datafusion_functions/regex/

regexpcount.rs

// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

use crate::regex::{compile_and_cache_regex, compile_regex, start_to_byte_offset};
use arrow::array::{Array, ArrayRef, AsArray, Datum, Int64Array, StringArrayType};
use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Int64Type};
use arrow::datatypes::{
    DataType::Int64, DataType::LargeUtf8, DataType::Utf8, DataType::Utf8View,
};
use arrow::error::ArrowError;
use datafusion_common::{Result, ScalarValue, exec_err, internal_err};
use datafusion_expr::{
    ColumnarValue, Documentation, ScalarFunctionArgs, ScalarUDFImpl, Signature,
    TypeSignature::Exact, TypeSignature::Uniform, Volatility,
};
use datafusion_macros::user_doc;
use itertools::izip;
use regex::Regex;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::Arc;

#[user_doc(
    doc_section(label = "Regular Expression Functions"),
    description = "Returns the number of matches that a [regular expression](https://docs.rs/regex/latest/regex/#syntax) has in a string.",
    syntax_example = "regexp_count(str, regexp[, start[, flags]])",
    sql_example = r#"```sql
> select regexp_count('abcAbAbc', 'abc', 2, 'i');
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| regexp_count(Utf8("abcAbAbc"),Utf8("abc"),Int64(2),Utf8("i")) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1                                                             |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
```"#,
    standard_argument(name = "str", prefix = "String"),
    standard_argument(name = "regexp", prefix = "Regular"),
    argument(
        name = "start",
        description = "Optional start position (the first position is 1) to search for the regular expression. Can be a constant, column, or function."
    ),
    argument(
        name = "flags",
        description = r#"Optional regular expression flags that control the behavior of the regular expression. Refer to the flags reference above for supported flags."#
    )
)]
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct RegexpCountFunc {
    signature: Signature,
}

impl Default for RegexpCountFunc {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

impl RegexpCountFunc {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            signature: Signature::one_of(
                vec![
                    Uniform(2, vec![Utf8View, LargeUtf8, Utf8]),
                    Exact(vec![Utf8View, Utf8View, Int64]),
                    Exact(vec![LargeUtf8, LargeUtf8, Int64]),
                    Exact(vec![Utf8, Utf8, Int64]),
                    Exact(vec![Utf8View, Utf8View, Int64, Utf8View]),
                    Exact(vec![LargeUtf8, LargeUtf8, Int64, LargeUtf8]),
                    Exact(vec![Utf8, Utf8, Int64, Utf8]),
                ],
                Volatility::Immutable,
            ),
        }
    }
}

impl ScalarUDFImpl for RegexpCountFunc {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "regexp_count"
    }

    fn signature(&self) -> &Signature {
        &self.signature
    }

    fn return_type(&self, _arg_types: &[DataType]) -> Result<DataType> {
        Ok(Int64)
    }

    fn invoke_with_args(&self, args: ScalarFunctionArgs) -> Result<ColumnarValue> {
        let args = &args.args;

        let len = args
            .iter()
            .fold(Option::<usize>::None, |acc, arg| match arg {
                ColumnarValue::Scalar(_) => acc,
                ColumnarValue::Array(a) => Some(a.len()),
            });

        let is_scalar = len.is_none();
        let inferred_length = len.unwrap_or(1);
        let args = args
            .iter()
            .map(|arg| arg.to_array(inferred_length))
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;

        let result = regexp_count_func(&args);
        if is_scalar {
            // If all inputs are scalar, keeps output as scalar
            let result = result.and_then(|arr| ScalarValue::try_from_array(&arr, 0));
            result.map(ColumnarValue::Scalar)
        } else {
            result.map(ColumnarValue::Array)
        }
    }

    fn documentation(&self) -> Option<&Documentation> {
        self.doc()
    }
}

pub fn regexp_count_func(args: &[ArrayRef]) -> Result<ArrayRef> {
    let args_len = args.len();
    if !(2..=4).contains(&args_len) {
        return exec_err!(
            "regexp_count was called with {args_len} arguments. It requires at least 2 and at most 4."
