crypt-io 0.4.0

AEAD encryption (ChaCha20-Poly1305, AES-256-GCM), hashing (BLAKE3, SHA-2), MAC (HMAC, BLAKE3 keyed), and KDF (HKDF, Argon2id) for Rust. Algorithm-agile. RustCrypto-backed primitives with REPS discipline. Simple API. Sub-microsecond throughput.
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
<h1 align="center" id="top">
  <img width="99" alt="Rust logo" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jamesgober/rust-collection/72baabd71f00e14aa9184efcb16fa3deddda3a0a/assets/rust-logo.svg"><br>
  <b>crypt-io</b>
  <br><sub><sup>API REFERENCE</sup></sub>
</h1>

<p align="center">
    <b><a href="#installation">Installation</a></b>
    &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;
    <b><a href="#quick-start">Quick Start</a></b>
    &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;
    <b><a href="#public-apis">Public APIs</a></b>
    &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;
    <b><a href="#wire-format">Wire Format</a></b>
    &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;
    <b><a href="#errors">Errors</a></b>
    &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;
    <b><a href="#notes">Notes</a></b>
</p>

<p align="center">
    <i>Complete public-API reference for <code>crypt-io</code> 0.4.0.</i>
    <br>
    <i>For the milestone plan see
    <a href="../.dev/ROADMAP.md"><code>.dev/ROADMAP.md</code></a>.
    For per-version notes see <a href="../CHANGELOG.md"><code>CHANGELOG.md</code></a>.</i>
</p>

<hr>

## Table of Contents

- [Installation]#installation
- [Cargo features]#cargo-features
- [Quick Start]#quick-start
- [Public APIs]#public-apis
  - [`Crypt`]#crypt
    - [`Crypt::new`]#cryptnew
    - [`Crypt::with_algorithm`]#cryptwith_algorithm
    - [`Crypt::aes_256_gcm`]#cryptaes_256_gcm
    - [`Crypt::algorithm`]#cryptalgorithm
    - [`Crypt::encrypt`]#cryptencrypt
    - [`Crypt::encrypt_with_aad`]#cryptencrypt_with_aad
    - [`Crypt::decrypt`]#cryptdecrypt
    - [`Crypt::decrypt_with_aad`]#cryptdecrypt_with_aad
  - [`Algorithm`]#algorithm
    - [`Algorithm::name`]#algorithmname
    - [`Algorithm::key_len`]#algorithmkey_len
    - [`Algorithm::nonce_len`]#algorithmnonce_len
    - [`Algorithm::tag_len`]#algorithmtag_len
  - [Choosing an algorithm]#choosing-an-algorithm
  - [`hash` module]#hash-module
    - [`hash::blake3`]#hashblake3
    - [`hash::blake3_long`]#hashblake3_long
    - [`hash::sha256`]#hashsha256
    - [`hash::sha512`]#hashsha512
    - [`Blake3Hasher`]#blake3hasher
    - [`Sha256Hasher`]#sha256hasher
    - [`Sha512Hasher`]#sha512hasher
    - [Choosing a hash]#choosing-a-hash
  - [`Error`]#error
  - [`Result<T>`]#resultt
  - [Module constants]#module-constants
- [Wire format]#wire-format
- [Errors]#errors
- [Notes]#notes

<hr>

## Installation

### Default installation

Add to `Cargo.toml`:

```toml
[dependencies]
crypt-io = "0.4"
```

### Install via terminal

```bash
cargo add crypt-io
```

### Minimum supported Rust version

**Rust 1.85** (edition 2024). Older toolchains will not build.

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

<hr>

## Cargo features

The 0.2.0 surface is gated behind a small subset of the feature plan
documented in `Cargo.toml`. The full plan ships across the 0.3 →
0.9 milestones; what's listed here is what 0.2.0 actually wires up.

| Feature | Default | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| `std` || Standard-library types. Required by the current implementation. |
| `zeroize` || `zeroize` integration on supporting types. |
| `aead-chacha20` || ChaCha20-Poly1305 backend + [`Crypt::new`]#cryptnew. |
| `aead-aes-gcm` || AES-256-GCM backend + [`Crypt::aes_256_gcm`]#cryptaes_256_gcm. |
| `aead-all` |  | Both AEADs (already in the 0.3.0+ default). |
| `hash-blake3` || BLAKE3 hashing + [`Blake3Hasher`]#blake3hasher + XOF. |
| `hash-sha2` || SHA-256 + SHA-512 hashing + matching streaming hashers. |
| `hash-all` |  | Both hash families (already in the 0.4.0+ default). |
| `mac-hmac` || Reserved for 0.5.0. No-op in 0.4.0. |
| `kdf-hkdf` || Reserved for 0.6.0. No-op in 0.4.0. |
| `stream` |  | Reserved for 0.7.0. No-op in 0.4.0. |
| `preset-minimal` |  | `std` + `aead-chacha20` only — the 0.2.0 surface. |
| `preset-all` |  | All planned features enabled. Some are inert until their phase ships. |

> **Note.** Reserved features are wired in `Cargo.toml` so the
> dependency surface is stable across the 0.x series, but they
> activate no code in 0.2.0. Track the milestone plan in
> [`.dev/ROADMAP.md`]../.dev/ROADMAP.md.

