<html lang="en"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="norton-safeweb-site-verification" content="24usqpep0ejc5w6hod3dulxwciwp0djs6c6ufp96av3t4whuxovj72wfkdjxu82yacb7430qjm8adbd5ezlt4592dq4zrvadcn9j9n-0btgdzpiojfzno16-fnsnu7xd">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://substackcdn.com">
<title>Rich Holmes (@richholmes): "Google's former CEO says traditional user interfaces "are going to go away."
It sounds far-fetched but Google is already rolling out the technology to make it happen.
It's called A2UI - and it's quietly transforming how products like Opal and Gemini generate interfaces on the …"</title>
<meta data-rh="true" name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"><meta data-rh="true" name="theme-color" content="#16171d"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image:width" content="400"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image:height" content="400"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:label1" content="Likes"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:data1" content="160"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:label2" content="Replies"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:data2" content="14"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Rich Holmes (@richholmes)"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:title" content="Rich Holmes (@richholmes)"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Google's former CEO says traditional user interfaces "are going to go away."
It sounds far-fetched but Google is already rolling out the technology to make it happen.
It's called A2UI - and it's quietly transforming how products like Opal and Gemini generate interfaces on the fly, personalized to each user in real-time.
Why this matters for product teams
Instead of designing fixed screens, with A2UI you're defining a vocabulary of components that AI agents can dynamically compose based on user intent.
Designers focus less on screen layouts, more on flexible component libraries. Engineers build rendering pipelines, not bespoke UIs. A simple request like "book a table for 2 tomorrow at 7pm" can generate a pre-filled form - collapsing 3-4 screens into one contextual interface.
The strategic implications
External agents (OpenTable, restaurant systems) can send UI through your app while respecting your visual identity.
This enables a "headless agent" business model; you provide the specialized intelligence (booking, CRM, expense management), partners provide the surface. Charge per agent interaction, take rev-share on transactions, or license access to your agent network.
Platforms that host these agents become more valuable when they have rich component catalogs that make third-party agents look native and polished.
Google's already using this across some of its experimental new products and v0.8 of the protocol is now live.
Read the 🧠 Knowledge Series with technical workflows, real implementation examples, and hands-on tools: https://departmentofproduct.substack.com/p/agent-driven-user-interfaces-explained"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Google's former CEO says traditional user interfaces "are going to go away."
It sounds far-fetched but Google is already rolling out the technology to make it happen.
It's called A2UI - and it's quietly transforming how products like Opal and Gemini generate interfaces on the fly, personalized to each user in real-time.
Why this matters for product teams
Instead of designing fixed screens, with A2UI you're defining a vocabulary of components that AI agents can dynamically compose based on user intent.
Designers focus less on screen layouts, more on flexible component libraries. Engineers build rendering pipelines, not bespoke UIs. A simple request like "book a table for 2 tomorrow at 7pm" can generate a pre-filled form - collapsing 3-4 screens into one contextual interface.
The strategic implications
External agents (OpenTable, restaurant systems) can send UI through your app while respecting your visual identity.
This enables a "headless agent" business model; you provide the specialized intelligence (booking, CRM, expense management), partners provide the surface. Charge per agent interaction, take rev-share on transactions, or license access to your agent network.
Platforms that host these agents become more valuable when they have rich component catalogs that make third-party agents look native and polished.
Google's already using this across some of its experimental new products and v0.8 of the protocol is now live.
Read the 🧠 Knowledge Series with technical workflows, real implementation examples, and hands-on tools: https://departmentofproduct.substack.com/p/agent-driven-user-interfaces-explained"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:description" content="Google's former CEO says traditional user interfaces "are going to go away."
It sounds far-fetched but Google is already rolling out the technology to make it happen.
It's called A2UI - and it's quietly transforming how products like Opal and Gemini generate interfaces on the fly, personalized to each user in real-time.
Why this matters for product teams
Instead of designing fixed screens, with A2UI you're defining a vocabulary of components that AI agents can dynamically compose based on user intent.
Designers focus less on screen layouts, more on flexible component libraries. Engineers build rendering pipelines, not bespoke UIs. A simple request like "book a table for 2 tomorrow at 7pm" can generate a pre-filled form - collapsing 3-4 screens into one contextual interface.
The strategic implications
External agents (OpenTable, restaurant systems) can send UI through your app while respecting your visual identity.