        );
    }

    let values = &args[0];
    match values.data_type() {
        Utf8 | LargeUtf8 | Utf8View => (),
        other => {
            return internal_err!(
                "Unsupported data type {other:?} for function regexp_count"
            );
        }
    }

    regexp_count(
        values,
        &args[1],
        if args_len > 2 { Some(&args[2]) } else { None },
        if args_len > 3 { Some(&args[3]) } else { None },
    )
    .map_err(|e| e.into())
}

/// `arrow-rs` style implementation of `regexp_count` function.
/// This function `regexp_count` is responsible for counting the occurrences of a regular expression pattern
/// within a string array. It supports optional start positions and flags for case insensitivity.
///
/// The function accepts a variable number of arguments:
/// - `values`: The array of strings to search within.
/// - `regex_array`: The array of regular expression patterns to search for.
/// - `start_array` (optional): The array of start positions for the search.
/// - `flags_array` (optional): The array of flags to modify the search behavior (e.g., case insensitivity).
///
/// The function handles different combinations of scalar and array inputs for the regex patterns, start positions,
/// and flags. It uses a cache to store compiled regular expressions for efficiency.
///
/// # Errors
/// Returns an error if the input arrays have mismatched lengths or if the regular expression fails to compile.
fn regexp_count(
    values: &dyn Array,
    regex_array: &dyn Datum,
    start_array: Option<&dyn Datum>,
    flags_array: Option<&dyn Datum>,
) -> Result<ArrayRef, ArrowError> {
    let (regex_array, is_regex_scalar) = regex_array.get();
    let (start_array, is_start_scalar) = start_array.map_or((None, true), |start| {
        let (start, is_start_scalar) = start.get();
        (Some(start), is_start_scalar)
    });
    let (flags_array, is_flags_scalar) = flags_array.map_or((None, true), |flags| {
        let (flags, is_flags_scalar) = flags.get();
        (Some(flags), is_flags_scalar)
    });

    match (values.data_type(), regex_array.data_type(), flags_array) {
        (Utf8, Utf8, None) => regexp_count_inner(
            &values.as_string::<i32>(),
            &regex_array.as_string::<i32>(),
            is_regex_scalar,
            start_array.map(|start| start.as_primitive::<Int64Type>()),
            is_start_scalar,
            None,
            is_flags_scalar,
        ),
        (Utf8, Utf8, Some(flags_array)) if *flags_array.data_type() == Utf8 => regexp_count_inner(
            &values.as_string::<i32>(),
            &regex_array.as_string::<i32>(),
            is_regex_scalar,
            start_array.map(|start| start.as_primitive::<Int64Type>()),
            is_start_scalar,
            Some(&flags_array.as_string::<i32>()),
            is_flags_scalar,
        ),
        (LargeUtf8, LargeUtf8, None) => regexp_count_inner(
            &values.as_string::<i64>(),
            &regex_array.as_string::<i64>(),
            is_regex_scalar,
            start_array.map(|start| start.as_primitive::<Int64Type>()),
            is_start_scalar,
            None,
            is_flags_scalar,
        ),
        (LargeUtf8, LargeUtf8, Some(flags_array)) if *flags_array.data_type() == LargeUtf8 => regexp_count_inner(
            &values.as_string::<i64>(),
            &regex_array.as_string::<i64>(),
            is_regex_scalar,
            start_array.map(|start| start.as_primitive::<Int64Type>()),
            is_start_scalar,
            Some(&flags_array.as_string::<i64>()),
            is_flags_scalar,
        ),
        (Utf8View, Utf8View, None) => regexp_count_inner(
            &values.as_string_view(),
            &regex_array.as_string_view(),
            is_regex_scalar,
            start_array.map(|start| start.as_primitive::<Int64Type>()),
            is_start_scalar,
            None,
            is_flags_scalar,
        ),
        (Utf8View, Utf8View, Some(flags_array)) if *flags_array.data_type() == Utf8View => regexp_count_inner(
            &values.as_string_view(),
            &regex_array.as_string_view(),
            is_regex_scalar,
            start_array.map(|start| start.as_primitive::<Int64Type>()),
            is_start_scalar,
            Some(&flags_array.as_string_view()),
            is_flags_scalar,
        ),
        _ => Err(ArrowError::ComputeError(
            "regexp_count() expected the input arrays to be of type Utf8, LargeUtf8, or Utf8View and the data types of the values, regex_array, and flags_array to match".to_string(),
        )),
    }
}

fn regexp_count_inner<'a, S>(
    values: &S,
    regex_array: &S,
    is_regex_scalar: bool,
    start_array: Option<&Int64Array>,
    is_start_scalar: bool,
    flags_array: Option<&S>,
    is_flags_scalar: bool,
) -> Result<ArrayRef, ArrowError>
where
    S: StringArrayType<'a>,
{
    // Treat single-element arrays as scalars, broadcast to every row. An
    // absent optional argument behaves like a scalar set to its default.
