cryptocol 0.19.7

A cryptographic library that includes big number arithmetic operations, hash algorithms, symmetric-key cryptographic encryption/decryption algorithms, asymmetric-key (public-key) cryptographic encryption/decryption algorithms, pseudo random number generators, etc. Hash algorithms includes MD4, MD5, SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, SHA3, etc. Symmetric key encryption algorithms include DES, AES, etc. Public key encryption algorithms include RSA, ECC, etc.
Documentation 
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<!--
Copyright 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026 PARK Youngho.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
<LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option.
This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
except according to those terms.
 > int_union.rs를 참고하여 src/number/macros_for_integer_unions.rs의 3770행부터 
   3829행까지의 독스트링의 영어를 다듬어 줘. 예제와 그 제목은 건드리지 마. 양이 
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   것 없이 정교하게 교정해 줘.  
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# cryptocol: A Comprehensive Cryptography Library

## Endianness Support

`cryptocol` is optimized for **Little-endian** architectures, as they are the most widely used in modern computing. For more detailed information regarding Endianness (Little-endian vs. Big-endian), please read more [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness).

### Big-endian Compatibility Notice

Support for __Big-endian__ architectures is currently experimental. We do not recommend using this crate on Big-endian systems for production or critical applications. Users choosing to do so assume full responsibility for any potential issues.

## Roadmap for Version 1.0

The following features are planned for the `cryptocol` ecosystem.

- [X] **Completed:** Implementation and documentation are at least **95%** complete.
- [ ] __In Progress:__ Implementation or documentation is below __95%__, or work has not yet begun.

### 1. Small Numbers
_Foundational types for Big Numbers and other cryptographic modules._

- [X] **`SmallUInt` Trait:** Core implementation for primitive unsigned data types. --
      [SmallUInt](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/number/small_uint/trait.SmallUInt.html#trait.SmallUInt)
- [X] **Primitive Unions:** Implementation of unions for primitive unsigned types. --
      [ShortUnion](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/number/short_union/union.ShortUnion.html#union.ShortUnion),
      [IntUnion](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/number/int_union/union.IntUnion.html#union.IntUnion),
      [LongUnion](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/number/long_union/union.LongUnion.html#union.LongUnion),
      [LongerUnion](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/number/longer_union/union.LongerUnion.html#union.LongerUnion),
      [SizeUnion](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/number/size_union/union.SizeUnion.html#union.SizeUnion),
      [SharedValues](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/number/shared_values/union.SharedValues.html#union.SharedValues), and
      [SharedArrays](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/number/shared_arrays/union.SharedArrays.html#union.SharedArrays)      
<!--
- [ ] __`SmallSInt` Trait:__ (Planned) Core implementation for primitive signed data type. --
      `SmallSInt`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
-->

### 2. Big Numbers
_Essential for Asymmetric-Key Algorithms and high-precision calculations._

- [X] **Fixed-Size Big Unsigned Integers:** Standard operations for large unsigned integers. --
      [BigUInt](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/number/big_uint/struct.BigUInt.html#struct.BigUInt).
- [X] **Auxiliary Big Unsigned Integer Operations:** Specialized operations including modular arithmetic and primality testing. --
      [BigUInt_More](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/number/trait_big_uint_more/trait.BigUInt_More.html#trait.BigUInt_More),
      [BigUInt_Modular](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/number/trait_big_uint_modular/trait.BigUInt_Modular.html#trait.BigUInt_Modular),
      [BigUInt_Prime](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/number/trait_big_uint_prime/trait.BigUInt_Prime.html#trait.BigUInt_Prime), and
      [BigUInt_Panic_Free](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/number/trait_big_uint_panic_free/trait.BigUInt_Panic_Free.html#trait.BigUInt_Panic_Free).
<!--
- [ ] __Fixed-Size Big Signed Integers:__ (Planned) Standard operations for large signed integers. --
      `BigSInt`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __Variable-Size Big Signed Integers:__ (Planned) Standard operations for large signed integers. --
      `LargeInt`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0 or higher
-->