This enables a "headless agent" business model; you provide the specialized intelligence (booking, CRM, expense management), partners provide the surface. Charge per agent interaction, take rev-share on transactions, or license access to your agent network.
Platforms that host these agents become more valuable when they have rich component catalogs that make third-party agents look native and polished.
Google's already using this across some of its experimental new products and v0.8 of the protocol is now live.
Read the 🧠 Knowledge Series with technical workflows, real implementation examples, and hands-on tools: https://departmentofproduct.substack.com/p/agent-driven-user-interfaces-explained"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Id3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8fae3e6-4223-44ed-8e64-508cfe1bd090_1644x2431.png"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Id3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8fae3e6-4223-44ed-8e64-508cfe1bd090_1644x2431.png"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:site_name" content="Substack">
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/reader2.d44c59af6ae8b1154054.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/382.ed3c601d.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/56938.770097cf.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/39810.20859a34.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/40329.1a84b983.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/60021.2823e420.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/reader2.87b5294c.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/60021.2823e420.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/35685.136f327a.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/40329.1a84b983.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/39810.20859a34.css">
<link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=0, viewport-fit=cover">
<meta name="author" content="Substack">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://substack.com/@richholmes/note/c-202380205">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://substack.com/@richholmes/note/c-202380205">
<link href="https://substack.com/@richholmes/note/c-202380205" rel="alternate" type="application/activity+json">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://substackcdn.com/icons/substack/favicon.ico" sizes="32x32">
<link rel="icon" href="https://substackcdn.com/icons/substack/icon.svg" type="image/svg+xml">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://substackcdn.com/icons/substack/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/reader2.d44c59af6ae8b1154054.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/87457.400114c3.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/async/73682.400114c3.css"><meta property="og:published_time" content="2026-01-20T10:25:59.781Z" data-rh="true"></head>
<body class="pc-root" style="pointer-events: auto;">
<div id="entry"><div style="--size-left-nav: var(--size-80);" class="reader-nav-root reader2-font-base"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-position-relative pc-reset"></div><div class="reader-nav-page"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><div id="reader-nav-page-scroll" class="reader-nav-page-scroll"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-paddingLeft-20 pc-mobile-paddingLeft-0 pc-paddingRight-20 pc-mobile-paddingRight-0 pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><div style="margin-right: 420px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-justifyContent-center pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><div class="variables-fH4ag7"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-minWidth-0 pc-position-relative pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG color-primary-zABazT font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 page-aOaH_e"><div inert="" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset isHidden-vzcyV0"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-paddingTop-24 pc-justifyContent-center pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><div style="max-width: var(--feed-page-width);" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-minWidth-0 pc-position-relative pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG sizing-border-box-DggLA4"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset container-Zhfsnf independentVoicesItem-DH12OQ"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset content-sYxJIX independentVoices-XSKLqQ"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset"><h3 translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset color-white-rGgpJs weight-medium-fw81nC reset-IxiVJZ marketingHeading3-ZMAfap">The app for independent voices</h3></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_primary-RfbeYt size_md-gCDS3o" tabindex="0">Get started</button><button style="border-color: var(--color-light-fg-tertiary);" type="button" data-href="/about" class="pencraft pc-reset color-white-rGgpJs pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_tertiary-rlke8z size_md-gCDS3o" tabindex="0">Learn more</button></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-paddingLeft-0 pc-mobile-paddingLeft-16 pc-paddingRight-0 pc-mobile-paddingRight-16 pc-paddingTop-4 pc-mobile-paddingTop-8 pc-pullX-6 pc-reset"><button type="button" id="radix-P0-12" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_quaternary-kpMibu size_xs-Q62jAa" tabindex="0">For you</button></div><div role="region" aria-label="Notes feed" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-paddingBottom-20 pc-reset"><div role="article" aria-label="Note" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-position-relative pc-reset feedItem-ONDKv3"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset pencraft pc-gap-8 pc-reset pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-gap-12 pc-reset pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset feedUnit-NTpfyQ hasAvatar-XDSVUi"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-alignItems-flex-start pc-reset"><a tabindex="0" draggable="false" href="/@jameelajamil?utm_source=substack-feed-item" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-full showFocus-sk_vEm"><span data-state="closed" style="min-width: 0px;"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-width-36 pc-height-36 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J flex-auto-j3S2WA outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 container-TAtrWj" style="--scale: 36px;"><div title="Jameela Jamil" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-width-36 pc-height-36 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J flex-auto-j3S2WA outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 container-TAtrWj" style="--scale: 