot = uvert + u1 * vds;
                    utot = f64::max(utot, 0.5);
                    let inv_utot = 1.0 / utot;
                    let t5 = 2.0 * u1s * p.u1_d * inv_vdsat * t4;
                    let d_u1_dvd = t5 * (t3 * d_vdsat_dvd - 1.0);
                    let d_u1_dvg = t5 * t3 * d_vdsat_dvg;
                    let d_u1_dvb = t5 * t3 * d_vdsat_dvb + p.u1_b * t2;
                    let d_utot_dvd = d_uvert_dvd + u1 + vds * d_u1_dvd;
                    let d_utot_dvg = d_uvert_dvg + vds * d_u1_dvg;
                    let d_utot_dvb = d_uvert_dvb + vds * d_u1_dvb;
                    let tmp1 = vgeff - 0.5 * aa * vds;
                    let tmp3 = tmp1 * vds;
                    let betaeff = beta * inv_utot;
                    ids = betaeff * tmp3;
                    let t6 = ids / betaeff * inv_utot;
                    gds = t6 * (d_beta_dvd - betaeff * d_utot_dvd)
                        + betaeff * (tmp1 + (d_vgeff_dvd - 0.5 * aa) * vds);
                    gm = t6 * (d_beta_dvg - betaeff * d_utot_dvg) + betaeff * vds * d_vgeff_dvg;
                    gmb = t6 * (d_beta_dvb - betaeff * d_utot_dvb)
                        + betaeff * vds * (d_vgeff_dvb - 0.5 * vds * d_aa_dvb);
                } else {
                    // Saturation.
                    let tmp1 = vgeff * inv_aa * inv_kk;
                    let tmp3 = 0.5 * vgeff * tmp1;
                    let betaeff = beta * inv_uvert;
                    ids = betaeff * tmp3;
                    let t0 = ids / betaeff * inv_uvert;
                    let t1 = betaeff * vgeff * inv_aa * inv_kk;
                    let t2 = ids * inv_kk * d_kk_dvc;
                    if p.ai0 != 0.0 {
                        let ai = p.ai0 + p.ai_b * vbs;
                        let bi = p.bi0 + p.bi_b * vbs;
                        let t5 = f64::min(bi / (vds - vdsat), 30.0);
                        let t6 = (-t5).exp();
                        let fr = 1.0 + ai * t6;
                        let t7 = t5 / (vds - vdsat);
                        let t8 = (1.0 - fr) * t7;
                        let d_fr_dvd = t8 * (d_vdsat_dvd - 1.0);
                        let d_fr_dvg = t8 * d_vdsat_dvg;
                        let d_fr_dvb =
                            t8 * d_vdsat_dvb + t6 * (p.ai_b - ai * p.bi_b / (vds - vdsat));
                        gds = (t0 * (d_beta_dvd - betaeff * d_uvert_dvd) + t1 * d_vgeff_dvd
                            - t2 * d_vc_dvd)
                            * fr
                            + ids * d_fr_dvd;
                        gm = (t0 * (d_beta_dvg - betaeff * d_uvert_dvg) + t1 * d_vgeff_dvg
                            - t2 * d_vc_dvg)
                            * fr
                            + ids * d_fr_dvg;
                        gmb = (t0 * (d_beta_dvb - betaeff * d_uvert_dvb) + t1 * d_vgeff_dvb
                            - t2 * d_vc_dvb
                            - ids * inv_aa * d_aa_dvb)
                            * fr
                            + ids * d_fr_dvb;
                        ids *= fr;
                    } else {
                        gds = t0 * (d_beta_dvd - betaeff * d_uvert_dvd) + t1 * d_vgeff_dvd
                            - t2 * d_vc_dvd;
                        gm = t0 * (d_beta_dvg - betaeff * d_uvert_dvg) + t1 * d_vgeff_dvg
                            - t2 * d_vc_dvg;
                        gmb = t0 * (d_beta_dvb - betaeff * d_uvert_dvb) + t1 * d_vgeff_dvb
                            - t2 * d_vc_dvb
                            - ids * inv_aa * d_aa_dvb;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // Subthreshold current (Vgst <= Vglow).
                let t0 = exp0 * exp0;
                let t1 = exp1;
                ids = beta * p.vtm * p.vtm * t0 * (1.0 - t1);
                let t2 = ids / beta;
                let t4 = n * p.vtm;
                let t3 = ids / t4;
                let (fr, d_fr_dvd, d_fr_dvg, d_fr_dvb);
                if vds > vdsat && p.ai0 != 0.0 {
                    let ai = p.ai0 + p.ai_b * vbs;
                    let bi = p.bi0 + p.bi_b * vbs;
                    let t5 = f64::min(bi / (vds - vdsat), 30.0);
                    let t6 = (-t5).exp();
                    fr = 1.0 + ai * t6;
                    let t7 = t5 / (vds - vdsat);
                    let t8 = (1.0 - fr) * t7;
                    d_fr_dvd = t8 * (d_vdsat_dvd - 1.0);
                    d_fr_dvg = t8 * d_vdsat_dvg;
                    d_fr_dvb = t8 * d_vdsat_dvb + t6 * (p.ai_b - ai * p.bi_b / (vds - vdsat));
                } else {
                    fr = 1.0;
                    d_fr_dvd = 0.0;
                    d_fr_dvg = 0.0;
                    d_fr_dvb = 0.0;
                }
                gds = (t2 * d_beta_dvd
                    + t3 * (p.vof_d * t4 - d_vth_dvd - p.n_d * vgst / n)
                    + beta * p.vtm * t0 * t1)
                    * fr
                    + ids * d_fr_dvd;
                gm = (t2 * d_beta_dvg + t3) * fr + ids * d_fr_dvg;
                gmb = (t2 * d_beta_dvb
                    + t3 * (p.vof_b * t4 - d_vth_dvb + p.n_b * vgst / (n * t1s * t1s) * d_t1s_dvb))
                    * fr
                    + ids * d_fr_dvb;
                ids *= fr;
            }
        }

