ddd-toolkit-macro 0.5.4

Derive macros for ddd-toolkit-core's ValueObject, Entity, DomainEvent, and AggregateRoot traits.
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
use proc_macro2::{Span, TokenStream};
use quote::{format_ident, quote};
use syn::{
    Data, DeriveInput, Field, Fields, Generics, LitStr, Member, Result, Type, ext::IdentExt,
    parse_quote,
};

use crate::path::core_path;

struct Attributes {
    validator: Option<syn::Path>,
    error: Option<Type>,
    serde: bool,
    trait_only: bool,
}

/// **English:**<br>
/// Expands a struct or enum into value-object implementations;
/// returns a syntax error for unsupported shapes or invalid attributes.
///
/// **日本語:**<br>
/// 構造体・列挙型から値オブジェクト実装を生成し、非対応の形状や
/// 不正な属性には構文エラーを返します。
pub fn expand(input: DeriveInput) -> Result<TokenStream> {
    let attrs = parse_attributes(&input)?;
    match &input.data {
        Data::Struct(data) => match &data.fields {
            Fields::Named(fields) if fields.named.is_empty() => Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
                &input.ident,
                "ValueObject requires at least one field",
            )),
            Fields::Unnamed(fields) if fields.unnamed.is_empty() => Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
                &input.ident,
                "ValueObject requires at least one field",
            )),
            Fields::Named(fields) if fields.named.len() == 1 => {
                let field = &fields.named[0];
                let ident = field.ident.clone().expect("named field has an identifier");
                expand_single(
                    &input,
                    attrs,
                    field,
                    Member::Named(ident.clone()),
                    Some(ident),
                )
            }
            Fields::Unnamed(fields) if fields.unnamed.len() == 1 => expand_single(
                &input,
                attrs,
                &fields.unnamed[0],
                Member::Unnamed(0.into()),
                None,
            ),
            Fields::Named(_) => expand_multi(&input, attrs, &data.fields, true),
            Fields::Unnamed(_) => expand_multi(&input, attrs, &data.fields, false),
            Fields::Unit => Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
                &input.ident,
                "ValueObject requires at least one field",
            )),
        },
        Data::Enum(data) => expand_enum(&input, attrs, data),
        Data::Union(_) => Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
            &input.ident,
            "ValueObject can only be derived for a struct or enum",
        )),
    }
}

struct EnumVariant<'a> {
    variant: &'a syn::Variant,
    members: Vec<Member>,
    types: Vec<&'a Type>,
    named: bool,
    unit: bool,
    suffix: syn::Ident,
}

fn expand_enum(
    input: &DeriveInput,
    attrs: Attributes,
    data: &syn::DataEnum,
) -> Result<TokenStream> {
    if data.variants.is_empty() {
        return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
            &input.ident,
            "ValueObject requires at least one variant",
        ));
    }

    if attrs.trait_only {
        return trait_only_impl(input, None);
    }

    let mut variants = Vec::with_capacity(data.variants.len());
    let mut suffixes = Vec::with_capacity(data.variants.len());
    for variant in &data.variants {
        let suffix = variant.ident.to_string().to_lowercase();
        if suffixes.iter().any(|known| known == &suffix) {
            return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
                &variant.ident,
                "ValueObject variant method names must be unique after lower-casing",
            ));
        }
        suffixes.push(suffix.clone());

        let (members, types, named, unit) = match &variant.fields {
            Fields::Named(fields) => (
                fields
                    .named
                    .iter()
                    .map(|field| Member::Named(field.ident.clone().expect("named field")))
                    .collect(),
                fields.named.iter().map(|field| &field.ty).collect(),
                true,
                false,
            ),
            Fields::Unnamed(fields) => (
                fields
                    .unnamed
                    .iter()
                    .enumerate()
                    .map(|(index, _)| Member::Unnamed(index.into()))
                    .collect(),
                fields.unnamed.iter().map(|field| &field.ty).collect(),
                false,
                false,
            ),
            Fields::Unit => (Vec::new(), Vec::new(), false, true),
        };
        variants.push(EnumVariant {
            variant,
            members,
            types,
            named,
            unit,
            suffix: format_ident!("{suffix}"),
        });
    }

    let core = core_path()?;
    let name = &input.ident;
    let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = input.generics.split_for_impl();
    let constructors = enum_constructors(&variants, &attrs);
    let accessors = enum_accessors(&variants);
    let standard_impls = standard_impls_enum(name, &input.generics, &variants);
    let serde_impl = if attrs.serde {
        Some(crate::serde::expand(
            input,
            attrs.validator.as_ref(),
            &core,
            false,
        )?)
    } else {
        None
    };

