darkly 0.5.0

A GPU-native paint engine on wgpu: brushes, layers, blend modes, masks, selections, and undo.
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
//! Integration tests for Duplicate / Merge Down / Flatten Image.
//!
//! Run with: `cargo test -p darkly --test layer_bake -- --test-threads=1`

use darkly::engine::types::StrokeOp;
use darkly::engine::DarklyEngine;
use darkly::gpu::context::GpuContext;
use darkly::gpu::test_utils::test_device;
use darkly::layer::LayerId;

fn test_engine(width: u32, height: u32) -> DarklyEngine {
    let (device, queue) = test_device();
    let gpu = GpuContext::new_headless(device, queue);
    DarklyEngine::new(gpu, width, height)
}

/// Paint a solid coloured stamp at canvas centre. Used to give layers
/// distinguishable pixel content before merge/flatten.
fn paint_dot(engine: &mut DarklyEngine, layer_id: LayerId, x: f32, y: f32, color: [f32; 3]) {
    engine.begin_stroke(layer_id);
    engine.stroke_to(StrokeOp::BrushStroke {
        x,
        y,
        pressure: 1.0,
        x_tilt: 0.0,
        y_tilt: 0.0,
        rotation: 0.0,
        tangential_pressure: 0.0,
        time_ms: 0.0,
        cr: color[0],
        cg: color[1],
        cb: color[2],
        ca: 1.0,
    });
    engine.end_stroke();
    engine.render(0.0);
}

fn alpha_at(pixels: &[u8], w: u32, x: u32, y: u32) -> u8 {
    pixels[((y * w + x) * 4 + 3) as usize]
}

/// Paint a black dab onto a host's mask filter — R8 value drops toward 0
/// where the brush lands, leaving the rest of the mask at its prior value
/// (255 for a freshly-added, all-reveal mask).
fn paint_mask_dot(engine: &mut DarklyEngine, host_id: LayerId, x: f32, y: f32) {
    let mask_id = engine
        .host_mask_id(host_id)
        .expect("paint_mask_dot requires the host to have a mask filter");
    engine.begin_stroke(mask_id);
    engine.stroke_to(StrokeOp::BrushStroke {
        x,
        y,
        pressure: 1.0,
        x_tilt: 0.0,
        y_tilt: 0.0,
        rotation: 0.0,
        tangential_pressure: 0.0,
        time_ms: 0.0,
        cr: 0.0,
        cg: 0.0,
        cb: 0.0,
        ca: 1.0,
    });
    engine.end_stroke();
    engine.render(0.0);
}

/// True iff `group_id` appears as a direct child of the document root in
/// the engine's published layer tree. Lets group-presence be checked from
/// integration tests without leaking `pub(crate)` doc internals.
fn group_at_root(engine: &DarklyEngine, group_id: LayerId) -> bool {
    use darkly::engine::LayerInfo;
    let target = group_id.to_ffi() as f64;
    engine
        .layer_tree()
        .iter()
        .any(|info| matches!(info, LayerInfo::Group { id, .. } if *id == target))
}

// ============================================================================
// Duplicate
// ============================================================================

#[test]
fn duplicate_raster_copies_pixels() {
    let (w, h) = (128, 128);
    let mut engine = test_engine(w, h);
    let layer_a = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, layer_a, 64.0, 64.0, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);

    let layer_b = engine
        .duplicate_node(layer_a)
        .expect("duplicate returns id");
    assert_ne!(layer_a, layer_b, "duplicate must mint a fresh id");

    let pixels_a = engine.test_readback_layer(layer_a);
    let pixels_b = engine.test_readback_layer(layer_b);
    assert_eq!(
        pixels_a, pixels_b,
        "duplicate layer pixels must match source byte-for-byte"
    );
}

#[test]
fn duplicate_undo_removes_then_redo_restores() {
    let (w, h) = (96, 96);
    let mut engine = test_engine(w, h);
    let layer_a = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, layer_a, 48.0, 48.0, [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]);

    let layer_b = engine.duplicate_node(layer_a).expect("duplicate succeeded");
    assert!(engine.has_layer(layer_b), "dup attached after creation");

    engine.undo();
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(layer_b), "dup detached after undo");
    assert!(engine.has_layer(layer_a), "source untouched by undo");

    engine.redo();
    assert!(engine.has_layer(layer_b), "dup reattached after redo");