    let is_regex_scalar = is_regex_scalar || regex_array.len() == 1;
    let is_start_scalar =
        start_array.is_none_or(|array| is_start_scalar || array.len() == 1);
    let is_flags_scalar =
        flags_array.is_none_or(|array| is_flags_scalar || array.len() == 1);

    // A NULL in any scalar argument produces a NULL result for every row
    if (is_regex_scalar && regex_array.is_null(0))
        || (is_start_scalar && start_array.is_some_and(|array| array.is_null(0)))
        || (is_flags_scalar && flags_array.is_some_and(|array| array.is_null(0)))
    {
        return Ok(Arc::new(Int64Array::new_null(values.len())));
    }

    let regex_scalar = is_regex_scalar.then(|| regex_array.value(0));
    // An absent `start` defaults to 1
    let start_scalar =
        is_start_scalar.then(|| start_array.map_or(1, |array| array.value(0)));
    // A `flags_scalar` of None means no flags were supplied
    let flags_scalar = if is_flags_scalar {
        flags_array.map(|array| array.value(0))
    } else {
        None
    };

    let mut regex_cache = HashMap::new();

    match (regex_scalar, is_start_scalar, is_flags_scalar) {
        (Some(regex), true, true) => {
            let pattern = compile_regex(regex, flags_scalar)?;

            Ok(Arc::new(
                values
                    .iter()
                    .map(|value| count_matches(value, &pattern, start_scalar))
                    .collect::<Result<Int64Array, ArrowError>>()?,
            ))
        }
        (Some(regex), true, false) => {
            let flags_array = flags_array.unwrap();
            if values.len() != flags_array.len() {
                return Err(ArrowError::ComputeError(format!(
                    "flags_array must be the same length as values array; got {} and {}",
                    flags_array.len(),
                    values.len(),
                )));
            }

            Ok(Arc::new(
                values
                    .iter()
                    .zip(flags_array.iter())
                    .map(|(value, flags)| {
                        let Some(flags) = flags else {
                            return Ok(None);
                        };

                        let pattern = compile_and_cache_regex(
                            regex,
                            Some(flags),
                            &mut regex_cache,
                        )?;
                        count_matches(value, pattern, start_scalar)
                    })
                    .collect::<Result<Int64Array, ArrowError>>()?,
            ))
        }
        (Some(regex), false, true) => {
            let pattern = compile_regex(regex, flags_scalar)?;

            let start_array = start_array.unwrap();

            Ok(Arc::new(
                values
                    .iter()
                    .zip(start_array.iter())
                    .map(|(value, start)| count_matches(value, &pattern, start))
                    .collect::<Result<Int64Array, ArrowError>>()?,
            ))
        }
        (Some(regex), false, false) => {
            let flags_array = flags_array.unwrap();
            if values.len() != flags_array.len() {
                return Err(ArrowError::ComputeError(format!(
                    "flags_array must be the same length as values array; got {} and {}",
                    flags_array.len(),
                    values.len(),
                )));
            }

            Ok(Arc::new(
                izip!(
                    values.iter(),
                    start_array.unwrap().iter(),
                    flags_array.iter()
                )
                .map(|(value, start, flags)| {
                    let Some(flags) = flags else {
                        return Ok(None);
                    };

                    let pattern =
                        compile_and_cache_regex(regex, Some(flags), &mut regex_cache)?;

                    count_matches(value, pattern, start)
                })
                .collect::<Result<Int64Array, ArrowError>>()?,
            ))
        }
        (None, true, true) => {
            if values.len() != regex_array.len() {
                return Err(ArrowError::ComputeError(format!(
                    "regex_array must be the same length as values array; got {} and {}",
                    regex_array.len(),
                    values.len(),
                )));
            }

            Ok(Arc::new(
                values
                    .iter()
                    .zip(regex_array.iter())
                    .map(|(value, regex)| {
                        let Some(regex) = regex else {
                            return Ok(None);
                        };

                        let pattern = compile_and_cache_regex(
                            regex,
                            flags_scalar,
                            &mut regex_cache,
                        )?;
