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use crate::float_types::Real;
use crate::mesh::Mesh;
use crate::mesh::polygon::Polygon;
use crate::mesh::vertex::Vertex;
use crate::sketch::Sketch;
use geo::CoordsIter;
use nalgebra::{Point3, Vector3};
use std::fmt::Debug;
#[cfg(any(feature = "stl-io", feature = "dxf-io"))]
use core2::io::Cursor;
#[cfg(feature = "stl-io")]
use stl_io;
impl<S: Clone + Debug + Send + Sync> Mesh<S> {
/// Export to ASCII STL
/// Convert this Mesh to an **ASCII STL** string with the given `name`.
///
/// ```rust
/// # use csgrs::mesh::Mesh;
/// # use std::error::Error;
/// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
/// let mesh = Mesh::<()>::cube(1.0, None);
/// let bytes = mesh.to_stl_ascii("my_solid");
/// std::fs::write("stl/my_solid.stl", bytes)?;
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
pub fn to_stl_ascii(&self, name: &str) -> String {
let mut out = String::new();
out.push_str(&format!("solid {name}\n"));
// Write out all *3D* polygons
for poly in &self.polygons {
// Ensure the polygon is tessellated, since STL is triangle-based.
let triangles = poly.triangulate();
// A typical STL uses the face normal; we can take the polygon's plane normal:
let normal = poly.plane.normal().normalize();
for tri in triangles {
out.push_str(&format!(
" facet normal {:.6} {:.6} {:.6}\n",
normal.x, normal.y, normal.z
));
out.push_str(" outer loop\n");
for vertex in &tri {
out.push_str(&format!(
" vertex {:.6} {:.6} {:.6}\n",
vertex.pos.x, vertex.pos.y, vertex.pos.z
));
}
out.push_str(" endloop\n");
out.push_str(" endfacet\n");
}
}
out.push_str(&format!("endsolid {name}\n"));
out
}
/// Export to BINARY STL (returns `Vec<u8>`)
///
/// Convert this Mesh to a **binary STL** byte vector with the given `name`.
///
/// The resulting `Vec<u8>` can then be written to a file or handled in memory:
///
/// ```rust
/// # use csgrs::mesh::Mesh;
/// # use std::error::Error;
/// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
/// let object = Mesh::<()>::cube(1.0, None);
/// let bytes = object.to_stl_binary("my_solid")?;
/// std::fs::write("stl/my_solid.stl", bytes)?;
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[cfg(feature = "stl-io")]
pub fn to_stl_binary(&self, _name: &str) -> std::io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
use core2::io::Cursor;
use stl_io::{Normal, Triangle, Vertex, write_stl};
let mut triangles = Vec::new();
// Triangulate all 3D polygons in self.polygons
for poly in &self.polygons {
let normal = poly.plane.normal().normalize();
// Convert polygon to triangles
let tri_list = poly.triangulate();
#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
for tri in tri_list {
triangles.push(Triangle {
normal: Normal::new([normal.x as f32, normal.y as f32, normal.z as f32]),
vertices: [
Vertex::new([
tri[0].pos.x as f32,
tri[0].pos.y as f32,
tri[0].pos.z as f32,
]),
Vertex::new([
tri[1].pos.x as f32,
tri[1].pos.y as f32,
tri[1].pos.z as f32,
]),
Vertex::new([
tri[2].pos.x as f32,
tri[2].pos.y as f32,
tri[2].pos.z as f32,
]),
],
});
}
}
// Encode into a binary STL buffer
let mut cursor = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
write_stl(&mut cursor, triangles.iter())?;
Ok(cursor.into_inner())
}
/// Create a Mesh object from STL data using 'stl_io'.