36px;"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sjL2!,w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9783334-be54-41ba-99d0-5d683f846c82_802x802.jpeg 36w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sjL2!,w_72,h_72,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9783334-be54-41ba-99d0-5d683f846c82_802x802.jpeg 72w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sjL2!,w_108,h_108,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9783334-be54-41ba-99d0-5d683f846c82_802x802.jpeg 108w" sizes="36px"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sjL2!,w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9783334-be54-41ba-99d0-5d683f846c82_802x802.jpeg" sizes="36px" alt="Jameela Jamil's avatar" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sjL2!,w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9783334-be54-41ba-99d0-5d683f846c82_802x802.jpeg 36w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sjL2!,w_72,h_72,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9783334-be54-41ba-99d0-5d683f846c82_802x802.jpeg 72w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sjL2!,w_108,h_108,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe9783334-be54-41ba-99d0-5d683f846c82_802x802.jpeg 108w" width="36" height="36" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c object-fit-cover-u4ReeV pencraft pc-reset"></picture></div></div></span></a><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-minWidth-0 pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-12 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-4 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-gap-8 pc-alignItems-center pc-height-20 pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-gap-8 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><span class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-medium-fw81nC reset-IxiVJZ"><span data-state="closed" style="min-width: 0px;"><span class="pencraft pc-reset decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ"><a href="/@jameelajamil" class="pencraft pc-reset link-LIBpto">Jameela Jamil</a></span></span> <div data-testid="user-badge" class="pencraft pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw inlineContainer-FbhgTi"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset"></div></div></span><span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ"><a title="Mar 4, 2026, 6:31 AM" href="/@jameelajamil/note/c-222894726" class="pencraft pc-reset link-LIBpto"><span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">3h</span></a></span></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-6 pc-maxHeight-20 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset moreButtonContainer-zdayXV"><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="More options" id="radix-P0-99" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft moreButton-EXZOW4 iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_quaternary-kpMibu"></button></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset feedCommentBody-UWho7S"><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ feedCommentBodyInner-AOzMIC"><div class="ProseMirror FeedProseMirror"><p>Wrote a piece about how we raise women to be wives but don’t raise men to be husbands. And how that imbalance is fucking us all the way up. </p></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-4 pc-reset"><a tabindex="0" href="https://jameelajamil.substack.com/p/are-men-with-sick-mothers-superior?selection=83b30857-ec64-435e-a5a6-7bcf49d1ef7b" draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-position-relative pc-reset animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-md overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 showFocus-sk_vEm container-KbMeLj themed-EbT4uD"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-24 pc-padding-20 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-zIndex-1 pc-reset header-ndGPw6"><div class="pencraft pc-reset backdrop-Xjlnco" style="--backdrop-opacity: 0.6;"></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-12 pc-justifyContent-flex-start pc-alignItems-flex-start pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><div class="pencraft pc-position-relative pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-vibrance-primary-KHCdqV align-left-PENAI6 font-serif-KXUAQI reset-IxiVJZ text-RPsawq short-ZM5yW_">Nobody gets to feel like a fun whore in the house anymore. Sad. </div><div class="text-RPsawq short-ZM5yW_" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; width: 100%; font-family: var(--font-family-serif); text-align: left;">Nobody gets to feel like a fun whore in the house anymore. Sad. </div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-height-20 pc-minWidth-0 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG ellipsis-Jb8om8 color-vibrance-secondary-k5eqjt line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb nowrap-QngyoB decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ">Jameela Jamil</div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Save" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft saveButton-BUhk5Q saveButton-bEqkhJ iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_tertiary-rlke8z"></button></div></div></a></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG container-_91AK1"><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Like" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-height-32 pc-minWidth-32 pc-paddingLeft-8 pc-paddingRight-8 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA userSelect-none-oDUy26 pc-borderRadius-full sizing-border-box-DggLA4 pencraft button-geLdIK buttonBase-GK1x3M"><div class="pencraft pc-reset container-CDGars"><div class="pencraft pc-reset sparks-Q83SsW" style="--total-sparks: 8;"><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 1;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 2;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 3;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 4;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 5;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 6;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 7;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 8;"></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">131</div></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Comment" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-height-32 pc-minWidth-32 pc-paddingLeft-8 pc-paddingRight-8 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA userSelect-none-oDUy26 pc-borderRadius-full sizing-border-box-DggLA4 pencraft button-geLdIK buttonBase-GK1x3M"><div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">2</div></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Restack" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-height-32 pc-minWidth-32 