    // After redo the dup's texture should still match the source.
    let pixels_a = engine.test_readback_layer(layer_a);
    let pixels_b = engine.test_readback_layer(layer_b);
    assert_eq!(pixels_a, pixels_b, "redo restores dup pixels");
}

// ============================================================================
// Merge Down
// ============================================================================

#[test]
fn merge_down_baked_result_combines_two_layers() {
    // Two layers each with a different-colour dot. Merging should leave a
    // single raster with both dots present.
    let (w, h) = (128, 128);
    let mut engine = test_engine(w, h);
    let lower = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, lower, 32.0, 64.0, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]); // red dot on lower
    let upper = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, upper, 96.0, 64.0, [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]); // blue dot on upper

    // Active = upper; merge down folds upper + lower into one raster.
    let result = engine.merge_down(upper).expect("merge_down should succeed");
    assert_ne!(result, lower);
    assert_ne!(result, upper);
    assert!(engine.has_layer(result));
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(lower), "lower consumed by merge");
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(upper), "upper consumed by merge");

    // Both dots should be visible in the result.
    let pixels = engine.test_readback_layer(result);
    assert!(
        alpha_at(&pixels, w, 32, 64) > 0,
        "left dot from lower should be in the result"
    );
    assert!(
        alpha_at(&pixels, w, 96, 64) > 0,
        "right dot from upper should be in the result"
    );
}

#[test]
fn merge_down_fails_on_bottom_layer() {
    let (w, h) = (64, 64);
    let mut engine = test_engine(w, h);
    let only = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    let result = engine.merge_down(only);
    assert!(result.is_err(), "no sibling below → must error");
}

#[test]
fn merge_down_undo_restores_both_sources() {
    let (w, h) = (96, 96);
    let mut engine = test_engine(w, h);
    let lower = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, lower, 32.0, 48.0, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
    let upper = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, upper, 64.0, 48.0, [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]);

    let result = engine.merge_down(upper).expect("merge succeeded");

    engine.undo();
    assert!(engine.has_layer(lower), "lower restored");
    assert!(engine.has_layer(upper), "upper restored");
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(result), "result detached on undo");

    // Source pixels must be intact — tombstoning kept textures alive.
    let lower_px = engine.test_readback_layer(lower);
    assert!(
        alpha_at(&lower_px, w, 32, 48) > 0,
        "lower's pixels survive undo"
    );
    let upper_px = engine.test_readback_layer(upper);
    assert!(
        alpha_at(&upper_px, w, 64, 48) > 0,
        "upper's pixels survive undo"
    );
}

// ============================================================================
// Flatten Image
// ============================================================================

#[test]
fn flatten_image_combines_all_visible_layers() {
    let (w, h) = (128, 128);
    let mut engine = test_engine(w, h);
    let a = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, a, 32.0, 64.0, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
    let b = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, b, 64.0, 64.0, [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]);
    let c = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, c, 96.0, 64.0, [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]);

    let result = engine.flatten_image().expect("flatten succeeded");
    assert!(engine.has_layer(result));
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(a));
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(b));
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(c));

    let pixels = engine.test_readback_layer(result);
    assert!(alpha_at(&pixels, w, 32, 64) > 0, "a's dot in flattened");
    assert!(alpha_at(&pixels, w, 64, 64) > 0, "b's dot in flattened");
    assert!(alpha_at(&pixels, w, 96, 64) > 0, "c's dot in flattened");
}

#[test]
fn flatten_undo_restores_original_tree() {
    let (w, h) = (64, 64);
    let mut engine = test_engine(w, h);
    let a = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, a, 16.0, 32.0, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
    let b = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, b, 48.0, 32.0, [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]);

    let result = engine.flatten_image().expect("flatten succeeded");

    engine.undo();
    assert!(engine.has_layer(a), "a restored");
    assert!(engine.has_layer(b), "b restored");
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(result), "result detached");