                        count_matches(value, pattern, start_scalar)
                    })
                    .collect::<Result<Int64Array, ArrowError>>()?,
            ))
        }
        (None, true, false) => {
            if values.len() != regex_array.len() {
                return Err(ArrowError::ComputeError(format!(
                    "regex_array must be the same length as values array; got {} and {}",
                    regex_array.len(),
                    values.len(),
                )));
            }

            let flags_array = flags_array.unwrap();
            if values.len() != flags_array.len() {
                return Err(ArrowError::ComputeError(format!(
                    "flags_array must be the same length as values array; got {} and {}",
                    flags_array.len(),
                    values.len(),
                )));
            }

            Ok(Arc::new(
                izip!(values.iter(), regex_array.iter(), flags_array.iter())
                    .map(|(value, regex, flags)| {
                        let (Some(regex), Some(flags)) = (regex, flags) else {
                            return Ok(None);
                        };

                        let pattern = compile_and_cache_regex(
                            regex,
                            Some(flags),
                            &mut regex_cache,
                        )?;

                        count_matches(value, pattern, start_scalar)
                    })
                    .collect::<Result<Int64Array, ArrowError>>()?,
            ))
        }
        (None, false, true) => {
            if values.len() != regex_array.len() {
                return Err(ArrowError::ComputeError(format!(
                    "regex_array must be the same length as values array; got {} and {}",
                    regex_array.len(),
                    values.len(),
                )));
            }

            let start_array = start_array.unwrap();
            if values.len() != start_array.len() {
                return Err(ArrowError::ComputeError(format!(
                    "start_array must be the same length as values array; got {} and {}",
                    start_array.len(),
                    values.len(),
                )));
            }

            Ok(Arc::new(
                izip!(values.iter(), regex_array.iter(), start_array.iter())
                    .map(|(value, regex, start)| {
                        let Some(regex) = regex else {
                            return Ok(None);
                        };

                        let pattern = compile_and_cache_regex(
                            regex,
                            flags_scalar,
                            &mut regex_cache,
                        )?;
                        count_matches(value, pattern, start)
                    })
                    .collect::<Result<Int64Array, ArrowError>>()?,
            ))
        }
        (None, false, false) => {
            if values.len() != regex_array.len() {
                return Err(ArrowError::ComputeError(format!(
                    "regex_array must be the same length as values array; got {} and {}",
                    regex_array.len(),
                    values.len(),
                )));
            }

            let start_array = start_array.unwrap();
            if values.len() != start_array.len() {
                return Err(ArrowError::ComputeError(format!(
                    "start_array must be the same length as values array; got {} and {}",
                    start_array.len(),
                    values.len(),
                )));
            }

            let flags_array = flags_array.unwrap();
            if values.len() != flags_array.len() {
                return Err(ArrowError::ComputeError(format!(
                    "flags_array must be the same length as values array; got {} and {}",
                    flags_array.len(),
                    values.len(),
                )));
            }

            Ok(Arc::new(
                izip!(
                    values.iter(),
                    regex_array.iter(),
                    start_array.iter(),
                    flags_array.iter()
                )
                .map(|(value, regex, start, flags)| {
                    let (Some(regex), Some(flags)) = (regex, flags) else {
                        return Ok(None);
                    };

                    let pattern =
                        compile_and_cache_regex(regex, Some(flags), &mut regex_cache)?;
                    count_matches(value, pattern, start)
                })
                .collect::<Result<Int64Array, ArrowError>>()?,
            ))
        }
    }
}

fn count_matches(
    value: Option<&str>,
    pattern: &Regex,
    start: Option<i64>,
) -> Result<Option<i64>, ArrowError> {
    // A NULL value or start position produces a NULL result.