pc-paddingLeft-8 pc-paddingRight-8 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA userSelect-none-oDUy26 pc-borderRadius-full sizing-border-box-DggLA4 pencraft button-geLdIK buttonBase-GK1x3M"><div class="pencraft pc-reset container-R_2Qan"></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">4</div></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Share" id="radix-P0-104" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-height-32 pc-minWidth-32 pc-paddingLeft-8 pc-paddingRight-8 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA userSelect-none-oDUy26 pc-borderRadius-full sizing-border-box-DggLA4 pencraft button-geLdIK buttonBase-GK1x3M"></button></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset container-Zhfsnf"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-gap-16 pc-padding-32 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset content-sYxJIX solidBorder-_Bx71s"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-alignItems-flex-start pc-reset"><h4 translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset weight-medium-fw81nC reset-IxiVJZ marketingHeading4-xfLq5Y" style="margin-bottom: -4px;">You made it, you own it</h4><p translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s align-left-PENAI6 size-13-hZTUKr reset-IxiVJZ" style="line-height: 17px;">You always own your intellectual property, mailing list, and subscriber payments. With full editorial control and no gatekeepers, you can do the work you most believe in.</p><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_primary-RfbeYt size_md-gCDS3o">Get started</button><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-href="/about" class="pencraft pc-reset outline-detail-vcQLyr pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_secondary-outline-MgyjoK size_md-gCDS3o">Learn more</button></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_176,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 176w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_352,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 352w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_528,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 528w" sizes="176px"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_176,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png" sizes="176px" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_176,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 176w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_352,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 352w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_528,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 528w" width="176" class="img-OACg1c pencraft pc-reset"></picture></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset container-Zhfsnf"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-gap-16 pc-padding-32 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset border-detail-EGrm7T content-sYxJIX solidBorder-_Bx71s"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-32 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u9e1!,w_100,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-2-v5.png 100w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u9e1!,w_200,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-2-v5.png 200w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u9e1!,w_300,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-2-v5.png 300w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u9e1!,w_100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-2-v5.png" sizes="100vw" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u9e1!,w_100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-2-v5.png 100w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u9e1!,w_200,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-2-v5.png 200w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u9e1!,w_300,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-2-v5.png 300w" width="100" class="img-OACg1c pencraft pc-reset"></picture></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-alignItems-flex-start pc-reset"><h4 translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT weight-medium-fw81nC reset-IxiVJZ marketingHeading4-xfLq5Y" style="margin-bottom: -4px;">Great discussions</h4><p translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s align-left-PENAI6 size-13-hZTUKr reset-IxiVJZ" style="line-height: 17px;">Join the most interesting and insightful discussions.</p><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-paddingTop-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_primary-RfbeYt size_md-gCDS3o">Get started</button><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-href="/about" class="pencraft pc-reset outline-detail-vcQLyr pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_secondary-outline-MgyjoK size_md-gCDS3o">Learn more</button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset container-Zhfsnf"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-gap-16 pc-padding-32 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset content-sYxJIX greenBackground-YGMnWO"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-alignItems-flex-start pc-reset" style="max-width: 250px;"><h4 translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset color-white-rGgpJs align-left-PENAI6 weight-medium-fw81nC reset-IxiVJZ marketingHeading4-xfLq5Y" style="margin-bottom: -4px;">Grow your publication on Substack</h4><p translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset color-white-rGgpJs align-left-PENAI6 size-13-hZTUKr reset-IxiVJZ" style="line-height: 17px;">With recommendations, referrals, and a powerful growth network, Substack creators spend less time on marketing and more time on their craft.</p><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_primary-RfbeYt size_md-gCDS3o">Get started</button><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-href="/about" class="pencraft pc-reset outline-detail-vcQLyr color-white-rGgpJs pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_secondary-outline-MgyjoK size_md-gCDS3o" style="border-color: var(--color-light-fg-tertiary);">Learn more</button></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_196,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 196w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_392,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 392w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_588,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 588w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_196,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png" sizes="100vw" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_196,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 196w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_392,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 