### 3. Hash Algorithms

#### 3-1. Official SHA-series
- [X] **SHA-3 & Keccak:** Supports 8/16/32/64-bit variants, including SHA3-224/256/384/512 and SHAKE 128/256. --
      [Keccak_Generic](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/hash/keccak/struct.Keccak_Generic.html#struct.Keccak_Generic)
- [X] **SHA-2 (512/t):** Including 512/256 and 512/224 variants. --
      [SHA2_512_t_Generic](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/hash/sha2_512_t/struct.SHA2_512_t_Generic.html#struct.SHA2_512_t_Generic)
- [X] **SHA-2 (512-bit):** SHA-512, SHA-384, and SHA-512/256. --
      [SHA2_512_Generic](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/hash/sha2_512/struct.SHA2_512_Generic.html#struct.SHA2_512_Generic)
- [X] **SHA-2 (256-bit):** SHA-256 and SHA-224. --
      [SHA2_256_Generic](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/hash/sha2_256/struct.SHA2_256_Generic.html#struct.SHA2_256_Generic)

#### 3-2. Educational Hash Algorithms (Insecure)
**Warning:** These are intended for educational purposes only and should not be used for securing sensitive data.

- [X] **SHA-1 & SHA-0:** 160-bit hash algorithms. --
      [SHA1_Generic](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/hash/sha1/struct.SHA1_Generic.html#struct.SHA1_Generic)
<!--
- [ ] __RIPEMD:__ (Planned) 256-bit hash algorithms. --
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __BLAKE3:__ (Planned) 256-bit hash algorithms. --
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __BLAKE2:__ (Planned) 256-bit hash algorithms. --
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __MD6:__ (Planned) 256-bit hash algorithms. --
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
-->
- [X] **MD5:** 128-bit hash algorithm. --
      [MD5_Generic](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/hash/md5/struct.MD5_Generic.html#struct.MD5_Generic)
- [X] **MD4:** 128-bit hash algorithm. --
      [MD4_Generic](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/hash/md4/struct.MD4_Generic.html#struct.MD4_Generic)
<!--
- [ ] __MD2:__ (Planned) 128-bit hash algorithms. --
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
-->

### 4. Symmetric-Key Algorithms (Block Ciphers)
#### 4-1. AES Finalists
- [X] **AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) & Rijndael:** Full support for AES/Rijndael with various operation modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding schemes (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      [Rijndael_Generic](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/struct.Rijndael_Generic.html#struct.Rijndael_Generic),
      [ECB_PKCS7](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.ECB_PKCS7.html#trait.ECB_PKCS7),
      [ECB_ISO](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.ECB_ISO.html#trait.ECB_ISO),
      [CBC_PKCS7](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CBC_PKCS7.html#trait.CBC_PKCS7),
      [CBC_ISO](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CBC_ISO.html#trait.CBC_ISO),
      [PCBC_PKCS7](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.PCBC_PKCS7.html#trait.PCBC_PKCS7),
      [PCBC_ISO](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.PCBC_ISO.html#trait.PCBC_ISO),
      [CFB](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CFB.html#trait.CFB),
      [OFB](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.OFB.html#trait.OFB), and
      [CTR](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CTR.html#trait.CTR).
<!--
- [ ] __MARS:__ (Planned) Full support for MARS with various operation modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding schemes (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). -- 
      `MARS_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __Serpent:__ (Planned) Full support for Serpent with various operation modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding schemes (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      `Serpent_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __Twofish:__ (Planned) Full support for Twofish with various operation modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding schemes (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      `Twofish_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __RC6:__ (Planned) Full support for RC6 with various operation modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding schemes (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      `RC6_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0

#### 4-2. South Korean Encryption/Decryption algorithms
- [ ] __SEED:__ (Planned) Full support for SEED with various operation modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding schemes (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      `SEED_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] _HIGHT:__ (Planned) Full support for HIGHT with various operation modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding schemes (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      `HIGHT_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __ARIA:__ (Planned) Full support for ARIA with various operation modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding schemes (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      `ARIA_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __LEA:__ (Planned) Full support for LEA with various operation modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding schemes (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      `LEA_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __IDEA:__ (Planned) Full support for IDEA with various operation modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding schemes (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      `IDEA_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0