    Ok(quote! {
        impl #impl_generics #core::ValueObject for #name #ty_generics #where_clause {
            type Inner = Self;

            fn as_inner(&self) -> &Self::Inner {
                self
            }

            fn into_inner(self) -> Self::Inner {
                self
            }
        }

        impl #impl_generics #name #ty_generics #where_clause {
            /// **English:**<br>
            /// Borrows the enum itself, including its current variant.
            ///
            /// **日本語:**<br>
            /// 現在のバリアントを含む列挙型自身を借用します。
            pub fn as_inner(&self) -> &Self {
                self
            }

            /// **English:**<br>
            /// Transfers ownership of this enum without changing its variant.
            ///
            /// **日本語:**<br>
            /// バリアントを変更せずに列挙型の所有権を移します。
            pub fn into_inner(self) -> Self {
                self
            }

            #constructors
            #accessors
        }

        #standard_impls
        #serde_impl
    })
}

fn enum_arguments(variant: &EnumVariant<'_>) -> Vec<syn::Ident> {
    if variant.named {
        variant
            .members
            .iter()
            .map(|member| match member {
                Member::Named(ident) => ident.clone(),
                Member::Unnamed(_) => unreachable!("named variant member"),
            })
            .collect()
    } else {
        (0..variant.types.len())
            .map(|index| format_ident!("field_{index}"))
            .collect()
    }
}

fn enum_construct(variant: &EnumVariant<'_>, arguments: &[syn::Ident]) -> TokenStream {
    let variant_name = &variant.variant.ident;
    if variant.unit {
        quote! { Self::#variant_name }
    } else if variant.named {
        quote! { Self::#variant_name { #(#arguments),* } }
    } else {
        quote! { Self::#variant_name(#(#arguments),*) }
    }
}

fn enum_constructors(variants: &[EnumVariant<'_>], attrs: &Attributes) -> TokenStream {
    let methods = variants.iter().map(|variant| {
        let method = if attrs.validator.is_some() {
            format_ident!("try_new_{}", variant.suffix)
        } else {
            format_ident!("new_{}", variant.suffix)
        };
        let arguments = enum_arguments(variant);
        let types = &variant.types;
        let construct = enum_construct(variant, &arguments);
        match (&attrs.validator, &attrs.error) {
            (Some(validator), Some(error)) => quote! {
                /// **English:**<br>
                /// Constructs this variant after validating the candidate;
                /// propagates the validator's error or panic.
                ///
                /// **日本語:**<br>
                /// 候補を検証してこのバリアントを構築し、検証関数の
                /// エラーやパニックを伝播します。
                pub fn #method(#(#arguments: #types),*) -> ::core::result::Result<Self, #error> {
                    let candidate = #construct;
                    #validator(&candidate)?;
                    Ok(candidate)
                }
            },
            (None, None) => quote! {
                /// **English:**<br>
                /// Constructs this variant from its fields without validation.
                ///
                /// **日本語:**<br>
                /// 検証せずにフィールドからこのバリアントを構築します。
                pub fn #method(#(#arguments: #types),*) -> Self {
                    #construct
                }
            },
            _ => unreachable!("validation attributes were checked together"),
        }
    });
    quote! { #(#methods)* }
}

fn enum_pattern(variant: &EnumVariant<'_>, bindings: &[syn::Ident]) -> TokenStream {
    let variant_name = &variant.variant.ident;
    if variant.unit {
        quote! { Self::#variant_name }
    } else if variant.named {
        let members = &variant.members;
        quote! { Self::#variant_name { #(#members: #bindings),* } }
    } else {
        quote! { Self::#variant_name(#(#bindings),*) }
    }
}