392w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_588,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 588w" width="196" class="img-OACg1c pencraft pc-reset"></picture></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset container-Zhfsnf"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-gap-16 pc-padding-32 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset content-sYxJIX solidBorder-_Bx71s"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-alignItems-flex-start pc-reset"><h4 translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset weight-medium-fw81nC reset-IxiVJZ marketingHeading4-xfLq5Y" style="margin-bottom: -4px;">You made it, you own it</h4><p translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s align-left-PENAI6 size-13-hZTUKr reset-IxiVJZ" style="line-height: 17px;">You always own your intellectual property, mailing list, and subscriber payments. With full editorial control and no gatekeepers, you can do the work you most believe in.</p><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_primary-RfbeYt size_md-gCDS3o">Get started</button><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-href="/about" class="pencraft pc-reset outline-detail-vcQLyr pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_secondary-outline-MgyjoK size_md-gCDS3o">Learn more</button></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_176,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 176w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_352,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 352w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_528,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 528w" sizes="176px"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_176,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png" sizes="176px" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_176,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 176w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_352,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 352w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_528,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 528w" width="176" class="img-OACg1c pencraft pc-reset"></picture></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset container-Zhfsnf"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-gap-16 pc-padding-32 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset content-sYxJIX solidBorder-_Bx71s"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-16 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-alignItems-flex-start pc-reset"><h4 translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset weight-medium-fw81nC reset-IxiVJZ marketingHeading4-xfLq5Y" style="margin-bottom: -4px;">World-class writing</h4><p translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s align-left-PENAI6 size-13-hZTUKr reset-IxiVJZ" style="line-height: 17px;">The best stories, ideas, and culture right at your fingertips.</p><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-paddingTop-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_primary-RfbeYt size_md-gCDS3o">Get started</button><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-href="/about" class="pencraft pc-reset outline-detail-vcQLyr pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_secondary-outline-MgyjoK size_md-gCDS3o">Learn more</button></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-u6!,w_100,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-1-v4.png 100w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-u6!,w_200,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-1-v4.png 200w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-u6!,w_300,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-1-v4.png 300w" sizes="100px"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-u6!,w_100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-1-v4.png" sizes="100px" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-u6!,w_100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-1-v4.png 100w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-u6!,w_200,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-1-v4.png 200w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-u6!,w_300,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fapp_page%2Fhighlight-1-v4.png 300w" width="100" class="img-OACg1c pencraft pc-reset"></picture></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset container-Zhfsnf"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-gap-16 pc-padding-32 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset content-sYxJIX greenBackground-YGMnWO"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-alignItems-flex-start pc-reset" style="max-width: 250px;"><h4 translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset color-white-rGgpJs align-left-PENAI6 weight-medium-fw81nC reset-IxiVJZ marketingHeading4-xfLq5Y" style="margin-bottom: -4px;">Grow your publication on Substack</h4><p translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset color-white-rGgpJs align-left-PENAI6 size-13-hZTUKr reset-IxiVJZ" style="line-height: 17px;">With recommendations, referrals, and a powerful growth network, Substack creators spend less time on marketing and more time on their craft.</p><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_primary-RfbeYt size_md-gCDS3o">Get started</button><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-href="/about" class="pencraft pc-reset outline-detail-vcQLyr color-white-rGgpJs pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_secondary-outline-MgyjoK size_md-gCDS3o" style="border-color: var(--color-light-fg-tertiary);">Learn more</button></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_196,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 196w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_392,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 392w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_588,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 588w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_196,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png" sizes="100vw" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_196,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 196w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_392,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 392w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FHXg!,w_588,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fgrowth_page%2Fhero.png 588w" width="196" class="img-OACg1c pencraft pc-reset"></picture></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset container-Zhfsnf"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-gap-16 pc-padding-32 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset border-detail-EGrm7T content-sYxJIX solidBorder-_Bx71s"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lwni!,w_182,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-2-transparent-bg.png 182w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lwni!,w_364,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-2-transparent-bg.png 364w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lwni!