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use crate::{Dbc, Error, Message, Result, compat::Vec};
/// Maximum CAN FD payload size (64 bytes)
const MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE: usize = 64;
impl Dbc {
/// Encode signal values into a CAN message payload.
///
/// This is the inverse of [`Dbc::decode()`]. It takes a list of signal names
/// and their physical values, and produces a raw CAN message payload ready
/// for transmission.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `id` - The raw CAN message ID (without extended flag)
/// * `signals` - Slice of (signal_name, physical_value) tuples to encode
/// * `is_extended` - Whether this is an extended (29-bit) CAN ID
///
/// # Returns
///
/// * `Ok(Vec<u8, 64>)` - The encoded payload, sized according to message DLC
/// * `Err(Error)` - If message not found, signal not found, or value out of range
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// use dbc_rs::Dbc;
///
/// let dbc = Dbc::parse(r#"VERSION "1.0"
///
/// BU_: ECM
///
/// BO_ 256 Engine : 8 ECM
/// SG_ RPM : 0|16@1+ (0.25,0) [0|8000] "rpm" *
/// SG_ Temp : 16|8@1- (1,-40) [-40|215] "°C" *
/// "#)?;
///
/// // Encode RPM=2000 and Temp=50°C
/// let payload = dbc.encode(256, &[("RPM", 2000.0), ("Temp", 50.0)], false)?;
///
/// // The payload can now be transmitted over CAN
/// assert_eq!(payload.len(), 8);
/// # Ok::<(), dbc_rs::Error>(())
/// ```
///
/// # Multiplexing
///
/// For multiplexed messages, include the multiplexer switch signal in the
/// signal list along with the multiplexed signals you want to encode:
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// use dbc_rs::Dbc;
///
/// let dbc = Dbc::parse(r#"VERSION "1.0"
///
/// BU_: ECM
///
/// BO_ 300 Sensors : 8 ECM
/// SG_ SensorID M : 0|8@1+ (1,0) [0|3] ""
/// SG_ Temperature m0 : 8|16@1- (0.1,-40) [-40|125] "°C" *
/// SG_ Pressure m1 : 8|16@1+ (0.01,0) [0|655.35] "kPa" *
/// "#)?;
///
/// // Encode temperature reading (SensorID=0)
/// let payload = dbc.encode(300, &[("SensorID", 0.0), ("Temperature", 25.0)], false)?;
/// # Ok::<(), dbc_rs::Error>(())
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn encode(
&self,
id: u32,
signals: &[(&str, f64)],
is_extended: bool,
) -> Result<Vec<u8, MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE>> {
// If it's an extended ID, add the extended ID flag
let id = if is_extended {
id | Message::EXTENDED_ID_FLAG
} else {
id
};
// Find message by ID
let message = self
.messages()
.find_by_id(id)
.ok_or(Error::Encoding(Error::MESSAGE_NOT_FOUND))?;
// Create zero-initialized payload of size DLC
let dlc = message.dlc() as usize;
let mut payload: Vec<u8, MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE> = Vec::new();
for _ in 0..dlc {
payload.push(0).map_err(|_| Error::Encoding(Error::MESSAGE_DLC_TOO_LARGE))?;
}
// Encode each signal
for &(signal_name, physical_value) in signals {
// Find signal in message
let signal = message
.signals()
.iter()
.find(|s| s.name() == signal_name)
.ok_or(Error::Encoding(Error::ENCODING_SIGNAL_NOT_FOUND))?;
// Encode and insert into payload (get mutable slice for heapless compatibility)
signal.encode_to(physical_value, payload.as_mut_slice())?;
}
Ok(payload)
}
/// Encode signal values into a CAN frame using embedded-can types.
///
/// This is a convenience method that encodes signals and returns the result
/// in a format compatible with embedded-can drivers.
///
/// # Arguments
///
/// * `id` - The CAN ID (Standard or Extended)
/// * `signals` - Slice of (signal_name, physical_value) tuples to encode
///
/// # Returns
///
/// * `Ok(Vec<u8, 64>)` - The encoded payload
/// * `Err(Error)` - If encoding fails
///
/// # Feature
///
/// This method is only available when the `embedded-can` feature is enabled.