        // `gds = MAX(gds, 1e-20)`.
        gds = f64::max(gds, 1.0e-20);

        // Charges: zeroed outside transient needs (XPART > 1 would
        // also zero them, as in the C).
        if charges && p.xpart <= 1.0 {
            let (vbseff, d_vbseff_dvb);
            if vbs < 0.0 {
                vbseff = vbs;
                d_vbseff_dvb = 1.0;
            } else {
                vbseff = p.phi - phisb;
                d_vbseff_dvb = -d_phisb_dvb;
            }
            let arg1 = vgs - vbseff - p.vfb;
            let arg2 = arg1 - vgst;
            let qbulk = p.one_third_cox_wl * arg2;
            let d_qbulk_dvb = p.one_third_cox_wl * (d_vth_dvb - d_vbseff_dvb);
            let d_qbulk_dvd = p.one_third_cox_wl * d_vth_dvd;
            if arg1 <= 0.0 {
                // Accumulation.
                e.qg = p.cox_wl * arg1;
                e.qb = -e.qg;
                e.cggb = p.cox_wl;
                e.cgsb = -e.cggb * (1.0 - d_vbseff_dvb);
                e.cbgb = -p.cox_wl;
                e.cbsb = -e.cgsb;
            } else if vgst <= 0.0 {
                // Subthreshold.
                let t2 = arg1 / arg2;
                let t3 = t2 * t2 * (p.cox_wl - p.two_third_cox_wl * t2);
                e.qg = p.cox_wl * arg1 * (1.0 - t2 * (1.0 - t2 / 3.0));
                e.qb = -e.qg;
                e.cggb = p.cox_wl * (1.0 - t2 * (2.0 - t2));
                let tmp = t3 * d_vth_dvb - (e.cggb + t3) * d_vbseff_dvb;
                e.cgdb = t3 * d_vth_dvd;
                e.cgsb = -(e.cggb + e.cgdb + tmp);
                e.cbgb = -e.cggb;
                e.cbdb = -e.cgdb;
                e.cbsb = -e.cgsb;
            } else {
                // Strong inversion: recompute Vdsat without Vgeff
                // smoothing below VGHIGH (the C's inner block).
                let mut vdsat_c = vdsat;
                let mut d_vdsat_dvd = dc_dvdsat_dvd;
                let mut d_vdsat_dvg = dc_dvdsat_dvg;
                let mut d_vdsat_dvb = dc_dvdsat_dvb;
                if vgst < p.vghigh {
                    let mut uvert = 1.0 + vgst * (ua + vgst * ub);
                    uvert = f64::max(uvert, 0.2);
                    let inv_uvert = 1.0 / uvert;
                    let d_uvert_dvg = ua + 2.0 * ub * vgst;
                    let d_uvert_dvd = -d_uvert_dvg * d_vth_dvd;
                    let d_uvert_dvb = -d_uvert_dvg * d_vth_dvb + vgst * (p.ua_b + vgst * p.ub_b);
                    let t8 = u1s * inv_aa * inv_uvert;
                    let vc = t8 * vgst;
                    let t9 = vc * inv_uvert;
                    let d_vc_dvg = t8 - t9 * d_uvert_dvg;
                    let d_vc_dvd = -t8 * d_vth_dvd - t9 * d_uvert_dvd;
                    let d_vc_dvb = -t8 * d_vth_dvb + p.u1_b * vgst * inv_aa * inv_uvert
                        - vc * inv_aa * d_aa_dvb
                        - t9 * d_uvert_dvb;
                    let tmp2 = (1.0 + 2.0 * vc).sqrt();
                    let kk = 0.5 * (1.0 + vc + tmp2);
                    let inv_kk = 1.0 / kk;
                    let d_kk_dvc = 0.5 + 0.5 / tmp2;
                    let t8 = inv_aa / kk.sqrt();
                    vdsat_c = vgst * t8;
                    // `*vdsat` reports the charge block's Vdsat.
                    vdsat = vdsat_c;
                    let t9 = 0.5 * vdsat_c * inv_kk * d_kk_dvc;
                    d_vdsat_dvd = -t8 * d_vth_dvd - t9 * d_vc_dvd;
                    d_vdsat_dvg = t8 - t9 * d_vc_dvg;
                    d_vdsat_dvb = -t8 * d_vth_dvb - t9 * d_vc_dvb - vdsat_c * inv_aa * d_aa_dvb;
                }
                if vds >= vdsat_c {
                    // Saturation region.
                    e.cggb = p.two_third_cox_wl;
                    e.cgdb = -e.cggb * d_vth_dvd + d_qbulk_dvd;
                    let tmp = -e.cggb * d_vth_dvb + d_qbulk_dvb;
                    e.cgsb = -(e.cggb + e.cgdb + tmp);
                    e.cbgb = 0.0;
                    e.cbdb = -d_qbulk_dvd;
                    e.cbsb = d_qbulk_dvd + d_qbulk_dvb;
                    e.cdgb = -0.4 * e.cggb;
                    let tmp = -e.cdgb * d_vth_dvb;
                    e.cddb = -e.cdgb * d_vth_dvd;
                    e.cdsb = -(e.cdgb + e.cddb + tmp);
                    e.qb = -qbulk;
                    e.qg = p.two_third_cox_wl * vgst + qbulk;
                    e.qd = e.cdgb * vgst;
                } else {
                    // Linear region.
                    let t7 = vds / vdsat_c;
                    let t8 = vgst / vdsat_c;
                    let t6 = t7 * t8;
                    let t9 = 1.0 - t7;
                    let vgdt = vgst * t9;
                    let t0 = vgst / (vgst + vgdt);
                    let t1 = vgdt / (vgst + vgdt);
                    let t5 = t0 * t1;
                    let t2 = 1.0 - t1 + t5;
                    let t3 = 1.0 - t0 + t5;
                    let d_vgdt_dvg = t9 + t6 * d_vdsat_dvg;
                    let d_vgdt_dvd = t6 * d_vdsat_dvd - t8 - t9 * d_vth_dvd;
                    let d_vgdt_dvb = t6 * d_vdsat_dvb - t9 * d_vth_dvb;
                    e.qg = p.two_third_cox_wl * (vgst + vgdt - vgdt * t0) + qbulk;
                    e.qb = -qbulk;
                    e.qd = -p.one_third_cox_wl
                        * (0.2 * vgdt + 0.8 * vgst + vgdt * t1 + 0.2 * t5 * (vgdt - vgst));
                    e.cggb = p.two_third_cox_wl * (t2 + t3 * d_vgdt_dvg);
                    let tmp = d_qbulk_dvb + p.two_third_cox_wl * (t3 * d_vgdt_dvb - t2 * d_vth_dvb);
                    e.cgdb = p.two_third_cox_wl * (t3 * d_vgdt_dvd - t2 * d_vth_dvd) + d_qbulk_dvd;
                    e.cgsb = -(e.cggb + e.cgdb + tmp);
                    let t2b = 0.8 - 0.4 * t1 * (2.0 * t1 + t0 + t0 * (t1 - t0));
                    let t3b = 0.2 + t1 + t0 * (1.0 - 0.4 * t0 * (t1 + 3.0 * t0));
                    e.cdgb = -p.one_third_cox_wl * (t2b + t3b * d_vgdt_dvg);
                    let tmp = p.one_third_cox_wl * (t2b * d_vth_dvb - t3b * d_vgdt_dvb);
                    e.cddb = p.one_third_cox_wl * (t2b * d_vth_dvd - t3b * d_vgdt_dvd);
                    e.cdsb = -(e.cdgb + tmp + e.cddb);
                    e.cbgb = 0.0;
                    e.cbdb = -d_qbulk_dvd;
                    e.cbsb = d_qbulk_dvd + d_qbulk_dvb;
                }
            }
        }