fn enum_accessors(variants: &[EnumVariant<'_>]) -> TokenStream {
    let methods = variants.iter().map(|variant| {
        let is_method = format_ident!("is_{}", variant.suffix);
        let as_method = format_ident!("as_{}", variant.suffix);
        let variant_name = &variant.variant.ident;
        let is_pattern = if variant.unit {
            quote! { Self::#variant_name }
        } else if variant.named {
            quote! { Self::#variant_name { .. } }
        } else {
            quote! { Self::#variant_name(..) }
        };
        let bindings: Vec<_> = (0..variant.types.len())
            .map(|index| format_ident!("__ddd_value_object_field_{index}"))
            .collect();
        let pattern = enum_pattern(variant, &bindings);
        let reference_types = variant.types.iter().map(|ty| quote! { &#ty });
        let references = bindings.iter().map(|binding| quote! { #binding });
        let return_type = if variant.unit {
            quote! { ::core::option::Option<()> }
        } else {
            quote! { ::core::option::Option<(#(#reference_types,)*)> }
        };
        let success = if variant.unit {
            quote! { Some(()) }
        } else {
            quote! { Some((#(#references,)*)) }
        };
        quote! {
            /// **English:**<br>
            /// Tests whether this value has the corresponding variant.
            ///
            /// **日本語:**<br>
            /// この値が対応するバリアントかどうかを判定します。
            pub fn #is_method(&self) -> bool {
                matches!(self, #is_pattern)
            }

            /// **English:**<br>
            /// Returns the variant's field references as a tuple, or
            /// `Some(())` for a unit variant; returns `None` for a different variant.
            ///
            /// **日本語:**<br>
            /// バリアントのフィールド参照のタプルを返します。
            /// ユニットなら `Some(())`、異なるバリアントなら `None` を返します。
            pub fn #as_method(&self) -> #return_type {
                match self {
                    #pattern => #success,
                    _ => None,
                }
            }
        }
    });
    quote! { #(#methods)* }
}

fn standard_impls_enum(
    name: &syn::Ident,
    original: &Generics,
    variants: &[EnumVariant<'_>],
) -> TokenStream {
    let mut debug_generics = original.clone();
    for variant in variants {
        for ty in &variant.types {
            debug_generics
                .make_where_clause()
                .predicates
                .push(parse_quote!(#ty: ::core::fmt::Debug));
        }
    }
    let (debug_impl, debug_ty, debug_where) = debug_generics.split_for_impl();
    let debug_arms = variants.iter().map(|variant| {
        let bindings: Vec<_> = (0..variant.types.len())
            .map(|index| format_ident!("__ddd_debug_{index}"))
            .collect();
        let pattern = enum_pattern(variant, &bindings);
        let variant_name = &variant.variant.ident;
        if variant.unit {
            quote! { #pattern => formatter.write_str(concat!(stringify!(#name), "::", stringify!(#variant_name))), }
        } else if variant.named {
            let fields = variant.members.iter().enumerate().map(|(index, member)| {
                let binding = &bindings[index];
                let label = match member {
                    Member::Named(ident) => LitStr::new(&ident.to_string(), ident.span()),
                    Member::Unnamed(_) => unreachable!("named enum field"),
                };
                quote! { debug.field(#label, #binding); }
            });
            quote! {
                #pattern => {
                    let mut debug = formatter.debug_struct(concat!(stringify!(#name), "::", stringify!(#variant_name)));
                    #(#fields)*
                    debug.finish()
                },
            }
        } else {
            let fields = bindings.iter().map(|binding| quote! { debug.field(#binding); });
            quote! {
                #pattern => {
                    let mut debug = formatter.debug_tuple(concat!(stringify!(#name), "::", stringify!(#variant_name)));
                    #(#fields)*
                    debug.finish()
                },
            }
        }
    });