#[cfg(feature = "embedded-can")]
#[inline]
pub fn encode_for_id(
&self,
id: embedded_can::Id,
signals: &[(&str, f64)],
) -> Result<Vec<u8, MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE>> {
match id {
embedded_can::Id::Standard(std_id) => {
self.encode(std_id.as_raw() as u32, signals, false)
}
embedded_can::Id::Extended(ext_id) => self.encode(ext_id.as_raw(), signals, true),
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use crate::Dbc;
#[test]
fn test_encode_basic() {
let dbc = Dbc::parse(
r#"VERSION "1.0"
BU_: ECM
BO_ 256 Engine : 8 ECM
SG_ RPM : 0|16@1+ (0.25,0) [0|8000] "rpm" *
"#,
)
.unwrap();
// Encode RPM = 2000.0 (raw: 2000 / 0.25 = 8000 = 0x1F40)
let payload = dbc.encode(256, &[("RPM", 2000.0)], false).unwrap();
assert_eq!(payload.len(), 8);
// Little-endian 16-bit: 8000 = 0x1F40 -> [0x40, 0x1F]
assert_eq!(payload[0], 0x40);
assert_eq!(payload[1], 0x1F);
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_multiple_signals() {
let dbc = Dbc::parse(
r#"VERSION "1.0"
BU_: ECM
BO_ 256 Engine : 8 ECM
SG_ RPM : 0|16@1+ (0.25,0) [0|8000] "rpm" *
SG_ Temp : 16|8@1- (1,-40) [-40|215] "°C" *
"#,
)
.unwrap();
// Encode RPM = 2000.0 and Temp = 50°C
// RPM: 2000 / 0.25 = 8000 = 0x1F40
// Temp: (50 - (-40)) / 1 = 90 = 0x5A
let payload = dbc.encode(256, &[("RPM", 2000.0), ("Temp", 50.0)], false).unwrap();
assert_eq!(payload.len(), 8);
assert_eq!(payload[0], 0x40); // RPM low byte
assert_eq!(payload[1], 0x1F); // RPM high byte
assert_eq!(payload[2], 0x5A); // Temp
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_decode_roundtrip() {
let dbc = Dbc::parse(
r#"VERSION "1.0"
BU_: ECM
BO_ 256 Engine : 8 ECM
SG_ RPM : 0|16@1+ (0.25,0) [0|8000] "rpm" *
SG_ Temp : 16|8@1- (1,-40) [-40|215] "°C" *
SG_ Throttle : 24|8@1+ (1,0) [0|100] "%" *
"#,
)
.unwrap();
// Original values
let rpm = 3500.0;
let temp = 85.0;
let throttle = 42.0;
// Encode
let payload = dbc
.encode(
256,
&[("RPM", rpm), ("Temp", temp), ("Throttle", throttle)],
false,
)
.unwrap();
// Decode
let decoded = dbc.decode(256, &payload, false).unwrap();
// Verify roundtrip
let find_value = |name: &str| decoded.iter().find(|s| s.name == name).map(|s| s.value);
assert!((find_value("RPM").unwrap() - rpm).abs() < 0.5); // Within factor precision
assert!((find_value("Temp").unwrap() - temp).abs() < 0.5);
assert!((find_value("Throttle").unwrap() - throttle).abs() < 0.5);
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_message_not_found() {
let dbc = Dbc::parse(
r#"VERSION "1.0"
BU_: ECM
BO_ 256 Engine : 8 ECM
SG_ RPM : 0|16@1+ (0.25,0) [0|8000] "rpm" *
"#,
)
.unwrap();
let result = dbc.encode(512, &[("RPM", 2000.0)], false);
assert!(result.is_err());
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_signal_not_found() {
let dbc = Dbc::parse(
r#"VERSION "1.0"
BU_: ECM
BO_ 256 Engine : 8 ECM
SG_ RPM : 0|16@1+ (0.25,0) [0|8000] "rpm" *
"#,
)
.unwrap();
let result = dbc.encode(256, &[("NonExistent", 100.0)], false);
assert!(result.is_err());
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_value_out_of_range() {
let dbc = Dbc::parse(
r#"VERSION "1.0"
BU_: ECM
BO_ 256 Engine : 8 ECM
SG_ RPM : 0|16@1+ (0.25,0) [0|8000] "rpm" *
"#,
)
.unwrap();
// Value above max (8000)
let result = dbc.encode(256, &[("RPM", 9000.0)], false);
assert!(result.is_err());
// Value below min (0)
let result = dbc.encode(256, &[("RPM", -100.0)], false);
assert!(result.is_err());
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_signed_signal() {
let dbc = Dbc::parse(
r#"VERSION "1.0"
BU_: ECM
BO_ 256 Engine : 8 ECM
SG_ Torque : 0|16@1- (0.01,0) [-327.68|327.67] "Nm" *
"#,
)
.unwrap();
// Encode negative value: -10.0 -> raw = -1000 = 0xFC18 (two's complement)
let payload = dbc.encode(256, &[("Torque", -10.0)], false).unwrap();
assert_eq!(payload[0], 0x18); // Low byte
assert_eq!(payload[1], 0xFC); // High byte (two's complement)
// Roundtrip verify
let decoded = dbc.decode(256, &payload, false).unwrap();
assert!((decoded[0].value - (-10.0)).abs() < 0.01);