        e.gm = gm;
        e.gds = gds;
        e.gmbs = gmb;
        e.cdrain = f64::max(ids, 1.0e-50);
        e.vdsat = vdsat;
        e
    }
}

impl crate::devices::Device for Bsim2I {
    fn par_load(&self) -> bool {
        true
    }

    /// `B2getic` (`b2getic.c`): VBS, VDS, VGS not given
    /// on the card from the external nodes.
    fn set_ic(&mut self, rhs: &[f64]) {
        use crate::devices::getic;
        let g = self.ic_given;
        getic(g, 2, &mut self.ic_vbs, rhs, self.bulk, self.source);
        getic(g, 0, &mut self.ic_vds, rhs, self.drain, self.source);
        getic(g, 1, &mut self.ic_vgs, rhs, self.gate, self.source);
    }

    fn set_ic_given(&mut self, given: crate::devices::IcGiven) {
        self.ic_given = given;
    }

    fn alloc(&mut self, mb: &mut MatrixBuilder) {
        let (d, g, s, b) = (self.drain, self.gate, self.source, self.bulk);
        let (dp, sp) = (self.d_p, self.s_p);
        self.s = [
            mb.slot(d, d),
            mb.slot(g, g),
            mb.slot(s, s),
            mb.slot(b, b),
            mb.slot(dp, dp),
            mb.slot(sp, sp),
            mb.slot(d, dp),
            mb.slot(g, b),
            mb.slot(g, dp),
            mb.slot(g, sp),
            mb.slot(s, sp),
            mb.slot(b, dp),
            mb.slot(b, sp),
            mb.slot(dp, sp),
            mb.slot(dp, d),
            mb.slot(b, g),
            mb.slot(dp, g),
            mb.slot(sp, g),
            mb.slot(sp, s),
            mb.slot(dp, b),
            mb.slot(sp, b),
            mb.slot(sp, dp),
        ];
    }