    let mut clone_generics = original.clone();
    for variant in variants {
        for ty in &variant.types {
            clone_generics
                .make_where_clause()
                .predicates
                .push(parse_quote!(#ty: ::core::clone::Clone));
        }
    }
    let (clone_impl, clone_ty, clone_where) = clone_generics.split_for_impl();
    let clone_arms = variants.iter().map(|variant| {
        let bindings: Vec<_> = (0..variant.types.len())
            .map(|index| format_ident!("__ddd_clone_{index}"))
            .collect();
        let pattern = enum_pattern(variant, &bindings);
        let values = bindings.iter().map(|binding| quote! { #binding.clone() });
        let variant_name = &variant.variant.ident;
        if variant.unit {
            quote! { #pattern => Self::#variant_name, }
        } else if variant.named {
            let members = &variant.members;
            quote! { #pattern => Self::#variant_name { #(#members: #values),* }, }
        } else {
            quote! { #pattern => Self::#variant_name(#(#values),*), }
        }
    });

    let mut partial_eq_generics = original.clone();
    for variant in variants {
        for ty in &variant.types {
            partial_eq_generics
                .make_where_clause()
                .predicates
                .push(parse_quote!(#ty: ::core::cmp::PartialEq));
        }
    }
    let (partial_eq_impl, partial_eq_ty, partial_eq_where) = partial_eq_generics.split_for_impl();
    let partial_eq_branches = variants.iter().map(|variant| {
        let is_method = format_ident!("is_{}", variant.suffix);
        let as_method = format_ident!("as_{}", variant.suffix);
        if variant.unit {
            quote! {
                if self.#is_method() {
                    return other.#is_method();
                }
            }
        } else {
            let indexes = (0..variant.types.len()).map(syn::Index::from);
            let comparisons = indexes.map(|index| {
                quote! { ::core::cmp::PartialEq::eq(&*left.#index, &*right.#index) }
            });
            quote! {
                if self.#is_method() {
                    return if other.#is_method() {
                        let left = self.#as_method().expect("matching ValueObject variant");
                        let right = other.#as_method().expect("matching ValueObject variant");
                        true #(&& #comparisons)*
                    } else {
                        false
                    };
                }
            }
        }
    });

    let mut eq_generics = original.clone();
    for variant in variants {
        for ty in &variant.types {
            eq_generics
                .make_where_clause()
                .predicates
                .push(parse_quote!(#ty: ::core::cmp::Eq));
        }
    }
    let (eq_impl, eq_ty, eq_where) = eq_generics.split_for_impl();

    let mut hash_generics = original.clone();
    for variant in variants {
        for ty in &variant.types {
            hash_generics
                .make_where_clause()
                .predicates
                .push(parse_quote!(#ty: ::core::hash::Hash));
        }
    }
    let (hash_impl, hash_ty, hash_where) = hash_generics.split_for_impl();
    let hash_arms = variants.iter().map(|variant| {
        let bindings: Vec<_> = (0..variant.types.len())
            .map(|index| format_ident!("__ddd_hash_{index}"))
            .collect();
        let pattern = enum_pattern(variant, &bindings);
        let hashes = bindings.iter().map(|binding| {
            quote! { ::core::hash::Hash::hash(#binding, state); }
        });
        quote! { #pattern => { #(#hashes)* }, }
    });

    quote! {
        impl #debug_impl ::core::fmt::Debug for #name #debug_ty #debug_where {
            fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
                match self { #(#debug_arms)* }
            }
        }
        impl #clone_impl ::core::clone::Clone for #name #clone_ty #clone_where {
            fn clone(&self) -> Self {
                match self { #(#clone_arms)* }
            }
        }
        impl #partial_eq_impl ::core::cmp::PartialEq for #name #partial_eq_ty #partial_eq_where {
            fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
                #(#partial_eq_branches)*
                false
            }
        }
        impl #eq_impl ::core::cmp::Eq for #name #eq_ty #eq_where {}
        impl #hash_impl ::core::hash::Hash for #name #hash_ty #hash_where {
            fn hash<H: ::core::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
                ::core::hash::Hash::hash(&::core::mem::discriminant(self), state);
                match self { #(#hash_arms)* }
            }
        }
    }
}