    let (Some(value), Some(start)) = (value, start) else {
        return Ok(None);
    };

    if start < 1 {
        return Err(ArrowError::ComputeError(
            "regexp_count() requires start to be 1 based".to_string(),
        ));
    }

    let Some(byte_offset) = start_to_byte_offset(value, start) else {
        return Ok(Some(0));
    };
    let count = pattern.find_iter(&value[byte_offset..]).count();
    Ok(Some(count as i64))
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use arrow::array::{GenericStringArray, StringViewArray};
    use arrow::datatypes::Field;
    use datafusion_common::config::ConfigOptions;

    #[test]
    fn test_regexp_count() {
        test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_scalar();
        test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_empty_pattern_scalar();
        test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_scalar_start();
        test_case_insensitive_regexp_count_scalar_flags();
        test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_start_scalar_complex();

        test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_array::<GenericStringArray<i32>>();
        test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_array::<GenericStringArray<i64>>();
        test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_array::<StringViewArray>();

        test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_array_start::<GenericStringArray<i32>>();
        test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_array_start::<GenericStringArray<i64>>();
        test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_array_start::<StringViewArray>();

        test_case_insensitive_regexp_count_array_flags::<GenericStringArray<i32>>();
        test_case_insensitive_regexp_count_array_flags::<GenericStringArray<i64>>();
        test_case_insensitive_regexp_count_array_flags::<StringViewArray>();

        test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_array_complex::<GenericStringArray<i32>>();
        test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_array_complex::<GenericStringArray<i64>>();
        test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_array_complex::<StringViewArray>();

        test_case_regexp_count_cache_check::<GenericStringArray<i32>>();

        test_regexp_count_null_scalars();

        test_regexp_count_null_array_rows::<GenericStringArray<i32>>();
        test_regexp_count_null_array_rows::<GenericStringArray<i64>>();
        test_regexp_count_null_array_rows::<StringViewArray>();

        test_regexp_count_null_start_array::<GenericStringArray<i32>>();
        test_regexp_count_null_start_array::<GenericStringArray<i64>>();
        test_regexp_count_null_start_array::<StringViewArray>();

        test_regexp_count_null_flags_array::<GenericStringArray<i32>>();
        test_regexp_count_null_flags_array::<GenericStringArray<i64>>();
        test_regexp_count_null_flags_array::<StringViewArray>();

        test_regexp_count_null_scalar_regex_array_values::<GenericStringArray<i32>>();
        test_regexp_count_null_scalar_regex_array_values::<GenericStringArray<i64>>();
        test_regexp_count_null_scalar_regex_array_values::<StringViewArray>();
    }

    fn regexp_count_with_scalar_values(args: &[ScalarValue]) -> Result<ColumnarValue> {
        let args_values = args
            .iter()
            .map(|sv| ColumnarValue::Scalar(sv.clone()))
            .collect();

        let arg_fields = args
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
            .map(|(idx, a)| Field::new(format!("arg_{idx}"), a.data_type(), true).into())
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        RegexpCountFunc::new().invoke_with_args(ScalarFunctionArgs {
            args: args_values,
            arg_fields,
            number_rows: args.len(),
            return_field: Field::new("f", Int64, true).into(),
            config_options: Arc::new(ConfigOptions::default()),
        })
    }

    fn test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_scalar() {
        let values = ["", "aabca", "abcabc", "abcAbcab", "abcabcabc"];
        let regex = "abc";
        let expected: Vec<i64> = vec![0, 1, 2, 1, 3];

        values.iter().enumerate().for_each(|(pos, &v)| {
            // utf8
            let v_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(v.to_string()));
            let regex_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(regex.to_string()));
            let expected = expected.get(pos).cloned();
            let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[v_sv, regex_sv]);
            match re {
                Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                    assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                }
                _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
            }

            // largeutf8
            let v_sv = ScalarValue::LargeUtf8(Some(v.to_string()));
            let regex_sv = ScalarValue::LargeUtf8(Some(regex.to_string()));
            let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[v_sv, regex_sv]);
            match re {
                Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                    assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                }
                _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
            }

            // utf8view
            let v_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8View(Some(v.to_string()));
            let regex_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8View(Some(regex.to_string()));
            let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[v_sv, regex_sv]);
            match re {
                Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                    assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                }
                _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
            }
        });
    }

    fn test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_empty_pattern_scalar() {
        let values = ["", "abc", "abc"];
        let start_positions = [1, 1, 2];
        let expected: Vec<i64> = vec![1, 4, 3];