#### 4-3. Miscellaneous Encryption/Decryption algorithms
- [ ] __Bluefish:__ (Planned) Full support for Bluefish with various operation modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding schemes (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      `Bluefish_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __RC5:__ (Planned) Full support for RC5 with various operation modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding schemes (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      `RC5_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
-->

#### 4-2. Educational Block Ciphers (Insecure)
**Warning:** These are intended for educational purposes only and should not be used for securing sensitive data.
<!--
- [ ] __RC2:__ (Planned) Standard DES implementation with multiple modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding options (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      `RC2_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
-->
- [X] **DES (Data Encryption Standard):** Standard DES implementation with multiple modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding options (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      [DES_Generic](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/struct.DES_Generic.html#struct.DES_Generic),
      [ECB_PKCS7](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.ECB_PKCS7.html#trait.ECB_PKCS7),
      [ECB_ISO](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.ECB_ISO.html#trait.ECB_ISO),
      [CBC_PKCS7](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CBC_PKCS7.html#trait.CBC_PKCS7),
      [CBC_ISO](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CBC_ISO.html#trait.CBC_ISO),
      [PCBC_PKCS7](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.PCBC_PKCS7.html#trait.PCBC_PKCS7),
      [PCBC_ISO](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.PCBC_ISO.html#trait.PCBC_ISO),
      [CFB](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CFB.html#trait.CFB),
      [OFB](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.OFB.html#trait.OFB), and
      [CTR](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CTR.html#trait.CTR).
<!--
- [ ] __Lucifer:__ (Planned) Standard Lucifer implementation with multiple modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding options (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      `Lucifer_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
-->

#### 4-3. Combined Cipher Containers
- [X] **BigCryptor128:** A tool for combining multiple symmetric algorithms (e.g., 2AES, 3AES) with multiple modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding options (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      [BigCryptor128](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/struct.BigCryptor128.html#struct.BigCryptor128),
      [ECB_PKCS7](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.ECB_PKCS7.html#trait.ECB_PKCS7),
      [ECB_ISO](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.ECB_ISO.html#trait.ECB_ISO),
      [CBC_PKCS7](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CBC_PKCS7.html#trait.CBC_PKCS7),
      [CBC_ISO](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CBC_ISO.html#trait.CBC_ISO),
      [PCBC_PKCS7](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.PCBC_PKCS7.html#trait.PCBC_PKCS7),
      [PCBC_ISO](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.PCBC_ISO.html#trait.PCBC_ISO),
      [CFB](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CFB.html#trait.CFB),
      [OFB](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.OFB.html#trait.OFB), and
      [CTR](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CTR.html#trait.CTR).

_Note: While supported, using native AES-256 or specific Rijndael variants is generally recommended over 2AES/3AES for better security and performance._

- [X] **BigCryptor64:** A tool for combining multiple symmetric algorithms (e.g., 2DES, 3DES) with multiple modes (ECB, CBC, PCBC, CFB, OFB, CTR) and padding options (PKCS#7, ISO 7816-4). --
      [BigCryptor64](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/struct.BigCryptor64.html#struct.BigCryptor64),
      [ECB_PKCS7](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.ECB_PKCS7.html#trait.ECB_PKCS7),
      [ECB_ISO](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.ECB_ISO.html#trait.ECB_ISO),
      [CBC_PKCS7](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CBC_PKCS7.html#trait.CBC_PKCS7),
      [CBC_ISO](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CBC_ISO.html#trait.CBC_ISO),
      [PCBC_PKCS7](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.PCBC_PKCS7.html#trait.PCBC_PKCS7),
      [PCBC_ISO](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.PCBC_ISO.html#trait.PCBC_ISO),
      [CFB](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CFB.html#trait.CFB),
      [OFB](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.OFB.html#trait.OFB), and
      [CTR](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/symmetric/trait.CTR.html#trait.CTR).
<!--
### 5. Symmetric-Key Algorithms (Stream Ciphers)
- [ ] __Chacha20:__ (Planned) Full support for Chacha20. --
      `Chacha20_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __Salsa20:__ (Planned) Full support for Chacha20. --
      `Salsa20_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0

