# dd: convert and copy a file
## SYNOPSIS
dd [OPERAND]... dd OPTION
## DESCRIPTION
Copy a file converting and formatting according to the operands.
### bs=BYTES
read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512); overrides ibs and obs
### cbs=BYTES
convert BYTES bytes at a time
### conv=CONVS
convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
### count=N
copy only N input blocks
### ibs=BYTES
read up to BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
### if=FILE
read from FILE instead of stdin
### iflag=FLAGS
read as per the comma separated symbol list
### obs=BYTES
write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
### of=FILE
write to FILE instead of stdout
### oflag=FLAGS
write as per the comma separated symbol list
### seek=N
skip N obs-sized blocks at start of output
### skip=N
skip N ibs-sized blocks at start of input
### status=LEVEL
<unimplemented>
</unimplemented>
The LEVEL of information to print to stderr; 'none' suppresses everything but error messages, 'noxfer' suppresses the final transfer statistics, 'progress' shows periodic transfer statistics
N and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000_1000, M =1024_1024, xM =M, GB =1000_1000_1000, G =1024_1024_1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
### CONV:
Each conv symbol may be:
#### ascii
from EBCDIC to ASCII
#### ebcdic
from ASCII to EBCDIC
#### ibm
from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
#### block
pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
#### unblock
replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
#### lcase
change upper case to lower case
#### ucase
change lower case to upper case
#### sparse
try to seek rather than write the output for NUL input blocks
#### swab
swap every pair of input bytes
#### sync
pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
#### excl
fail if the output file already exists
#### nocreat
do not create the output file
#### notrunc
do not truncate the output file
#### noerror
continue after read errors
#### fdatasync
physically write output file data before finishing
#### fsync
likewise, but also write metadata
### FLAG
Each FLAG symbol may be: -append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
#### direct
use direct I/O for data
#### directory
fail unless a directory
#### dsync
use synchronized I/O for data
#### sync
likewise, but also for metadata
#### fullblock
accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
#### nonblock
use non-blocking I/O
#### noatime
do not update access time
#### nocache
Request to drop cache. See also oflag=sync
#### noctty
do not assign controlling terminal from file
#### nofollow
do not follow symlinks
#### count_bytes
treat 'count=N' as a byte count (iflag only)
#### skip_bytes
treat 'skip=N' as a byte count (iflag only)
#### seek_bytes
treat 'seek=N' as a byte count (oflag only)
### SIGNALS
Sending a USR1 signal to a running 'dd' process makes it print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
### OPTIONS
--help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit
### AUTHOR
Originally Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp. Clone written _only_ by looking at man page by Efron Licht /// input, output, and encoding