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-2-transparent-bg.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lwni!,w_546,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-2-transparent-bg.png 546w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lwni!,w_182,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-2-transparent-bg.png" sizes="100vw" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lwni!,w_182,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-2-transparent-bg.png 182w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lwni!,w_364,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-2-transparent-bg.png 364w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lwni!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-2-transparent-bg.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lwni!,w_546,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-2-transparent-bg.png 546w" width="182" class="img-OACg1c pencraft pc-reset"></picture></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-alignItems-flex-start pc-reset"><h4 translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT weight-medium-fw81nC reset-IxiVJZ marketingHeading4-xfLq5Y" style="margin-bottom: -4px;">Grow Your Audience</h4><p translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s align-left-PENAI6 size-13-hZTUKr reset-IxiVJZ" style="line-height: 17px;">Marketing isn’t all on your shoulders. More than 50% of all new free subscriptions and 25% of paid subscriptions come from within our network.</p><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_primary-RfbeYt size_md-gCDS3o">Get started</button><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-href="/about" class="pencraft pc-reset outline-detail-vcQLyr pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_secondary-outline-MgyjoK size_md-gCDS3o">Learn more</button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset container-Zhfsnf"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-gap-16 pc-padding-32 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset content-sYxJIX solidBorder-_Bx71s"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-alignItems-flex-start pc-reset"><h4 translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset weight-medium-fw81nC reset-IxiVJZ marketingHeading4-xfLq5Y" style="margin-bottom: -4px;">You made it, you own it</h4><p translated="true" class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s align-left-PENAI6 size-13-hZTUKr reset-IxiVJZ" style="line-height: 17px;">You always own your intellectual property, mailing list, and subscriber payments. With full editorial control and no gatekeepers, you can do the work you most believe in.</p><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_primary-RfbeYt size_md-gCDS3o">Get started</button><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-href="/about" class="pencraft pc-reset outline-detail-vcQLyr pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_secondary-outline-MgyjoK size_md-gCDS3o">Learn more</button></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_176,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 176w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_352,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 352w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_528,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 528w" sizes="176px"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_176,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png" sizes="176px" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_176,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 176w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_352,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 352w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DzDi!,w_528,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Fhome_page%2Fbenefit-1-transparent-bg.png 528w" width="176" class="img-OACg1c pencraft pc-reset"></picture></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-paddingTop-24 pc-justifyContent-center pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-minWidth-0 pc-position-relative pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG sizing-border-box-DggLA4" style="max-width: var(--feed-page-width);"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"SocialMediaPosting","identifier":"c-202380205","url":"https://substack.com/note/c-202380205","dateCreated":"2026-01-20T02:25:59-08:00","dateModified":"2026-01-20T03:47:30-08:00","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Rich Holmes","identifier":"123225933"},"text":"Google's former CEO says traditional user interfaces \"are going to go away.\"\n\nIt sounds far-fetched but Google is already rolling out the technology to make it happen.\n\nIt's called A2UI - and it's quietly transforming how products like Opal and Gemini generate interfaces on the fly, personalized to each user in real-time.\n\n\n\n\n\nWhy this matters for product teams\n\nInstead of designing fixed screens, with A2UI you're defining a vocabulary of components that AI agents can dynamically compose based on user intent.\n\nDesigners focus less on screen layouts, more on flexible component libraries. Engineers build rendering pipelines, not bespoke UIs. A simple request like \"book a table for 2 tomorrow at 7pm\" can generate a pre-filled form - collapsing 3-4 screens into one contextual interface.\n\n\n\n\n\nThe strategic implications\n\nExternal agents (OpenTable, restaurant systems) can send UI through your app while respecting your visual identity.\n\nThis enables a \"headless agent\" business model; you provide the specialized intelligence (booking, CRM, expense management), partners provide the surface. Charge per agent interaction, take rev-share on transactions, or license access to your agent network.\n\nPlatforms that host these agents become more valuable when they have rich component catalogs that make third-party agents look native and polished.\n\nGoogle's already using this across some of its experimental new products and v0.8 of the protocol is now live.