        values
            .iter()
            .zip(start_positions.iter())
            .enumerate()
            .for_each(|(pos, (&value, &start))| {
                let expected = expected.get(pos).cloned();
                let start_sv = ScalarValue::Int64(Some(start));

                let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[
                    ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(value.to_string())),
                    ScalarValue::Utf8(Some("".to_string())),
                    start_sv.clone(),
                ]);
                match re {
                    Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                        assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                    }
                    _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
                }

                let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[
                    ScalarValue::LargeUtf8(Some(value.to_string())),
                    ScalarValue::LargeUtf8(Some("".to_string())),
                    start_sv.clone(),
                ]);
                match re {
                    Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                        assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                    }
                    _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
                }

                let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[
                    ScalarValue::Utf8View(Some(value.to_string())),
                    ScalarValue::Utf8View(Some("".to_string())),
                    start_sv,
                ]);
                match re {
                    Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                        assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                    }
                    _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
                }
            });
    }

    fn test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_scalar_start() {
        let values = ["", "aabca", "abcabc", "abcAbcab", "abcabcabc"];
        let regex = "abc";
        let start = 2;
        let expected: Vec<i64> = vec![0, 1, 1, 0, 2];

        values.iter().enumerate().for_each(|(pos, &v)| {
            // utf8
            let v_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(v.to_string()));
            let regex_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(regex.to_string()));
            let start_sv = ScalarValue::Int64(Some(start));
            let expected = expected.get(pos).cloned();
            let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[v_sv, regex_sv, start_sv.clone()]);
            match re {
                Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                    assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                }
                _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
            }

            // largeutf8
            let v_sv = ScalarValue::LargeUtf8(Some(v.to_string()));
            let regex_sv = ScalarValue::LargeUtf8(Some(regex.to_string()));
            let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[v_sv, regex_sv, start_sv.clone()]);
            match re {
                Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                    assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                }
                _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
            }

            // utf8view
            let v_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8View(Some(v.to_string()));
            let regex_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8View(Some(regex.to_string()));
            let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[v_sv, regex_sv, start_sv.clone()]);
            match re {
                Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                    assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                }
                _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
            }
        });
    }

    fn test_case_insensitive_regexp_count_scalar_flags() {
        let values = ["", "aabca", "abcabc", "abcAbcab", "abcabcabc"];
        let regex = "abc";
        let start = 1;
        let flags = "i";
        let expected: Vec<i64> = vec![0, 1, 2, 2, 3];

        values.iter().enumerate().for_each(|(pos, &v)| {
            // utf8
            let v_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(v.to_string()));
            let regex_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(regex.to_string()));
            let start_sv = ScalarValue::Int64(Some(start));
            let flags_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(flags.to_string()));
            let expected = expected.get(pos).cloned();

            let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[
                v_sv,
                regex_sv,
                start_sv.clone(),
                flags_sv.clone(),
            ]);
            match re {
                Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                    assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                }
                _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
            }

            // largeutf8
            let v_sv = ScalarValue::LargeUtf8(Some(v.to_string()));
            let regex_sv = ScalarValue::LargeUtf8(Some(regex.to_string()));
            let flags_sv = ScalarValue::LargeUtf8(Some(flags.to_string()));

            let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[
                v_sv,
                regex_sv,
                start_sv.clone(),
                flags_sv.clone(),
            ]);
            match re {
                Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                    assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                }
                _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
            }

            // utf8view
            let v_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8View(Some(v.to_string()));