    // Source pixels intact.
    let a_px = engine.test_readback_layer(a);
    let b_px = engine.test_readback_layer(b);
    assert!(alpha_at(&a_px, w, 16, 32) > 0, "a pixels intact post-undo");
    assert!(alpha_at(&b_px, w, 48, 32) > 0, "b pixels intact post-undo");
}

// ============================================================================
// Thumbnail auto-queue regression
// ============================================================================
//
// Protects the "every write-site marks its node thumbnail-dirty" invariant
// (see `Compositor::mark_node_pixels_dirty` docs). Without that, a fresh
// duplicate appears in the panel as a thumbnail-less row until the user
// makes their first edit — the original bug this refactor was written to
// kill, recurring "the fourth or fifth time" in the codebase's history.

#[test]
fn duplicate_marks_new_layer_thumbnail_dirty() {
    let (w, h) = (64, 64);
    let mut engine = test_engine(w, h);
    let layer_a = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, layer_a, 32.0, 32.0, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
    engine.render(0.0);
    engine.test_flush_readbacks(); // Settle any startup readbacks.

    let layer_b = engine.duplicate_node(layer_a).expect("duplicate");

    // `render` drains the dirty set into a readback request; the flush
    // forces the async readback to land in `thumbnail_cache` deterministically.
    engine.render(0.016);
    engine.test_flush_readbacks();

    let bytes = engine
        .test_thumbnail_cache_peek(layer_b)
        .expect("duplicate must have queued a thumbnail readback automatically");
    assert!(
        bytes.iter().any(|&v| v != 0),
        "duplicated layer's thumbnail must contain non-zero pixels without a manual edit"
    );
}

// ============================================================================
// Flatten Node (per-layer / per-group)
// ============================================================================

#[test]
fn flatten_node_fails_on_layer_without_mask() {
    let (_, _) = (64u32, 64u32);
    let mut engine = test_engine(64, 64);
    let layer = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    // No mask attached → flatten_node should error.
    assert!(engine.flatten_node(layer).is_err());
}

#[test]
fn flatten_node_on_layer_with_mask_applies_it() {
    // Sanity: after flatten_node, the layer no longer has a mask filter.
    let mut engine = test_engine(64, 64);
    let layer = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, layer, 32.0, 32.0, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
    engine.add_mask(layer);
    assert!(engine.flatten_node(layer).is_ok());
    assert!(
        engine.host_mask_id(layer).is_none(),
        "mask removed after flatten"
    );
}

#[test]
fn flatten_node_on_group_produces_raster_at_groups_slot() {
    // Group with two children → flatten produces a single raster occupying
    // the group's tree position.
    let (w, h) = (64, 64);
    let mut engine = test_engine(w, h);
    let group = engine.add_group(None);
    let child_a = engine.add_raster_layer(Some(group));
    paint_dot(&mut engine, child_a, 16.0, 32.0, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
    let child_b = engine.add_raster_layer(Some(group));
    paint_dot(&mut engine, child_b, 48.0, 32.0, [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]);

    let result = engine.flatten_node(group).expect("group flatten succeeded");
    assert_ne!(result, group);
    assert!(engine.has_layer(result));
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(group), "group consumed");

    let pixels = engine.test_readback_layer(result);
    assert!(alpha_at(&pixels, w, 16, 32) > 0, "child_a's dot present");
    assert!(alpha_at(&pixels, w, 48, 32) > 0, "child_b's dot present");
}

#[test]
fn flatten_group_with_masks_undo_restores_tree_and_pixels() {
    // Tree under test:
    //   Group (with mask, dab at 8,8)
    //     ├─ child_a (with mask, dab at 16,16; red dot at 16,32)
    //     └─ child_b (green dot at 48,32)
    //
    // Flattening the group must consume every child and every mask. Undo
    // must put all of it back — tree shape, both masks, and every pixel
    // byte-for-byte.
    let (w, h) = (64u32, 64u32);
    let mut engine = test_engine(w, h);

    let group = engine.add_group(None);
    let child_a = engine.add_raster_layer(Some(group));
    paint_dot(&mut engine, child_a, 16.0, 32.0, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
    engine.add_mask(child_a);
    paint_mask_dot(&mut engine, child_a, 16.0, 16.0);

    let child_b = engine.add_raster_layer(Some(group));
    paint_dot(&mut engine, child_b, 48.0, 32.0, [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]);

    engine.add_mask(group);
    paint_mask_dot(&mut engine, group, 8.0, 8.0);