\n\nRead the \uD83E\uDDE0 Knowledge Series with technical workflows, real implementation examples, and hands-on tools: https://departmentofproduct.substack.com/p/agent-driven-user-interfaces-explained","interactionStatistic":[{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/LikeAction","userInteractionCount":160},{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/ShareAction","userInteractionCount":25},{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/CommentAction","userInteractionCount":14}]}</script><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-reset permalinkHeader-bQJTnJ"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-12 pc-reset feedPermalinkUnit-JBJrHa"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-gap-12 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb"><a tabindex="0" draggable="false" href="/@richholmes?utm_source=substack-feed-item" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA animate-XFJxE4 pc-borderRadius-full showFocus-sk_vEm"><span data-state="closed" style="min-width: 0px;"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-width-36 pc-height-36 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J flex-auto-j3S2WA outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 container-TAtrWj" style="--scale: 36px;"><div title="Rich Holmes" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-width-36 pc-height-36 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J flex-auto-j3S2WA outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 container-TAtrWj" style="--scale: 36px;"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w82E!,w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb59b615c-e268-44f2-a0c5-ef2f2c6a90e0_238x238.png 36w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w82E!,w_72,h_72,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb59b615c-e268-44f2-a0c5-ef2f2c6a90e0_238x238.png 72w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w82E!,w_108,h_108,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb59b615c-e268-44f2-a0c5-ef2f2c6a90e0_238x238.png 108w" sizes="36px"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w82E!,w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb59b615c-e268-44f2-a0c5-ef2f2c6a90e0_238x238.png" sizes="36px" alt="Rich Holmes's avatar" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w82E!,w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb59b615c-e268-44f2-a0c5-ef2f2c6a90e0_238x238.png 36w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w82E!,w_72,h_72,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb59b615c-e268-44f2-a0c5-ef2f2c6a90e0_238x238.png 72w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w82E!,w_108,h_108,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb59b615c-e268-44f2-a0c5-ef2f2c6a90e0_238x238.png 108w" width="36" height="36" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c object-fit-cover-u4ReeV pencraft pc-reset"></picture></div></div></span></a><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-minWidth-0 pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-gap-8 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><span class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-medium-fw81nC reset-IxiVJZ"><span data-state="closed" style="min-width: 0px;"><span class="pencraft pc-reset decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ"><a href="/@richholmes" class="pencraft pc-reset link-LIBpto">Rich Holmes</a></span></span> <div data-testid="user-badge" class="pencraft pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw inlineContainer-FbhgTi"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset"></div></div></span><span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ"><a title="Jan 20, 2026, 2:25 AM" href="/@richholmes/note/c-202380205" class="pencraft pc-reset link-LIBpto"><span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">Jan 20</span></a></span></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-gap-8 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><span class="pencraft pc-reset ellipsis-Jb8om8 color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ"><span data-state="closed" style="min-width: 0px;"><span class="pencraft pc-reset decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ"><a href="https://departmentofproduct.substack.com" target="_blank" data-native="true" class="link-LIBpto">Department of Product</a></span></span></span></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_primary-RfbeYt size_sm-G3LciD">Subscribe</button><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset moreButtonContainer-zdayXV"><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="More options" id="radix-P0-82" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft moreButton-EXZOW4 iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_quaternary-kpMibu"></button></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset feedCommentBody-UWho7S"><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-15-Psle70 weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ feedCommentBodyInner-AOzMIC"><div class="ProseMirror FeedProseMirror"><p>Google's former CEO says traditional user interfaces "are going to go away."</p><p>It sounds far-fetched but Google is already rolling out the technology to make it happen.</p><p>It's called A2UI - and it's quietly transforming how products like Opal and Gemini generate interfaces on the fly, personalized to each user in real-time.</p><ol><li><p><strong>Why this matters for product teams</strong></p></li></ol><p>Instead of designing fixed screens, with A2UI you're defining a vocabulary of components that AI agents can dynamically compose based on user intent.</p><p>Designers focus less on screen layouts, more on flexible component libraries. Engineers build rendering pipelines, not bespoke UIs. A simple request like "book a table for 2 tomorrow at 7pm" can generate a pre-filled form - collapsing 3-4 screens into one contextual interface.</p><ol><li><p><strong>The strategic implications</strong></p></li></ol><p>External agents (OpenTable, restaurant systems) can send UI through your app while respecting your visual identity.</p><p>This enables a "headless agent" business model; you provide the specialized intelligence (booking, CRM, expense management), partners provide the surface. Charge per agent interaction, take rev-share on transactions, or license access to your agent network.</p><p>Platforms that host these agents become more valuable when they have rich component catalogs that make third-party agents look native and polished.</p><p>Google's already using this across some of its experimental new products and v0.8 of the protocol is now live.