            let regex_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8View(Some(regex.to_string()));
            let flags_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8View(Some(flags.to_string()));

            let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[
                v_sv,
                regex_sv,
                start_sv.clone(),
                flags_sv.clone(),
            ]);
            match re {
                Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                    assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                }
                _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
            }
        });
    }

    fn test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_array<A>()
    where
        A: From<Vec<&'static str>> + Array + 'static,
    {
        let values = A::from(vec!["", "aabca", "abcabc", "abcAbcab", "abcabcAbc"]);
        let regex = A::from(vec!["", "abc", "a", "bc", "ab"]);

        let expected = Int64Array::from(vec![1, 1, 2, 2, 2]);

        let re = regexp_count_func(&[Arc::new(values), Arc::new(regex)]).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(re.as_ref(), &expected);
    }

    fn test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_array_start<A>()
    where
        A: From<Vec<&'static str>> + Array + 'static,
    {
        let values = A::from(vec!["", "aAbca", "abcabc", "abcAbcab", "abcabcAbc"]);
        let regex = A::from(vec!["", "abc", "a", "bc", "ab"]);
        let start = Int64Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

        let expected = Int64Array::from(vec![1, 0, 1, 1, 0]);

        let re = regexp_count_func(&[Arc::new(values), Arc::new(regex), Arc::new(start)])
            .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(re.as_ref(), &expected);
    }

    fn test_case_insensitive_regexp_count_array_flags<A>()
    where
        A: From<Vec<&'static str>> + Array + 'static,
    {
        let values = A::from(vec!["", "aAbca", "abcabc", "abcAbcab", "abcabcAbc"]);
        let regex = A::from(vec!["", "abc", "a", "bc", "ab"]);
        let start = Int64Array::from(vec![1]);
        let flags = A::from(vec!["", "i", "", "", "i"]);

        let expected = Int64Array::from(vec![1, 1, 2, 2, 3]);

        let re = regexp_count_func(&[
            Arc::new(values),
            Arc::new(regex),
            Arc::new(start),
            Arc::new(flags),
        ])
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(re.as_ref(), &expected);
    }

    fn test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_start_scalar_complex() {
        let values = ["", "aabca", "abcabc", "abcAbcab", "abcabcabc"];
        let regex = ["", "abc", "a", "bc", "ab"];
        let start = 5;
        let flags = ["", "i", "", "", "i"];
        let expected: Vec<i64> = vec![0, 0, 0, 1, 1];

        values.iter().enumerate().for_each(|(pos, &v)| {
            // utf8
            let v_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8(Some(v.to_string()));
            let regex_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8(regex.get(pos).map(|s| (*s).to_string()));
            let start_sv = ScalarValue::Int64(Some(start));
            let flags_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8(flags.get(pos).map(|f| (*f).to_string()));
            let expected = expected.get(pos).cloned();
            let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[
                v_sv,
                regex_sv,
                start_sv.clone(),
                flags_sv.clone(),
            ]);
            match re {
                Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                    assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                }
                _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
            }

            // largeutf8
            let v_sv = ScalarValue::LargeUtf8(Some(v.to_string()));
            let regex_sv =
                ScalarValue::LargeUtf8(regex.get(pos).map(|s| (*s).to_string()));
            let flags_sv =
                ScalarValue::LargeUtf8(flags.get(pos).map(|f| (*f).to_string()));
            let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[
                v_sv,
                regex_sv,
                start_sv.clone(),
                flags_sv.clone(),
            ]);
            match re {
                Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                    assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                }
                _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
            }

            // utf8view
            let v_sv = ScalarValue::Utf8View(Some(v.to_string()));
            let regex_sv =
                ScalarValue::Utf8View(regex.get(pos).map(|s| (*s).to_string()));
            let flags_sv =
                ScalarValue::Utf8View(flags.get(pos).map(|f| (*f).to_string()));
            let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&[
                v_sv,
                regex_sv,
                start_sv.clone(),
                flags_sv.clone(),
            ]);
            match re {
                Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                    assert_eq!(v, expected, "regexp_count scalar test failed");
                }
                _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
            }
        });
    }

    fn test_case_sensitive_regexp_count_array_complex<A>()
    where
        A: From<Vec<&'static str>> + Array + 'static,
    {
        let values = A::from(vec!["", "aAbca", "abcabc", "abcAbcab", "abcabcAbc"]);
        let regex = A::from(vec!["", "abc", "a", "bc", "ab"]);
        let start = Int64Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
        let flags = A::from(vec!["", "i", "", "", "i"]);

        let expected = Int64Array::from(vec![1, 1, 1, 1, 1]);

        let re = regexp_count_func(&[
            Arc::new(values),
            Arc::new(regex),
            Arc::new(start),
            Arc::new(flags),
        ])
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(re.as_ref(), &expected);
    }

    fn test_regexp_count_null_scalars() {
        // A NULL in any scalar argument produces a NULL result.