fn expand_single(
    input: &DeriveInput,
    attrs: Attributes,
    field: &Field,
    member: Member,
    named_field: Option<syn::Ident>,
) -> Result<TokenStream> {
    if attrs.trait_only {
        return trait_only_impl(input, Some((&field.ty, &member)));
    }
    if attrs.validator.is_some() && matches!(field.vis, syn::Visibility::Public(_)) {
        return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
            field,
            "validated ValueObject inner fields must not be public",
        ));
    }

    let core = core_path()?;
    let name = &input.ident;
    let inner_ty = &field.ty;
    let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = input.generics.split_for_impl();
    let construct = match &named_field {
        Some(field) if field.unraw() == "inner" => quote! { Self { inner } },
        Some(field) => quote! { Self { #field: inner } },
        None => quote! { Self(inner) },
    };

    let constructor = match (&attrs.validator, &attrs.error) {
        (Some(validator), Some(error)) => quote! {
            impl #impl_generics #name #ty_generics #where_clause {
                /// **English:**<br>
                /// Validates the inner value before wrapping it, returning
                /// the validator's error on rejection; validator panics propagate.
                ///
                /// **日本語:**<br>
                /// 内包値を検証してから包み、拒否された場合は検証エラーを
                /// 返します。検証関数のパニックは伝播します。
                pub fn try_new(inner: #inner_ty) -> ::core::result::Result<Self, #error> {
                    #validator(&inner)?;
                    Ok(#construct)
                }
            }
        },
        (None, None) => quote! {
            impl #impl_generics #name #ty_generics #where_clause {
                /// **English:**<br>
                /// Wraps the supplied inner value without validation.
                ///
                /// **日本語:**<br>
                /// 指定された内包値を検証せずに包みます。
                pub fn new(inner: #inner_ty) -> Self {
                    #construct
                }
            }
        },
        _ => unreachable!("validation attributes were checked together"),
    };

    let standard_impls = standard_impls_single(
        name,
        &input.generics,
        inner_ty,
        &member,
        named_field.as_ref(),
    );
    let serde_impl = if attrs.serde {
        Some(crate::serde::expand(
            input,
            attrs.validator.as_ref(),
            &core,
            false,
        )?)
    } else {
        None
    };

    Ok(quote! {
        impl #impl_generics #core::ValueObject for #name #ty_generics #where_clause {
            type Inner = #inner_ty;

            fn as_inner(&self) -> &Self::Inner {
                &self.#member
            }

            fn into_inner(self) -> Self::Inner {
                self.#member
            }
        }

        impl #impl_generics #name #ty_generics #where_clause {
            /// **English:**<br>
            /// Borrows the wrapped field without consuming this wrapper.
            ///
            /// **日本語:**<br>
            /// ラッパーを消費せずに内包フィールドを借用します。
            pub fn as_inner(&self) -> &#inner_ty {
                &self.#member
            }

            /// **English:**<br>
            /// Consumes this wrapper and moves out its field without validation.
            ///
            /// **日本語:**<br>
            /// ラッパーを消費し、検証せずに内包フィールドを取り出します。
            pub fn into_inner(self) -> #inner_ty {
                self.#member
            }
        }

        #constructor
        #standard_impls
        #serde_impl
    })
}

fn expand_multi(
    input: &DeriveInput,
    attrs: Attributes,
    fields: &Fields,
    named: bool,
) -> Result<TokenStream> {
    if attrs.trait_only {
        return trait_only_impl(input, None);
    }
    let field_list: Vec<&Field> = match fields {
        Fields::Named(fields) => fields.named.iter().collect(),
        Fields::Unnamed(fields) => fields.unnamed.iter().collect(),
        Fields::Unit => unreachable!("unit fields are rejected before expansion"),
    };
    if attrs.validator.is_some()
        && let Some(field) = field_list
            .iter()
            .find(|field| matches!(field.vis, syn::Visibility::Public(_)))
    {
        return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
            field,
            "validated ValueObject fields must not be public",
        ));
    }