    /// `B2convTest` (`b2cvtest.c`).
    fn conv_test(&self, ctx: &crate::matrix::ConvCtx) -> bool {
        let typ = self.t.type_;
        let st = self.st;
        let s0 = |o: usize| ctx.states.get(0, st + o);
        let vbs = typ * (ctx.rhs[self.bulk] - ctx.rhs[self.s_p]);
        let vgs = typ * (ctx.rhs[self.gate] - ctx.rhs[self.s_p]);
        let vds = typ * (ctx.rhs[self.d_p] - ctx.rhs[self.s_p]);
        let vbd = vbs - vds;
        let vgd = vgs - vds;
        let vgdo = s0(VGS) - s0(VDS);
        let delvbs = vbs - s0(VBS);
        let delvbd = vbd - s0(VBD);
        let delvgs = vgs - s0(VGS);
        let delvds = vds - s0(VDS);
        let delvgd = vgd - vgdo;
        let cdhat = if self.mode >= 0.0 {
            s0(CD) - s0(GBD) * delvbd + s0(GMBS) * delvbs + s0(GM) * delvgs + s0(GDS) * delvds
        } else {
            s0(CD) - (s0(GBD) - s0(GMBS)) * delvbd - s0(GM) * delvgd + s0(GDS) * delvds
        };
        let cbhat = s0(CBS) + s0(CBD) + s0(GBD) * delvbd + s0(GBS) * delvbs;
        let cd = s0(CD);
        let cb = s0(CBS) + s0(CBD);
        let tol = ctx.reltol * f64::max(cdhat.abs(), cd.abs()) + ctx.abstol;
        if (cdhat - cd).abs() >= tol {
            return false;
        }
        let tol = ctx.reltol * f64::max(cbhat.abs(), cb.abs()) + ctx.abstol;
        (cbhat - cb).abs() <= tol
    }

    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
    fn load(&mut self, ctx: &mut LoadCtx) {
        let typ = self.t.type_;
        let st = self.st;

        let drain_sat_cur = f64::max(self.geom.ad * self.t.js, 1.0e-15);
        let source_sat_cur = f64::max(self.geom.as_ * self.t.js, 1.0e-15);
        let von_inst = typ * self.von;
        let vt0_inst = typ * self.t.vt0;

        let mut check = true;
        let (mut vbs, mut vgs, mut vds);
        if ctx.mode == InitMode::Smsig {
            vbs = ctx.states.get(0, st + VBS);
            vgs = ctx.states.get(0, st + VGS);
            vds = ctx.states.get(0, st + VDS);
        } else if ctx.mode == InitMode::Tran {
            vbs = ctx.states.get(1, st + VBS);
            vgs = ctx.states.get(1, st + VGS);
            vds = ctx.states.get(1, st + VDS);
        } else if ctx.mode == InitMode::Jct && !self.off {
            vds = typ * self.ic_vds;
            vgs = typ * self.ic_vgs;
            vbs = typ * self.ic_vbs;
            if vds == 0.0 && vgs == 0.0 && vbs == 0.0 && !(ctx.kind == AnKind::TranOp && ctx.uic) {
                vbs = -1.0;
                vgs = vt0_inst;
                vds = 0.0;
            }
        } else if matches!(ctx.mode, InitMode::Jct | InitMode::Fix) && self.off {
            vbs = 0.0;
            vgs = 0.0;
            vds = 0.0;
        } else {
            if ctx.mode == InitMode::Pred {
                let xfact = ctx.pred_xfact;
                let mut pred = |o: usize| {
                    let s1 = ctx.states.get(1, st + o);
                    ctx.states.set(0, st + o, s1);
                    (1.0 + xfact) * s1 - xfact * ctx.states.get(2, st + o)
                };
                vbs = pred(VBS);
                vgs = pred(VGS);
                vds = pred(VDS);
                let vbd0 = ctx.states.get(0, st + VBS) - ctx.states.get(0, st + VDS);
                ctx.states.set(0, st + VBD, vbd0);
                for o in [
                    CD, CBS, CBD, GM, GDS, GMBS, GBD, GBS, CGGB, CBGB, CBSB, CGDB, CGSB, CBDB,
                    CDGB, CDDB, CDSB,
                ] {
                    let v = ctx.states.get(1, st + o);
                    ctx.states.set(0, st + o, v);
                }
            } else {
                vbs = typ * (ctx.sol[self.bulk] - ctx.sol[self.s_p]);
                vgs = typ * (ctx.sol[self.gate] - ctx.sol[self.s_p]);
                vds = typ * (ctx.sol[self.d_p] - ctx.sol[self.s_p]);
            }
            let mut vbd = vbs - vds;
            let mut vgd = vgs - vds;
            let vgdo = ctx.states.get(0, st + VGS) - ctx.states.get(0, st + VDS);

            if ctx.states.get(0, st + VDS) >= 0.0 {
                vgs = fetlim(vgs, ctx.states.get(0, st + VGS), von_inst);
                vds = vgs - vgd;
                vds = limvds(vds, ctx.states.get(0, st + VDS));
            } else {
                vgd = fetlim(vgd, vgdo, von_inst);
                vds = vgs - vgd;
                vds = -limvds(-vds, -ctx.states.get(0, st + VDS));
                vgs = vgd + vds;
            }
            if vds >= 0.0 {
                let vcrit = VT0 * f64::ln(VT0 / (ROOT2 * source_sat_cur));
                vbs = pnjlim(vbs, ctx.states.get(0, st + VBS), VT0, vcrit, &mut check);
            } else {
                let vcrit = VT0 * f64::ln(VT0 / (ROOT2 * drain_sat_cur));
                vbd = pnjlim(vbd, ctx.states.get(0, st + VBD), VT0, vcrit, &mut check);
                vbs = vbd + vds;
            }
        }

        let vbd = vbs - vds;
        let vgd = vgs - vds;
        let vgb = vgs - vbs;