#[cfg(feature = "stl-io")]
pub fn from_stl(stl_data: &[u8], metadata: Option<S>) -> Result<Mesh<S>, std::io::Error> {
// Create an in-memory cursor from the STL data
let mut cursor = Cursor::new(stl_data);
// Create an STL reader from the cursor
let stl_reader = stl_io::create_stl_reader(&mut cursor)?;
let mut polygons = Vec::new();
for tri_result in stl_reader {
// Handle potential errors from the STL reader
let tri = tri_result?;
// Construct vertices and a polygon
let vertices = vec![
Vertex::new(
Point3::new(
tri.vertices[0][0] as Real,
tri.vertices[0][1] as Real,
tri.vertices[0][2] as Real,
),
Vector3::new(
tri.normal[0] as Real,
tri.normal[1] as Real,
tri.normal[2] as Real,
),
),
Vertex::new(
Point3::new(
tri.vertices[1][0] as Real,
tri.vertices[1][1] as Real,
tri.vertices[1][2] as Real,
),
Vector3::new(
tri.normal[0] as Real,
tri.normal[1] as Real,
tri.normal[2] as Real,
),
),
Vertex::new(
Point3::new(
tri.vertices[2][0] as Real,
tri.vertices[2][1] as Real,
tri.vertices[2][2] as Real,
),
Vector3::new(
tri.normal[0] as Real,
tri.normal[1] as Real,
tri.normal[2] as Real,
),
),
];
polygons.push(Polygon::new(vertices, metadata.clone()));
}
Ok(Mesh::from_polygons(&polygons, metadata))
}
}
impl<S: Clone + Debug + Send + Sync> Sketch<S> {
/// Export to ASCII STL
/// Convert this Sketch to an **ASCII STL** string with the given 'name'.
///
/// ```
/// # use csgrs::sketch::Sketch;
/// # use std::error::Error;
/// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
/// let sketch: Sketch<()> = Sketch::square(2.0, None);
/// let bytes = sketch.to_stl_ascii("my_sketch");
/// std::fs::write("stl/my_sketch.stl", bytes)?;
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
pub fn to_stl_ascii(&self, name: &str) -> String {
let mut out = String::new();
out.push_str(&format!("solid {name}\n"));
// Write out all *2D* geometry from `self.geometry`
// We only handle Polygon and MultiPolygon. We tessellate in XY, set z=0.
for geom in &self.geometry {
match geom {
geo::Geometry::Polygon(poly2d) => {
// Outer ring (in CCW for a typical "positive" polygon)
let outer = poly2d
.exterior()
.coords_iter()
.map(|c| [c.x, c.y])
.collect::<Vec<[Real; 2]>>();
// Collect holes
let holes_vec = poly2d
.interiors()
.iter()
.map(|ring| ring.coords_iter().map(|c| [c.x, c.y]).collect::<Vec<_>>())
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let hole_refs = holes_vec
.iter()
.map(|hole_coords| &hole_coords[..])
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
// Triangulate with our existing helper:
let triangles_2d = Sketch::<()>::triangulate_2d(&outer, &hole_refs);
// Write each tri as a facet in ASCII STL, with a normal of (0,0,1)
for tri in triangles_2d {
out.push_str(" facet normal 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000\n");
out.push_str(" outer loop\n");
for pt in &tri {
out.push_str(&format!(
" vertex {:.6} {:.6} {:.6}\n",
pt.x, pt.y, pt.z
));
}
out.push_str(" endloop\n");
out.push_str(" endfacet\n");
}
},
geo::Geometry::MultiPolygon(mp) => {
// Each polygon inside the MultiPolygon
for poly2d in &mp.0 {
let outer = poly2d
.exterior()
.coords_iter()
.map(|c| [c.x, c.y])
.collect::<Vec<[Real; 2]>>();
// Holes
let holes_vec = poly2d
.interiors()
.iter()
.map(|ring| {
ring.coords_iter().map(|c| [c.x, c.y]).collect::<Vec<_>>()
})
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let hole_refs = holes_vec
.iter()
.map(|hole_coords| &hole_coords[..])
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let triangles_2d = Sketch::<()>::triangulate_2d(&outer, &hole_refs);
for tri in triangles_2d {
out.push_str(" facet normal 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000\n");
out.push_str(" outer loop\n");
for pt in &tri {
out.push_str(&format!(
" vertex {:.6} {:.6} {:.6}\n",
pt.x, pt.y, pt.z
));
}
out.push_str(" endloop\n");
out.push_str(" endfacet\n");
}
}
},
// Skip all other geometry types (LineString, Point, etc.)