        let cases: Vec<Vec<ScalarValue>> = vec![
            vec![ScalarValue::Utf8(None), ScalarValue::Utf8(None)],
            vec![
                ScalarValue::Utf8(None),
                ScalarValue::Utf8(Some("abc".to_string())),
                ScalarValue::Int64(Some(1)),
                ScalarValue::Utf8(Some("i".to_string())),
            ],
            vec![
                ScalarValue::Utf8(Some("abc".to_string())),
                ScalarValue::Utf8(None),
                ScalarValue::Int64(Some(1)),
                ScalarValue::Utf8(Some("i".to_string())),
            ],
            vec![
                ScalarValue::Utf8(Some("abc".to_string())),
                ScalarValue::Utf8(Some("abc".to_string())),
                ScalarValue::Int64(None),
                ScalarValue::Utf8(Some("i".to_string())),
            ],
            vec![
                ScalarValue::Utf8(Some("abc".to_string())),
                ScalarValue::Utf8(Some("abc".to_string())),
                ScalarValue::Int64(Some(1)),
                ScalarValue::Utf8(None),
            ],
        ];

        for args in cases {
            let re = regexp_count_with_scalar_values(&args);
            match re {
                Ok(ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(v))) => {
                    assert_eq!(v, None, "regexp_count null scalar test failed");
                }
                _ => panic!("Unexpected result"),
            }
        }
    }

    fn test_regexp_count_null_array_rows<A>()
    where
        A: From<Vec<Option<&'static str>>> + Array + 'static,
    {
        let values = A::from(vec![
            None,
            Some("abc"),
            Some("abc"),
            Some("abc"),
            Some("abc"),
        ]);
        let regex = A::from(vec![
            Some("abc"),
            None,
            Some("abc"),
            Some("abc"),
            Some("abc"),
        ]);
        let start = Int64Array::from(vec![Some(1), Some(1), None, Some(1), Some(1)]);
        let flags = A::from(vec![Some("i"), Some("i"), Some("i"), None, Some("i")]);

        let expected = Int64Array::from(vec![None, None, None, None, Some(1)]);

        let re = regexp_count_func(&[
            Arc::new(values),
            Arc::new(regex),
            Arc::new(start),
            Arc::new(flags),
        ])
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(re.as_ref(), &expected);
    }

    fn test_regexp_count_null_start_array<A>()
    where
        A: From<Vec<&'static str>> + Array + 'static,
    {
        let values = A::from(vec!["abc", "abcb"]);
        let regex = A::from(vec!["b"]);
        let start = Int64Array::from(vec![Some(1), None]);

        let expected = Int64Array::from(vec![Some(1), None]);

        let re = regexp_count_func(&[Arc::new(values), Arc::new(regex), Arc::new(start)])
            .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(re.as_ref(), &expected);
    }

    fn test_regexp_count_null_flags_array<A>()
    where
        A: From<Vec<&'static str>> + From<Vec<Option<&'static str>>> + Array + 'static,
    {
        let values: A = vec!["aB", "aB"].into();
        let regex: A = vec!["b"].into();
        let start = Int64Array::from(vec![1]);
        let flags: A = vec![None, Some("i")].into();

        let expected = Int64Array::from(vec![None, Some(1)]);

        let re = regexp_count_func(&[
            Arc::new(values),
            Arc::new(regex),
            Arc::new(start),
            Arc::new(flags),
        ])
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(re.as_ref(), &expected);
    }

    fn test_regexp_count_null_scalar_regex_array_values<A>()
    where
        A: From<Vec<&'static str>> + From<Vec<Option<&'static str>>> + Array + 'static,
    {
        let values: A = vec!["abc", "abcabc"].into();
        let regex: A = vec![Option::<&str>::None].into();

        let expected = Int64Array::from(vec![None::<i64>, None]);

        let re = regexp_count_func(&[Arc::new(values), Arc::new(regex)]).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(re.as_ref(), &expected);
    }

    fn test_case_regexp_count_cache_check<A>()
    where
        A: From<Vec<&'static str>> + Array + 'static,
    {
        let values = A::from(vec!["aaa", "Aaa", "aaa"]);
        let regex = A::from(vec!["aaa", "aaa", "aaa"]);
        let start = Int64Array::from(vec![1, 1, 1]);
        let flags = A::from(vec!["", "i", ""]);

        let expected = Int64Array::from(vec![1, 1, 1]);

        let re = regexp_count_func(&[
            Arc::new(values),
            Arc::new(regex),
            Arc::new(start),
            Arc::new(flags),
        ])
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(re.as_ref(), &expected);
    }
}