        // Bulk junctions on `CONSTvt0` (not the device temperature).
        let (gbs, cbs);
        if vbs <= 0.0 {
            gbs = source_sat_cur / VT0 + ctx.gmin;
            cbs = gbs * vbs;
        } else {
            let evbs = f64::exp(vbs / VT0);
            gbs = source_sat_cur * evbs / VT0 + ctx.gmin;
            cbs = source_sat_cur * (evbs - 1.0) + ctx.gmin * vbs;
        }
        let (gbd, cbd);
        if vbd <= 0.0 {
            gbd = drain_sat_cur / VT0 + ctx.gmin;
            cbd = gbd * vbd;
        } else {
            let evbd = f64::exp(vbd / VT0);
            gbd = drain_sat_cur * evbd / VT0 + ctx.gmin;
            cbd = drain_sat_cur * (evbd - 1.0) + ctx.gmin * vbd;
        }

        self.mode = if vds >= 0.0 { 1.0 } else { -1.0 };
        let mode = self.mode;

        let charges = ctx.kind == AnKind::Tran
            || ctx.mode == InitMode::Smsig
            || (ctx.kind == AnKind::TranOp && ctx.uic);

        // `B2evaluate`, with the terminal swap for the inverse mode:
        // the drain-referred charge/capacitance rows come back on
        // the source side when `vds < 0`.
        let ev = if vds >= 0.0 {
            self.evaluate(vds, vbs, vgs, charges)
        } else {
            self.evaluate(-vds, vbd, vgd, charges)
        };
        let (cggb, cgdb, cgsb, cbgb, cbdb, cbsb);
        let (cdgb, cddb, cdsb, csgb, cssb, csdb);
        let (qgate, qbulk, qdrn, qsrc);
        if vds >= 0.0 {
            cggb = ev.cggb;
            cgdb = ev.cgdb;
            cgsb = ev.cgsb;
            cbgb = ev.cbgb;
            cbdb = ev.cbdb;
            cbsb = ev.cbsb;
            cdgb = ev.cdgb;
            cddb = ev.cddb;
            cdsb = ev.cdsb;
            csgb = 0.0;
            cssb = 0.0;
            csdb = 0.0;
            qgate = ev.qg;
            qbulk = ev.qb;
            qdrn = ev.qd;
            qsrc = 0.0;
        } else {
            cggb = ev.cggb;
            cgsb = ev.cgdb;
            cgdb = ev.cgsb;
            cbgb = ev.cbgb;
            cbsb = ev.cbdb;
            cbdb = ev.cbsb;
            csgb = ev.cdgb;
            cssb = ev.cddb;
            csdb = ev.cdsb;
            cdgb = 0.0;
            cddb = 0.0;
            cdsb = 0.0;
            qgate = ev.qg;
            qbulk = ev.qb;
            qsrc = ev.qd;
            qdrn = 0.0;
        }
        let (gm, gds, gmbs, cdrain) = (ev.gm, ev.gds, ev.gmbs, ev.cdrain);
        self.von = typ * ev.von;
        self.vdsat = typ * ev.vdsat;

        let cd = mode * cdrain - cbd;

        // Depletion capacitances.
        let (mut capbs, mut capbd) = (0.0, 0.0);
        if charges {
            let t = &self.t;
            let czbd = t.cj * self.geom.ad;
            let czbs = t.cj * self.geom.as_;
            let czbdsw = t.cjsw * self.geom.pd;
            let czbssw = t.cjsw * self.geom.ps;
            let (phi_b, phi_bsw, mj, mjsw) = (t.pb, t.pbsw, t.mj, t.mjsw);
            if vbs < 0.0 {
                let arg = 1.0 - vbs / phi_b;
                let argsw = 1.0 - vbs / phi_bsw;
                let sarg = f64::exp(-mj * arg.ln());
                let sargsw = f64::exp(-mjsw * argsw.ln());
                ctx.states.set(
                    0,
                    st + QBS,
                    phi_b * czbs * (1.0 - arg * sarg) / (1.0 - mj)
                        + phi_bsw * czbssw * (1.0 - argsw * sargsw) / (1.0 - mjsw),
                );
                capbs = czbs * sarg + czbssw * sargsw;
            } else {
                ctx.states.set(
                    0,
                    st + QBS,
                    vbs * (czbs + czbssw)
                        + vbs * vbs * (czbs * mj * 0.5 / phi_b + czbssw * mjsw * 0.5 / phi_bsw),
                );
                capbs = czbs + czbssw + vbs * (czbs * mj / phi_b + czbssw * mjsw / phi_bsw);
            }
            if vbd < 0.0 {
                let arg = 1.0 - vbd / phi_b;
                let argsw = 1.0 - vbd / phi_bsw;
                let sarg = f64::exp(-mj * arg.ln());
                let sargsw = f64::exp(-mjsw * argsw.ln());
                ctx.states.set(
                    0,
                    st + QBD,
                    phi_b * czbd * (1.0 - arg * sarg) / (1.0 - mj)
                        + phi_bsw * czbdsw * (1.0 - argsw * sargsw) / (1.0 - mjsw),
                );
                capbd = czbd * sarg + czbdsw * sargsw;
            } else {
                ctx.states.set(
                    0,
                    st + QBD,
                    vbd * (czbd + czbdsw)
                        + vbd * vbd * (czbd * mj * 0.5 / phi_b + czbdsw * mjsw * 0.5 / phi_bsw),
                );
                capbd = czbd + czbdsw + vbd * (czbd * mj / phi_b + czbdsw * mjsw / phi_bsw);
            }
        }