    let members: Vec<Member> = field_list
        .iter()
        .enumerate()
        .map(|(index, field)| {
            if named {
                Member::Named(field.ident.clone().expect("named field has an identifier"))
            } else {
                Member::Unnamed(index.into())
            }
        })
        .collect();
    let arguments: Vec<syn::Ident> = if named {
        field_list
            .iter()
            .map(|field| field.ident.clone().expect("named field has an identifier"))
            .collect()
    } else {
        (0..field_list.len())
            .map(|index| format_ident!("field_{index}"))
            .collect()
    };
    let types: Vec<&Type> = field_list.iter().map(|field| &field.ty).collect();
    let core = core_path()?;
    let name = &input.ident;
    let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = input.generics.split_for_impl();

    let construct = construct_self(named, &arguments);
    let constructor = match (&attrs.validator, &attrs.error) {
        (Some(validator), Some(error)) => quote! {
            /// **English:**<br>
            /// Builds fields in declaration order and validates the resulting
            /// struct, propagating the validator's error or panic.
            ///
            /// **日本語:**<br>
            /// 宣言順のフィールドから構造体を作って検証し、検証関数の
            /// エラーやパニックを伝播します。
            pub fn try_new(#(#arguments: #types),*) -> ::core::result::Result<Self, #error> {
                let candidate = #construct;
                #validator(&candidate)?;
                Ok(candidate)
            }
        },
        (None, None) => quote! {
            /// **English:**<br>
            /// Builds this struct from fields in declaration order without validation.
            ///
            /// **日本語:**<br>
            /// 宣言順のフィールドから検証せずに構造体を構築します。
            pub fn new(#(#arguments: #types),*) -> Self {
                #construct
            }
        },
        _ => unreachable!("validation attributes were checked together"),
    };
    let accessors =
        arguments
            .iter()
            .zip(members.iter())
            .zip(types.iter())
            .map(|((argument, member), ty)| {
                quote! {
                    /// **English:**<br>
                    /// Borrows this field, keeping ownership in the value object.
                    ///
                    /// **日本語:**<br>
                    /// 値オブジェクトに所有権を残してこのフィールドを借用します。
                    pub fn #argument(&self) -> &#ty {
                        &self.#member
                    }
                }
            });
    let standard_impls = standard_impls_multi(name, &input.generics, &members, &types, named);
    let serde_impl = if attrs.serde {
        Some(crate::serde::expand(
            input,
            attrs.validator.as_ref(),
            &core,
            false,
        )?)
    } else {
        None
    };

    Ok(quote! {
        impl #impl_generics #core::ValueObject for #name #ty_generics #where_clause {
            type Inner = Self;

            fn as_inner(&self) -> &Self::Inner {
                self
            }

            fn into_inner(self) -> Self::Inner {
                self
            }
        }

        impl #impl_generics #name #ty_generics #where_clause {
            #constructor

            /// **English:**<br>
            /// Borrows this multi-field struct as its own inner value.
            ///
            /// **日本語:**<br>
            /// 複数フィールド構造体自身を内包値として借用します。
            pub fn as_inner(&self) -> &Self {
                self
            }

            /// **English:**<br>
            /// Returns this multi-field struct by value without revalidation.
            ///
            /// **日本語:**<br>
            /// 再検証せずに複数フィールド構造体自身を値として返します。
            pub fn into_inner(self) -> Self {
                self
            }

            #(#accessors)*
        }

        #standard_impls
        #serde_impl
    })
}

fn trait_only_impl(input: &DeriveInput, field: Option<(&Type, &Member)>) -> Result<TokenStream> {
    let core = core_path()?;
    let name = &input.ident;
    let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = input.generics.split_for_impl();
    let (inner, borrowed, owned) = match field {
        Some((ty, member)) => (quote!(#ty), quote!(&self.#member), quote!(self.#member)),
        None => (quote!(Self), quote!(self), quote!(self)),
    };
    Ok(quote! {
        impl #impl_generics #core::ValueObject for #name #ty_generics #where_clause {
            type Inner = #inner;
            fn as_inner(&self) -> &Self::Inner { #borrowed }
            fn into_inner(self) -> Self::Inner { #owned }
        }
    })
}

fn construct_self(named: bool, arguments: &[syn::Ident]) -> TokenStream {
    if named {
        quote! { Self { #(#arguments),* } }
    } else {
        quote! { Self(#(#arguments),*) }
    }
}