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_big_endian() {
let dbc = Dbc::parse(
r#"VERSION "1.0"
BU_: ECM
BO_ 256 Engine : 8 ECM
SG_ Pressure : 7|16@0+ (0.01,0) [0|655.35] "kPa" *
"#,
)
.unwrap();
// Encode 10.0 kPa -> raw = 1000 = 0x03E8, big-endian at bit 7
let payload = dbc.encode(256, &[("Pressure", 10.0)], false).unwrap();
assert_eq!(payload[0], 0x03); // High byte first (big-endian)
assert_eq!(payload[1], 0xE8); // Low byte
// Roundtrip verify
let decoded = dbc.decode(256, &payload, false).unwrap();
assert!((decoded[0].value - 10.0).abs() < 0.01);
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_extended_can_id() {
// 0x80000000 + 0x400 = 2147484672
let dbc = Dbc::parse(
r#"VERSION "1.0"
BU_: ECM
BO_ 2147484672 ExtendedMsg : 8 ECM
SG_ Speed : 0|16@1+ (0.1,0) [0|6553.5] "km/h" *
"#,
)
.unwrap();
// Encode 100.0 km/h with extended ID 0x400
let payload = dbc.encode(0x400, &[("Speed", 100.0)], true).unwrap();
assert_eq!(payload[0], 0xE8); // 1000 = 0x03E8
assert_eq!(payload[1], 0x03);
// Roundtrip verify
let decoded = dbc.decode(0x400, &payload, true).unwrap();
assert!((decoded[0].value - 100.0).abs() < 0.1);
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_multiplexed_signal() {
let dbc = Dbc::parse(
r#"VERSION "1.0"
BU_: ECM
BO_ 300 Sensors : 8 ECM
SG_ SensorID M : 0|8@1+ (1,0) [0|3] ""
SG_ Temperature m0 : 8|16@1- (0.1,-40) [-40|125] "°C" *
SG_ Pressure m1 : 8|16@1+ (0.01,0) [0|655.35] "kPa" *
"#,
)
.unwrap();
// Encode temperature sensor data (SensorID=0)
let payload = dbc.encode(300, &[("SensorID", 0.0), ("Temperature", 25.0)], false).unwrap();
// Verify SensorID = 0
assert_eq!(payload[0], 0x00);
// Temperature 25°C -> raw = (25 - (-40)) / 0.1 = 650
// Little-endian: 650 = 0x028A -> [0x8A, 0x02]
assert_eq!(payload[1], 0x8A);
assert_eq!(payload[2], 0x02);
// Decode and verify
let decoded = dbc.decode(300, &payload, false).unwrap();
let find_value = |name: &str| decoded.iter().find(|s| s.name == name).map(|s| s.value);
assert_eq!(find_value("SensorID"), Some(0.0));
assert!((find_value("Temperature").unwrap() - 25.0).abs() < 0.1);
// Pressure should not be decoded (SensorID != 1)
assert!(find_value("Pressure").is_none());
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_preserves_unset_bits() {
// Test that encoding one signal doesn't affect bits used by other signals
let dbc = Dbc::parse(
r#"VERSION "1.0"
BU_: ECM
BO_ 256 Engine : 8 ECM
SG_ SignalA : 0|8@1+ (1,0) [0|255] ""
SG_ SignalB : 8|8@1+ (1,0) [0|255] ""
"#,
)
.unwrap();
// Encode only SignalA
let payload = dbc.encode(256, &[("SignalA", 100.0)], false).unwrap();
assert_eq!(payload[0], 100);
assert_eq!(payload[1], 0); // SignalB should be 0
// Encode only SignalB
let payload = dbc.encode(256, &[("SignalB", 200.0)], false).unwrap();
assert_eq!(payload[0], 0); // SignalA should be 0
assert_eq!(payload[1], 200);
// Encode both
let payload = dbc.encode(256, &[("SignalA", 100.0), ("SignalB", 200.0)], false).unwrap();
assert_eq!(payload[0], 100);
assert_eq!(payload[1], 200);
}
#[cfg(feature = "embedded-can")]
mod embedded_can_tests {
use super::*;
use embedded_can::{ExtendedId, Id, StandardId};
#[test]
fn test_encode_for_id_standard() {
let dbc = Dbc::parse(
r#"VERSION "1.0"
BU_: ECM
BO_ 256 Engine : 8 ECM
SG_ RPM : 0|16@1+ (0.25,0) [0|8000] "rpm" *
"#,
)
.unwrap();
let std_id = Id::Standard(StandardId::new(256).unwrap());
let payload = dbc.encode_for_id(std_id, &[("RPM", 2000.0)]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(payload[0], 0x40);
assert_eq!(payload[1], 0x1F);
}
#[test]
fn test_encode_for_id_extended() {
// 0x80000000 + 0x400 = 2147484672
let dbc = Dbc::parse(
r#"VERSION "1.0"
BU_: ECM
BO_ 2147484672 ExtendedMsg : 8 ECM
SG_ Speed : 0|16@1+ (0.1,0) [0|6553.5] "km/h" *
"#,
)
.unwrap();
let ext_id = Id::Extended(ExtendedId::new(0x400).unwrap());
let payload = dbc.encode_for_id(ext_id, &[("Speed", 100.0)]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(payload[0], 0xE8);
assert_eq!(payload[1], 0x03);
}
}
}