        // Convergence.
        if (!self.off || ctx.mode != InitMode::Fix) && check {
            ctx.noncon = true;
        }

        ctx.states.set(0, st + VBS, vbs);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + VBD, vbd);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + VGS, vgs);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + VDS, vds);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CD, cd);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CBS, cbs);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CBD, cbd);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + GM, gm);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + GDS, gds);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + GMBS, gmbs);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + GBD, gbd);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + GBS, gbs);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CGGB, cggb);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CGDB, cgdb);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CGSB, cgsb);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CBGB, cbgb);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CBDB, cbdb);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CBSB, cbsb);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CDGB, cdgb);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CDDB, cddb);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CDSB, cdsb);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CAPBS, capbs);
        ctx.states.set(0, st + CAPBD, capbd);

        // Gate charges and companion conductances (`B2mosCap`).
        let (mut ceqqg, mut ceqqb, mut ceqqd) = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
        let mut gc = [0.0f64; 12]; // gcggb gcgdb gcgsb gcbgb gcbdb gcbsb gcdgb gcddb gcdsb gcsgb gcsdb gcssb
        let t = &self.t;
        if charges {
            let ag0 = ctx.ag[0];
            let (args, c_b, c_d): ([f64; 8], [f64; 3], [f64; 3]);
            if mode > 0.0 {
                args = [
                    t.ld_gd_overlap,
                    t.ld_gs_overlap,
                    t.ld_gb_overlap,
                    capbd,
                    capbs,
                    cggb,
                    cgdb,
                    cgsb,
                ];
                c_b = [cbgb, cbdb, cbsb];
                c_d = [cdgb, cddb, cdsb];
            } else {
                args = [
                    t.ld_gs_overlap,
                    t.ld_gd_overlap,
                    t.ld_gb_overlap,
                    capbs,
                    capbd,
                    cggb,
                    cgsb,
                    cgdb,
                ];
                c_b = [cbgb, cbsb, cbdb];
                c_d = [csgb, cssb, csdb];
            }
            // `B2mosCap`: equivalent conductances…
            let gcdgb_l = (c_d[0] - args[0]) * ag0;
            let gcddb_l = (c_d[1] + args[3] + args[0]) * ag0;
            let gcdsb_l = c_d[2] * ag0;
            let gcsgb_l = -(args[5] + c_b[0] + c_d[0] + args[1]) * ag0;
            let gcsdb_l = -(args[6] + c_b[1] + c_d[1]) * ag0;
            let gcssb_l = (args[4] + args[1] - (args[7] + c_b[2] + c_d[2])) * ag0;
            let gcggb_l = (args[5] + args[0] + args[1] + args[2]) * ag0;
            let gcgdb_l = (args[6] - args[0]) * ag0;
            let gcgsb_l = (args[7] - args[1]) * ag0;
            let gcbgb_l = (c_b[0] - args[2]) * ag0;
            let gcbdb_l = (c_b[1] - args[3]) * ag0;
            let gcbsb_l = (c_b[2] - args[4]) * ag0;
            // …and total terminal charges.
            let (vg1, vg2) = if mode > 0.0 { (vgd, vgs) } else { (vgs, vgd) };
            let qgd = args[0] * vg1;
            let qgs = args[1] * vg2;
            let qgb = args[2] * vgb;
            let qgate = qgate + qgd + qgs + qgb;
            let qbulk = qbulk - qgb;
            let (mut qdrn, mut qsrc) = (qdrn, qsrc);
            if mode > 0.0 {
                qdrn -= qgd;
                qsrc = -(qgate + qbulk + qdrn);
            } else {
                qsrc -= qgs;
                qdrn = -(qgate + qbulk + qsrc);
            }
            let _ = qsrc;

            if mode > 0.0 {
                gc = [
                    gcggb_l, gcgdb_l, gcgsb_l, gcbgb_l, gcbdb_l, gcbsb_l, gcdgb_l, gcddb_l,
                    gcdsb_l, gcsgb_l, gcsdb_l, gcssb_l,
                ];
            } else {
                // The reverse call swaps d and s in the outputs.
                gc = [
                    gcggb_l, gcgsb_l, gcgdb_l, gcbgb_l, gcbsb_l, gcbdb_l, gcsgb_l, gcssb_l,
                    gcsdb_l, gcdgb_l, gcdsb_l, gcddb_l,
                ];
                // and the gc arrays above are already in (g,b,d,s)
                // row order for the swapped call, matching the C's
                // pointer permutation.
            }