    // Snapshot every pixel buffer we expect to survive the round-trip.
    let child_a_pixels_before = engine.test_readback_layer(child_a);
    let child_b_pixels_before = engine.test_readback_layer(child_b);
    let child_a_mask_before = engine.test_readback_mask(child_a);
    let group_mask_before = engine.test_readback_mask(group);

    // --- Forward ---
    let result = engine.flatten_node(group).expect("group flatten succeeded");
    assert!(engine.has_layer(result), "result raster attached");
    assert!(!group_at_root(&engine, group), "group consumed by flatten");
    // Result composite must reflect both children — proof the bake actually
    // walked the subtree, rather than emitting an empty placeholder.
    let result_pixels = engine.test_readback_layer(result);
    assert!(
        alpha_at(&result_pixels, w, 16, 32) > 0,
        "child_a's dot baked into result"
    );
    assert!(
        alpha_at(&result_pixels, w, 48, 32) > 0,
        "child_b's dot baked into result"
    );

    // --- Undo ---
    engine.undo();

    // Tree shape: group is back at root, both children attached under it,
    // result raster gone, both masks reattached.
    assert!(group_at_root(&engine, group), "group reattached at root");
    assert!(engine.has_layer(child_a), "child_a reattached");
    assert!(engine.has_layer(child_b), "child_b reattached");
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(result), "result detached on undo");
    assert!(
        engine.host_mask_id(group).is_some(),
        "group's mask restored"
    );
    assert!(
        engine.host_mask_id(child_a).is_some(),
        "child_a's mask restored"
    );

    // Pixel content: every snapshot matches byte-for-byte.
    assert_eq!(
        engine.test_readback_layer(child_a),
        child_a_pixels_before,
        "child_a layer pixels survive flatten+undo byte-for-byte"
    );
    assert_eq!(
        engine.test_readback_layer(child_b),
        child_b_pixels_before,
        "child_b layer pixels survive flatten+undo byte-for-byte"
    );
    assert_eq!(
        engine.test_readback_mask(child_a),
        child_a_mask_before,
        "child_a mask pixels survive flatten+undo byte-for-byte"
    );
    assert_eq!(
        engine.test_readback_mask(group),
        group_mask_before,
        "group mask pixels survive flatten+undo byte-for-byte"
    );
}

// ============================================================================
// merge_layers — multi-source bake, same-parent and cross-parent
// ============================================================================

/// Merging a same-parent selection lands the result at the panel-topmost
/// selected sibling's slot and inherits that sibling's name / blend /
/// opacity / visibility.
#[test]
fn merge_layers_same_parent_inherits_topmost_props() {
    use darkly::engine::types::LayerInfo;
    let mut engine = test_engine(32, 32);
    let _keep = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    let lower = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    let upper = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    // Rename the topmost so we can confirm the result inherits its name.
    engine.set_layer_name(upper, "topmost");
    engine.set_opacity(upper, 0.5);

    paint_dot(&mut engine, lower, 8.0, 8.0, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, upper, 16.0, 16.0, [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]);

    let result = engine.merge_layers(vec![lower, upper]).expect("merge ok");

    // Source layers should be detached from the tree.
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(lower));
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(upper));
    assert!(engine.has_layer(result));

    // Result inherits the topmost's name + opacity.
    let info = engine
        .layer_tree()
        .into_iter()
        .find(|n| match n {
            LayerInfo::Raster { id, .. } => *id == result.to_ffi() as f64,
            _ => false,
        })
        .expect("result in tree");
    let (name, opacity) = match info {
        LayerInfo::Raster { name, opacity, .. } => (name, opacity),
        _ => panic!(),
    };
    assert_eq!(name, "topmost");
    assert!((opacity - 0.5).abs() < 1e-3, "opacity inherited: {opacity}");
}