fn parse_attributes(input: &DeriveInput) -> Result<Attributes> {
    let matching: Vec<_> = input
        .attrs
        .iter()
        .filter(|attr| attr.path().is_ident("value_object"))
        .collect();
    if matching.len() > 1 {
        return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
            matching[1],
            "value_object attributes may be specified only once",
        ));
    }

    let mut attributes = Attributes {
        validator: None,
        error: None,
        serde: false,
        trait_only: false,
    };
    if let Some(attr) = matching.first() {
        let mut option_found = false;
        attr.parse_nested_meta(|meta| {
            option_found = true;
            if meta.path.is_ident("trait_only") {
                if !meta.input.is_empty() && !meta.input.peek(syn::Token![,]) {
                    return Err(meta.error("trait_only is a flag and takes no value"));
                }
                if attributes.trait_only {
                    return Err(meta.error("duplicate trait_only attribute"));
                }
                attributes.trait_only = true;
                return Ok(());
            }
            if meta.path.is_ident("validate") {
                if attributes.validator.is_some() {
                    return Err(meta.error("duplicate validate attribute"));
                }
                attributes.validator = Some(meta.value()?.parse()?);
                return Ok(());
            }
            if meta.path.is_ident("error") {
                if attributes.error.is_some() {
                    return Err(meta.error("duplicate error attribute"));
                }
                attributes.error = Some(meta.value()?.parse()?);
                return Ok(());
            }
            if meta.path.is_ident("serde") {
                if !meta.input.is_empty() {
                    return Err(meta.error("serde is a flag and takes no value"));
                }
                if attributes.serde {
                    return Err(meta.error("duplicate serde attribute"));
                }
                attributes.serde = true;
                return Ok(());
            }
            Err(meta.error("unknown value_object attribute"))
        })?;
        if !option_found {
            return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
                attr,
                "value_object requires at least one option",
            ));
        }
    }

    if attributes.trait_only
        && (attributes.validator.is_some() || attributes.error.is_some() || attributes.serde)
    {
        return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
            matching[0],
            "trait_only cannot be combined with validate, error, or serde",
        ));
    }
    if attributes.validator.is_some() != attributes.error.is_some() {
        return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
            matching.first().expect("one attribute exists"),
            "validate and error must be specified together",
        ));
    }
    Ok(attributes)
}

fn standard_impls_single(
    name: &syn::Ident,
    original: &Generics,
    inner_ty: &Type,
    member: &Member,
    named_field: Option<&syn::Ident>,
) -> TokenStream {
    let mut debug_generics = original.clone();
    debug_generics
        .make_where_clause()
        .predicates
        .push(parse_quote!(#inner_ty: ::core::fmt::Debug));
    let (debug_impl, debug_ty, debug_where) = debug_generics.split_for_impl();

    let mut clone_generics = original.clone();
    clone_generics
        .make_where_clause()
        .predicates
        .push(parse_quote!(#inner_ty: ::core::clone::Clone));
    let (clone_impl, clone_ty, clone_where) = clone_generics.split_for_impl();

    let mut partial_eq_generics = original.clone();
    partial_eq_generics
        .make_where_clause()
        .predicates
        .push(parse_quote!(#inner_ty: ::core::cmp::PartialEq));
    let (partial_eq_impl, partial_eq_ty, partial_eq_where) = partial_eq_generics.split_for_impl();

    let mut eq_generics = original.clone();
    eq_generics
        .make_where_clause()
        .predicates
        .push(parse_quote!(#inner_ty: ::core::cmp::Eq));
    let (eq_impl, eq_ty, eq_where) = eq_generics.split_for_impl();

    let mut hash_generics = original.clone();
    hash_generics
        .make_where_clause()
        .predicates
        .push(parse_quote!(#inner_ty: ::core::hash::Hash));
    let (hash_impl, hash_ty, hash_where) = hash_generics.split_for_impl();

    let clone = match named_field {
        Some(field) => quote! { Self { #field: self.#member.clone() } },
        None => quote! { Self(self.#member.clone()) },
    };