            ctx.states.set(0, st + QG, qgate);
            ctx.states
                .set(0, st + QD, qdrn - ctx.states.get(0, st + QBD));
            ctx.states.set(
                0,
                st + QB,
                qbulk + ctx.states.get(0, st + QBD) + ctx.states.get(0, st + QBS),
            );

            if ctx.mode == InitMode::Smsig {
                return;
            }
            if ctx.mode == InitMode::Tran {
                for o in [QB, QG, QD] {
                    let v = ctx.states.get(0, st + o);
                    ctx.states.set(1, st + o, v);
                }
            }
            ctx.integrate(0.0, st + QB);
            ctx.integrate(0.0, st + QG);
            ctx.integrate(0.0, st + QD);

            // Equivalent charge currents.
            let cqgate = ctx.states.get(0, st + IQG);
            let cqbulk = ctx.states.get(0, st + IQB);
            let cqdrn = ctx.states.get(0, st + IQD);
            ceqqg = cqgate - gc[0] * vgb + gc[1] * vbd + gc[2] * vbs;
            ceqqb = cqbulk - gc[3] * vgb + gc[4] * vbd + gc[5] * vbs;
            ceqqd = cqdrn - gc[6] * vgb + gc[7] * vbd + gc[8] * vbs;
            if ctx.mode == InitMode::Tran {
                for o in [IQB, IQG, IQD] {
                    let v = ctx.states.get(0, st + o);
                    ctx.states.set(1, st + o, v);
                }
            }
        }

        // Load the current vector.
        let ceqbs = typ * (cbs - (gbs - ctx.gmin) * vbs);
        let ceqbd = typ * (cbd - (gbd - ctx.gmin) * vbd);
        let ceqqg = typ * ceqqg;
        let ceqqb = typ * ceqqb;
        let ceqqd = typ * ceqqd;
        let (xnrm, xrev, cdreq);
        if mode >= 0.0 {
            xnrm = 1.0;
            xrev = 0.0;
            cdreq = typ * (cdrain - gds * vds - gm * vgs - gmbs * vbs);
        } else {
            xnrm = 0.0;
            xrev = 1.0;
            cdreq = -typ * (cdrain + gds * vds - gm * vgd - gmbs * vbd);
        }
        ctx.add_rhs(self.gate, -ceqqg);
        ctx.add_rhs(self.bulk, -(ceqbs + ceqbd + ceqqb));
        ctx.add_rhs(self.d_p, ceqbd - cdreq - ceqqd);
        ctx.add_rhs(self.s_p, cdreq + ceqbs + ceqqg + ceqqb + ceqqd);

        // Load the Y matrix.
        let gdpr = t.drain_conductance;
        let gspr = t.source_conductance;
        ctx.add(self.s[D_D], gdpr);
        ctx.add(self.s[G_G], gc[0]);
        ctx.add(self.s[S_S], gspr);
        ctx.add(self.s[B_B], gbd + gbs - gc[3] - gc[4] - gc[5]);
        ctx.add(self.s[DP_DP], gdpr + gds + gbd + xrev * (gm + gmbs) + gc[7]);
        ctx.add(
            self.s[SP_SP],
            gspr + gds + gbs + xnrm * (gm + gmbs) + gc[11],
        );
        ctx.add(self.s[D_DP], -gdpr);
        ctx.add(self.s[G_B], -gc[0] - gc[1] - gc[2]);
        ctx.add(self.s[G_DP], gc[1]);
        ctx.add(self.s[G_SP], gc[2]);
        ctx.add(self.s[S_SP], -gspr);
        ctx.add(self.s[B_G], gc[3]);
        ctx.add(self.s[B_DP], -gbd + gc[4]);
        ctx.add(self.s[B_SP], -gbs + gc[5]);
        ctx.add(self.s[DP_D], -gdpr);
        ctx.add(self.s[DP_G], (xnrm - xrev) * gm + gc[6]);
        ctx.add(
            self.s[DP_B],
            -gbd + (xnrm - xrev) * gmbs - gc[6] - gc[7] - gc[8],
        );
        ctx.add(self.s[DP_SP], -gds - xnrm * (gm + gmbs) + gc[8]);
        ctx.add(self.s[SP_G], -(xnrm - xrev) * gm + gc[9]);
        ctx.add(self.s[SP_S], -gspr);
        ctx.add(
            self.s[SP_B],
            -gbs - (xnrm - xrev) * gmbs - gc[9] - gc[10] - gc[11],
        );
        ctx.add(self.s[SP_DP], -gds - xrev * (gm + gmbs) + gc[10]);
    }