</p><p>Read the 🧠 Knowledge Series with technical workflows, real implementation examples, and hands-on tools: <a href="https://departmentofproduct.substack.com/p/agent-driven-user-interfaces-explained" target="_blank" rel="nofollow ugc noopener" class="pencraft pc-reset decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ" style="color: var(--color-link-fg);">departmentofproduct.sub…</a></p></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-position-relative pc-reset pc-borderRadius-md overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 imageGrid-TadIyX size-1-rfav9C permalink-Zw9a6V"><div draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J flex-grow-rzmknG outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadius-sm overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 imageBubble-PUJ2WF clickable-z7o89Z" style="width: 284px; height: 420px; --aspect-ratio: 568 / 840;"><picture style="display: contents;"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Id3!,w_284,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8fae3e6-4223-44ed-8e64-508cfe1bd090_1644x2431.png 284w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Id3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8fae3e6-4223-44ed-8e64-508cfe1bd090_1644x2431.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Id3!,w_568,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8fae3e6-4223-44ed-8e64-508cfe1bd090_1644x2431.png 568w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Id3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8fae3e6-4223-44ed-8e64-508cfe1bd090_1644x2431.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Id3!,w_852,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8fae3e6-4223-44ed-8e64-508cfe1bd090_1644x2431.png 852w" sizes="284px"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Id3!,w_284,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8fae3e6-4223-44ed-8e64-508cfe1bd090_1644x2431.png" sizes="284px" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Id3!,w_284,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8fae3e6-4223-44ed-8e64-508cfe1bd090_1644x2431.png 284w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Id3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8fae3e6-4223-44ed-8e64-508cfe1bd090_1644x2431.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Id3!,w_568,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8fae3e6-4223-44ed-8e64-508cfe1bd090_1644x2431.png 568w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Id3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8fae3e6-4223-44ed-8e64-508cfe1bd090_1644x2431.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Id3!,w_852,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8fae3e6-4223-44ed-8e64-508cfe1bd090_1644x2431.png 852w" width="284" height="420" loading="lazy" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c pencraft pc-reset"></picture></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center pc-paddingBottom-8 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG container-_91AK1"><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Like" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-height-32 pc-minWidth-32 pc-paddingLeft-8 pc-paddingRight-8 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA userSelect-none-oDUy26 pc-borderRadius-full sizing-border-box-DggLA4 pencraft button-geLdIK buttonBase-GK1x3M"><div class="pencraft pc-reset container-CDGars"><div class="pencraft pc-reset sparks-Q83SsW" style="--total-sparks: 8;"><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 1;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 2;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 3;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 4;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 5;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 6;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 7;"></div><div class="spark-gW9TO5" style="--i: 8;"></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">160</div></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Comment" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-height-32 pc-minWidth-32 pc-paddingLeft-8 pc-paddingRight-8 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA userSelect-none-oDUy26 pc-borderRadius-full sizing-border-box-DggLA4 pencraft button-geLdIK buttonBase-GK1x3M"><div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">14</div></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Restack" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-height-32 pc-minWidth-32 pc-paddingLeft-8 pc-paddingRight-8 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA userSelect-none-oDUy26 pc-borderRadius-full sizing-border-box-DggLA4 pencraft button-geLdIK buttonBase-GK1x3M"><div class="pencraft pc-reset container-R_2Qan"></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">25</div></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Share" id="radix-P0-90" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-height-32 pc-minWidth-32 pc-paddingLeft-8 pc-paddingRight-8 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA userSelect-none-oDUy26 pc-borderRadius-full sizing-border-box-DggLA4 pencraft button-geLdIK buttonBase-GK1x3M"></button></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-paddingTop-16 pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-flex-start pc-reset border-top-detail-bzjFmN border-bottom-detail-k1F6C4"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexWrap-wrap pc-gap-4 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA stat-Q5QJPb"><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">160 Likes</div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">∙</div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA"><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">14 Replies</div></div><div class="pencraft pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">∙</div><a href="/note/c-202380205/restacks" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA stat-Q5QJPb"><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">25 Restacks</div></div></a></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-minWidth-0 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset ellipsis-Jb8om8 color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">Jan 20</div><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">at</div><div class="pencraft pc-reset ellipsis-Jb8om8 color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">2:25 AM</div></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset flex-fill-uYLRqz" style="min-height: calc(var(--full-height) - 16px * 2 - 70px - 1194px);"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset"><button type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft cta-X9m2EB ctaBase-Dht55f buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_secondary-S63h9o size_md-gCDS3o" tabindex="0">Get app</button></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset modalViewer-xO_gxg"></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset container-K5XPov"></div></div><div role="region" aria-label="Notifications (F8)" style="pointer-events: none;" tabindex="-1"><ol style="--offset: 0px; z-index: 1000;" class="viewport-_BM4Bg" tabindex="-1"></ol></div><div></div>
</div>
</body></html>