    quote! {
        impl #debug_impl ::core::fmt::Debug for #name #debug_ty #debug_where {
            fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
                ::core::fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.#member, formatter)
            }
        }
        impl #clone_impl ::core::clone::Clone for #name #clone_ty #clone_where {
            fn clone(&self) -> Self {
                #clone
            }
        }
        impl #partial_eq_impl ::core::cmp::PartialEq for #name #partial_eq_ty #partial_eq_where {
            fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
                self.#member == other.#member
            }
        }
        impl #eq_impl ::core::cmp::Eq for #name #eq_ty #eq_where {}
        impl #hash_impl ::core::hash::Hash for #name #hash_ty #hash_where {
            fn hash<H: ::core::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
                ::core::hash::Hash::hash(&self.#member, state);
            }
        }
    }
}

fn standard_impls_multi(
    name: &syn::Ident,
    original: &Generics,
    members: &[Member],
    types: &[&Type],
    named: bool,
) -> TokenStream {
    let mut debug_generics = original.clone();
    for ty in types {
        debug_generics
            .make_where_clause()
            .predicates
            .push(parse_quote!(#ty: ::core::fmt::Debug));
    }
    let (debug_impl, debug_ty, debug_where) = debug_generics.split_for_impl();

    let mut clone_generics = original.clone();
    for ty in types {
        clone_generics
            .make_where_clause()
            .predicates
            .push(parse_quote!(#ty: ::core::clone::Clone));
    }
    let (clone_impl, clone_ty, clone_where) = clone_generics.split_for_impl();

    let mut partial_eq_generics = original.clone();
    for ty in types {
        partial_eq_generics
            .make_where_clause()
            .predicates
            .push(parse_quote!(#ty: ::core::cmp::PartialEq));
    }
    let (partial_eq_impl, partial_eq_ty, partial_eq_where) = partial_eq_generics.split_for_impl();

    let mut eq_generics = original.clone();
    for ty in types {
        eq_generics
            .make_where_clause()
            .predicates
            .push(parse_quote!(#ty: ::core::cmp::Eq));
    }
    let (eq_impl, eq_ty, eq_where) = eq_generics.split_for_impl();

    let mut hash_generics = original.clone();
    for ty in types {
        hash_generics
            .make_where_clause()
            .predicates
            .push(parse_quote!(#ty: ::core::hash::Hash));
    }
    let (hash_impl, hash_ty, hash_where) = hash_generics.split_for_impl();

    let clone_values = members.iter().map(|member| quote! { self.#member.clone() });
    let clone = if named {
        quote! { Self { #(#members: #clone_values),* } }
    } else {
        quote! { Self(#(#clone_values),*) }
    };
    let comparisons = members
        .iter()
        .map(|member| quote! { self.#member == other.#member });
    let hashes = members
        .iter()
        .map(|member| quote! { ::core::hash::Hash::hash(&self.#member, state); });
    let debug_names: Vec<LitStr> = members
        .iter()
        .enumerate()
        .map(|(index, member)| match member {
            Member::Named(ident) => LitStr::new(&ident.to_string(), ident.span()),
            Member::Unnamed(_) => LitStr::new(&format!("field_{index}"), Span::call_site()),
        })
        .collect();
    let debug = if named {
        quote! {
            let mut debug = formatter.debug_struct(stringify!(#name));
            #(debug.field(#debug_names, &self.#members);)*
            debug.finish()
        }
    } else {
        quote! {
            let mut debug = formatter.debug_tuple(stringify!(#name));
            #(debug.field(&self.#members);)*
            debug.finish()
        }
    };

    quote! {
        impl #debug_impl ::core::fmt::Debug for #name #debug_ty #debug_where {
            fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
                #debug
            }
        }
        impl #clone_impl ::core::clone::Clone for #name #clone_ty #clone_where {
            fn clone(&self) -> Self {
                #clone
            }
        }
        impl #partial_eq_impl ::core::cmp::PartialEq for #name #partial_eq_ty #partial_eq_where {
            fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
                true #(&& #comparisons)*
            }
        }
        impl #eq_impl ::core::cmp::Eq for #name #eq_ty #eq_where {}
        impl #hash_impl ::core::hash::Hash for #name #hash_ty #hash_where {
            fn hash<H: ::core::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
                #(#hashes)*
            }
        }
    }
}