    /// `B2noise` (ngspice-47 `b2noi.c`): see [`crate::bsim1::b12_noise`].
    fn noise_suffixes(&self) -> Option<&'static [&'static str]> {
        Some(crate::bsim1::B12_NOISE_SUFFIXES)
    }

    fn noise_dens(&self, ctx: &crate::matrix::NoiseCtx) -> Vec<f64> {
        let t = &self.t;
        let n = crate::bsim1::B12Noise {
            drain: self.drain,
            source: self.source,
            d_p: self.d_p,
            s_p: self.s_p,
            gdpr: t.drain_conductance,
            gspr: t.source_conductance,
            gm: ctx.states.get(0, self.st + GM),
            cd: ctx.states.get(0, self.st + CD),
            kf: t.kf,
            af: t.af,
            flicker_area: (self.geom.w - t.delta_w * 1e-6) * (self.geom.l - t.delta_l * 1e-6),
            cox: t.cox,
        };
        crate::bsim1::b12_noise(ctx, &n)
    }

    fn trunc(&self, t: &crate::integ::TerrCtx, time_step: &mut f64) {
        crate::integ::terr(self.st + QB, t, time_step);
        crate::integ::terr(self.st + QG, t, time_step);
        crate::integ::terr(self.st + QD, t, time_step);
    }

    /// `B2acLoad`.
    fn load_ac(&mut self, ctx: &mut AcCtx) {
        let st = self.st;
        let s0 = |o: usize| ctx.states.get(0, st + o);
        let (xnrm, xrev) = if self.mode < 0.0 {
            (0.0, 1.0)
        } else {
            (1.0, 0.0)
        };
        let gdpr = self.t.drain_conductance;
        let gspr = self.t.source_conductance;
        let gm = s0(GM);
        let gds = s0(GDS);
        let gmbs = s0(GMBS);
        let gbd = s0(GBD);
        let gbs = s0(GBS);
        let capbd = s0(CAPBD);
        let capbs = s0(CAPBS);
        let cggb = s0(CGGB);
        let cgsb = s0(CGSB);
        let cgdb = s0(CGDB);
        let cbgb = s0(CBGB);
        let cbsb = s0(CBSB);
        let cbdb = s0(CBDB);
        let cdgb = s0(CDGB);
        let cdsb = s0(CDSB);
        let cddb = s0(CDDB);
        let o = ctx.omega;
        let xcdgb = (cdgb - self.t.gd_overlap) * o;
        let xcddb = (cddb + capbd + self.t.gd_overlap) * o;
        let xcdsb = cdsb * o;
        let xcsgb = -(cggb + cbgb + cdgb + self.t.gs_overlap) * o;
        let xcsdb = -(cgdb + cbdb + cddb) * o;
        let xcssb = (capbs + self.t.gs_overlap - (cgsb + cbsb + cdsb)) * o;
        let xcggb = (cggb + self.t.gd_overlap + self.t.gs_overlap + self.t.gb_overlap) * o;
        let xcgdb = (cgdb - self.t.gd_overlap) * o;
        let xcgsb = (cgsb - self.t.gs_overlap) * o;
        let xcbgb = (cbgb - self.t.gb_overlap) * o;
        let xcbdb = (cbdb - capbd) * o;
        let xcbsb = (cbsb - capbs) * o;

        ctx.add_b(self.s[G_G], xcggb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[B_B], -xcbgb - xcbdb - xcbsb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[DP_DP], xcddb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[SP_SP], xcssb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[G_B], -xcggb - xcgdb - xcgsb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[G_DP], xcgdb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[G_SP], xcgsb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[B_G], xcbgb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[B_DP], xcbdb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[B_SP], xcbsb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[DP_G], xcdgb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[DP_B], -xcdgb - xcddb - xcdsb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[DP_SP], xcdsb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[SP_G], xcsgb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[SP_B], -xcsgb - xcsdb - xcssb);
        ctx.add_b(self.s[SP_DP], xcsdb);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[D_D], gdpr);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[S_S], gspr);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[B_B], gbd + gbs);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[DP_DP], gdpr + gds + gbd + xrev * (gm + gmbs));
        ctx.add_g(self.s[SP_SP], gspr + gds + gbs + xnrm * (gm + gmbs));
        ctx.add_g(self.s[D_DP], -gdpr);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[S_SP], -gspr);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[B_DP], -gbd);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[B_SP], -gbs);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[DP_D], -gdpr);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[DP_G], (xnrm - xrev) * gm);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[DP_B], -gbd + (xnrm - xrev) * gmbs);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[DP_SP], -gds - xnrm * (gm + gmbs));
        ctx.add_g(self.s[SP_G], -(xnrm - xrev) * gm);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[SP_S], -gspr);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[SP_B], -gbs - (xnrm - xrev) * gmbs);
        ctx.add_g(self.s[SP_DP], -gds - xrev * (gm + gmbs));
    }

    /// `B2pzLoad` (`b2pzld.c`, `b1pzld.c` with the overlaps read from
    /// `pParam`): see [`crate::bsim1::bsim_pz_load`].
    fn load_pz(&mut self, ctx: &mut crate::matrix::PzCtx) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
        let ov = crate::bsim1::BsimOverlaps {
            gd: self.t.gd_overlap,
            gs: self.t.gs_overlap,
            gb: self.t.gb_overlap,
        };
        let (gdpr, gspr) = (self.t.drain_conductance, self.t.source_conductance);
        crate::bsim1::bsim_pz_load(ctx, &self.s, self.st, self.mode, gdpr, gspr, &ov);
        Ok(())
    }
}