// You can optionally handle them if you like, or ignore them.
_ => {},
}
}
out.push_str(&format!("endsolid {name}\n"));
out
}
/// Export to BINARY STL (returns `Vec<u8>`)
///
/// Convert this Sketch to a **binary STL** byte vector with the given 'name'.
///
/// The resulting `Vec<u8>` can then be written to a file or handled in memory:
///
/// ```rust
/// # use csgrs::sketch::Sketch;
/// # use std::error::Error;
/// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
/// let object = Sketch::<()>::square(1.0, None);
/// let bytes = object.to_stl_binary("my_sketch")?;
/// std::fs::write("stl/my_sketch.stl", bytes)?;
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
#[cfg(feature = "stl-io")]
pub fn to_stl_binary(&self, _name: &str) -> std::io::Result<Vec<u8>> {
use core2::io::Cursor;
use stl_io::{Normal, Triangle, Vertex, write_stl};
let mut triangles = Vec::new();
// Triangulate any 2D geometry from self.geometry (Polygon, MultiPolygon).
// We treat these as lying in the XY plane, at Z=0, with a default normal of +Z.
for geom in &self.geometry {
match geom {
geo::Geometry::Polygon(poly2d) => {
// Gather outer ring as [x,y]
let outer: Vec<[Real; 2]> =
poly2d.exterior().coords_iter().map(|c| [c.x, c.y]).collect();
// Gather holes
let holes_vec: Vec<Vec<[Real; 2]>> = poly2d
.interiors()
.iter()
.map(|ring| ring.coords_iter().map(|c| [c.x, c.y]).collect())
.collect();
// Convert each hole to a slice-reference for triangulation
let hole_refs: Vec<&[[Real; 2]]> =
holes_vec.iter().map(|h| &h[..]).collect();
// Triangulate using our geo-based helper
let tri_2d = Sketch::<()>::triangulate_2d(&outer, &hole_refs);
// Each triangle is in XY, so normal = (0,0,1)
#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
for tri_pts in tri_2d {
triangles.push(Triangle {
normal: Normal::new([0.0, 0.0, 1.0]),
vertices: [
Vertex::new([
tri_pts[0].x as f32,
tri_pts[0].y as f32,
tri_pts[0].z as f32,
]),
Vertex::new([
tri_pts[1].x as f32,
tri_pts[1].y as f32,
tri_pts[1].z as f32,
]),
Vertex::new([
tri_pts[2].x as f32,
tri_pts[2].y as f32,
tri_pts[2].z as f32,
]),
],
});
}
},
geo::Geometry::MultiPolygon(mpoly) => {
// Same approach, but each Polygon in the MultiPolygon
for poly2d in &mpoly.0 {
let outer: Vec<[Real; 2]> =
poly2d.exterior().coords_iter().map(|c| [c.x, c.y]).collect();
let holes_vec: Vec<Vec<[Real; 2]>> = poly2d
.interiors()
.iter()
.map(|ring| ring.coords_iter().map(|c| [c.x, c.y]).collect())
.collect();
let hole_refs: Vec<&[[Real; 2]]> =
holes_vec.iter().map(|h| &h[..]).collect();
let tri_2d = Sketch::<()>::triangulate_2d(&outer, &hole_refs);
#[allow(clippy::unnecessary_cast)]
for tri_pts in tri_2d {
triangles.push(Triangle {
normal: Normal::new([0.0, 0.0, 1.0]),
vertices: [
Vertex::new([
tri_pts[0].x as f32,
tri_pts[0].y as f32,
tri_pts[0].z as f32,
]),
Vertex::new([
tri_pts[1].x as f32,
tri_pts[1].y as f32,
tri_pts[1].z as f32,
]),
Vertex::new([
tri_pts[2].x as f32,
tri_pts[2].y as f32,
tri_pts[2].z as f32,
]),
],
});
}
}
},
// Skip other geometry types: lines, points, etc.
_ => {},
}
}
//
// (C) Encode into a binary STL buffer
//
let mut cursor = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
write_stl(&mut cursor, triangles.iter())?;
Ok(cursor.into_inner())
}
}