### 5-1. Educational Stream Ciphers (Insecure)
- [ ] __RC4:__ (Planned) Full support for RC4. --
      ``RC4_Generic`
      ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
-->

### 5. Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNG)
- [X] **Generic PRNG Framework:** --
      struct [Random_Generic](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Random_Generic.html#struct.Random_Generic) and
      trait [Random_Engine](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/trait_random_engine/trait.Random_Engine.html#trait.Random_Engine)
- [X] **Hash-based PRNGs:** Engines leveraging Keccak, SHA-3, SHA-2, and others. --
      [Random_BIG_KECCAK_1024](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Random_BIG_KECCAK_1024.html#struct.Random_BIG_KECCAK_1024),
      [Random_SHA3_512](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Random_SHA3_512.html#struct.Random_SHA3_512),
      [Random_SHA2_512](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Random_SHA2_512.html#struct.Random_SHA2_512),
      [Any_SHAKE_256](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Any_SHAKE_256.html#struct.Any_SHAKE_256),
      [Any_SHAKE_128](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Any_SHAKE_128.html#struct.Any_SHAKE_128),
      [Any_SHA3_512](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Any_SHA3_512.html#struct.Any_SHA3_512),
      [Any_SHA3_256](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Any_SHA3_256.html#struct.Any_SHA3_256),
      [Any_SHA2_512](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Any_SHA2_512.html#struct.Any_SHA2_512),
      [Any_SHA2_256](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Any_SHA2_256.html#struct.Any_SHA2_256),
      [Slapdash_SHA1](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Slapdash_SHA1.html#struct.Slapdash_SHA1),
      [Slapdash_SHA0](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Slapdash_SHA0.html#struct.Slapdash_SHA0),
      [Slapdash_MD5](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Slapdash_MD5.html#struct.Slapdash_MD5), and
      [Slapdash_MD4](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Slapdash_MD4.html#struct.Slapdash_MD4).
- [X] **Cipher-based PRNGs:** Engines leveraging Rijndael and DES. --
      [Random_Rijndael](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Random_Rijndael.html#struct.Random_Rijndael),
      [Any_Rijndael](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Any_Rijndael.html#struct.Any_Rijndael), and
      [Slapdash_DES](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Slapdash_DES.html#struct.Slapdash_DES).
- [X] **Simple PRNGs:** Basic randomization algorithms like
      [Slapdash_Num_C](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/random/struct.Slapdash_Num_C.html#struct.Slapdash_Num_C).

### 6. Asymmetric-Key Algorithms

- [ ] __ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography):__ (Planned) Generic ECC implementation with padding support. --
      `ECC_Generic`.
ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem) asymmetric-key encryption/decryption algorithm, and the traits and its implementations of Padding bits for ECC_Generic
      --- Includes ECC and its expanded versions.
- [ ] __RSA (Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, Leonard Adleman):__ (In Progress) Implementation of RSA with PKCS #1 v1.5 and OAEP (Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding) (PKCS #1 v2.0/RFC 2437) padding. --
      [RSA_Generic](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/asymmetric/struct.RSA_Generic.html#struct.RSA_Generic),
      [PKCS1V15](https://docs.rs/cryptocol/latest/cryptocol/asymmetric/trait.PKCS1V15.html#trait.PKCS1V15), and
      OAEP.
<!--
- [ ] __Rabin:__ (Planned)
    ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __ElGamal:__ (Planned)
    ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
- [ ] __Diffie-Hellman:__ (Planned)
    ===> Moved to Roadmap for ver. 2.0
-->

## Versioning Policy
The project will reach Version 1.0.0.0 once all twenty-one functional areas listed above are fully implemented.

- __Pre-v1.0:__ Versions will range up to 0.21.x.x based on the progress of the listed functionalities.
- **Post-v1.0:** New features will increment the version beyond 1.0.0.0.

_Note: Version numbers like 0.5.0.0 indicate progress through the functionality list, not necessarily a 50% completion of the entire codebase._

## Breaking Changes
Please refer to `BreakingChanges.md` for a detailed history of API changes.