/// A cross-parent selection (one layer at root, one inside a group)
/// merges successfully: result lands at the topmost selected layer's
/// slot, and all sources are detached.
#[test]
fn merge_layers_cross_parent_lands_at_topmost() {
    use darkly::document::MoveTarget;
    use darkly::engine::types::LayerInfo;
    let mut engine = test_engine(32, 32);
    let _keep = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    // Build [keep, in_group_via_group, group(inner), root_top].
    let group = engine.add_group(None);
    let inner = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    engine.move_layer(inner, MoveTarget::IntoGroupTop(group));
    let root_top = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    engine.set_layer_name(root_top, "expected-topmost");

    paint_dot(&mut engine, inner, 8.0, 8.0, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, root_top, 16.0, 16.0, [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]);

    let result = engine
        .merge_layers(vec![inner, root_top])
        .expect("cross-parent merge ok");

    assert!(!engine.has_layer(inner), "inner source detached");
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(root_top), "root_top source detached");
    assert!(engine.has_layer(result));

    // Result inherits root_top's name (root_top is the panel-topmost of
    // the selection: it's the LAST entry of all_node_ids_in_order that
    // matches an id in the selection).
    let info = engine
        .layer_tree()
        .into_iter()
        .find(|n| match n {
            LayerInfo::Raster { id, .. } => *id == result.to_ffi() as f64,
            _ => false,
        })
        .expect("result in tree");
    let name = match info {
        LayerInfo::Raster { name, .. } => name,
        _ => panic!(),
    };
    assert_eq!(name, "expected-topmost");
}

/// A single undo step restores all merged sources, even when they
/// straddle different parent groups.
#[test]
fn merge_layers_undo_restores_all_sources() {
    use darkly::document::MoveTarget;
    let mut engine = test_engine(32, 32);
    let _keep = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    let group = engine.add_group(None);
    let inner = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    engine.move_layer(inner, MoveTarget::IntoGroupTop(group));
    let root_top = engine.add_raster_layer(None);

    paint_dot(&mut engine, inner, 8.0, 8.0, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
    paint_dot(&mut engine, root_top, 16.0, 16.0, [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]);

    let inner_before = engine.test_readback_layer(inner);
    let root_top_before = engine.test_readback_layer(root_top);

    let result = engine
        .merge_layers(vec![inner, root_top])
        .expect("merge ok");
    assert!(engine.has_layer(result));
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(inner));
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(root_top));

    engine.undo();
    engine.render(0.0);

    assert!(engine.has_layer(inner), "inner source restored");
    assert!(engine.has_layer(root_top), "root_top source restored");
    assert!(!engine.has_layer(result), "result removed by undo");
    assert_eq!(
        engine.test_readback_layer(inner),
        inner_before,
        "inner pixels restored byte-for-byte"
    );
    assert_eq!(
        engine.test_readback_layer(root_top),
        root_top_before,
        "root_top pixels restored byte-for-byte"
    );
}

/// `merge_layers` aborts if any source is locked — a partial bake
/// would destroy the user's data.
#[test]
fn merge_layers_rejects_locked() {
    let mut engine = test_engine(32, 32);
    let _keep = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    let l1 = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    let l2 = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    engine.set_node_locked(l1, true);

    let result = engine.merge_layers(vec![l1, l2]);
    assert!(result.is_err(), "locked source must reject the merge");
    assert!(engine.has_layer(l1));
    assert!(engine.has_layer(l2));
}

/// `merge_layers` needs at least two distinct sources.
#[test]
fn merge_layers_needs_two_sources() {
    let mut engine = test_engine(32, 32);
    let _keep = engine.add_raster_layer(None);
    let l1 = engine.add_raster_layer(None);

    let r1 = engine.merge_layers(vec![l1]);
    assert!(r1.is_err(), "single-id merge must error");

    let r2 = engine.merge_layers(vec![l1, l1]);
    assert!(r2.is_err(), "duplicate-id merge must error (dedupes to 1)");
}