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

<hr>

## Quick Start

The shortest correct round-trip:

```rust
use crypt_io::Crypt;

let crypt = Crypt::new();          // ChaCha20-Poly1305 (default)
let key = [0u8; 32];               // your 256-bit key

let ciphertext = crypt.encrypt(&key, b"attack at dawn")?;
let recovered  = crypt.decrypt(&key, &ciphertext)?;
assert_eq!(&*recovered, b"attack at dawn");
# Ok::<(), crypt_io::Error>(())
```

With additional authenticated data:

```rust
use crypt_io::Crypt;

let crypt = Crypt::new();
let key = [0u8; 32];

let aad = b"vault://session/4f3a"; // context, not secret
let ciphertext = crypt.encrypt_with_aad(&key, b"payload", aad)?;
let recovered  = crypt.decrypt_with_aad(&key, &ciphertext, aad)?;
assert_eq!(&*recovered, b"payload");
# Ok::<(), crypt_io::Error>(())
```

Explicit algorithm selection:

```rust
use crypt_io::{Algorithm, Crypt};

// ChaCha20-Poly1305 (default).
let chacha = Crypt::with_algorithm(Algorithm::ChaCha20Poly1305);
assert_eq!(chacha.algorithm(), Algorithm::ChaCha20Poly1305);

// AES-256-GCM — via either the convenience constructor or the agile surface.
let aes_a = Crypt::aes_256_gcm();
let aes_b = Crypt::with_algorithm(Algorithm::Aes256Gcm);
assert_eq!(aes_a, aes_b);
```

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

<hr>

## Public APIs

### `Crypt`

```rust
pub struct Crypt { /* internal */ }
```

The encryption handle. `Crypt` carries only the algorithm selection
— it does **not** store keys or nonces. Keys are passed per-call;
nonces are generated fresh inside `encrypt` / `encrypt_with_aad` and
prepended to the returned ciphertext.

`Crypt` is `Copy + Clone + Debug + PartialEq + Eq` and cheap to
construct (`const fn`). You can keep one as a module-level constant
or instantiate per-call without measurable cost.

#### `Crypt::new`

```rust
pub const fn new() -> Crypt;
```

Construct a handle configured for the default algorithm
([`Algorithm::ChaCha20Poly1305`](#algorithm)).

```rust
use crypt_io::Crypt;
let crypt = Crypt::new();
```

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `Crypt::with_algorithm`

```rust
pub const fn with_algorithm(algorithm: Algorithm) -> Crypt;
```

Construct a handle with an explicit algorithm choice.

```rust
use crypt_io::{Algorithm, Crypt};
let crypt = Crypt::with_algorithm(Algorithm::ChaCha20Poly1305);
```

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `Crypt::aes_256_gcm`

```rust
#[cfg(feature = "aead-aes-gcm")]
pub const fn aes_256_gcm() -> Crypt;
```

Convenience constructor for [`Algorithm::Aes256Gcm`](#algorithm).
Available only when the `aead-aes-gcm` Cargo feature is enabled
(it is in the 0.3.0 default set).

Equivalent to `Crypt::with_algorithm(Algorithm::Aes256Gcm)` — the
separate constructor exists because picking AES-GCM is a deliberate
choice (interop requirement, or a target with AES-NI / ARMv8
crypto extensions) and call sites read cleaner when they say so.

```rust
# #[cfg(feature = "aead-aes-gcm")] {
use crypt_io::{Algorithm, Crypt};
let crypt = Crypt::aes_256_gcm();
assert_eq!(crypt.algorithm(), Algorithm::Aes256Gcm);
# }
```

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `Crypt::algorithm`

```rust
pub const fn algorithm(&self) -> Algorithm;
```

Report which algorithm this handle will use.

```rust
use crypt_io::{Algorithm, Crypt};
let crypt = Crypt::new();
assert_eq!(crypt.algorithm(), Algorithm::ChaCha20Poly1305);
```

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `Crypt::encrypt`

```rust
pub fn encrypt(&self, key: &[u8], plaintext: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>>;
```

Encrypt `plaintext` under `key`. Returns the [wire-format](#wire-format)
buffer `nonce || ciphertext || tag` as a `Vec<u8>`. A fresh 12-byte
nonce is generated for every call via `mod_rand::tier3::fill_bytes`
(OS-backed CSPRNG).

**Parameters**

| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `key` | `&[u8]` | 32-byte symmetric key. Other lengths return [`Error::InvalidKey`]#error. |
| `plaintext` | `&[u8]` | Bytes to encrypt. May be empty. |

**Returns**

`Ok(Vec<u8>)` of length `plaintext.len() + 28` bytes on success.

**Errors**

- [`Error::InvalidKey`]#error`key.len() != 32`.
- [`Error::RandomFailure`]#error — the OS random source could not
  produce a nonce.
- [`Error::AlgorithmNotEnabled`]#error — the selected algorithm
  was disabled at compile time via Cargo features.

**Example**

```rust
use crypt_io::Crypt;
let crypt = Crypt::new();
let key = [0u8; 32];
let ciphertext = crypt.encrypt(&key, b"hello")?;
assert_eq!(ciphertext.len(), 5 + 28);
# Ok::<(), crypt_io::Error>(())
```

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `Crypt::encrypt_with_aad`

```rust
pub fn encrypt_with_aad(&self, key: &[u8], plaintext: &[u8], aad: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>>;
```

Encrypt with additional authenticated data. `aad` is authenticated
alongside the ciphertext but **not** encrypted and **not** included
in the returned buffer. Callers must supply identical `aad` to
[`decrypt_with_aad`](#cryptdecrypt_with_aad) — otherwise
authentication will fail.

Pass `&[]` for `aad` for behaviour identical to
[`encrypt`](#cryptencrypt).

**Parameters**

| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `key` | `&[u8]` | 32-byte symmetric key. |
| `plaintext` | `&[u8]` | Bytes to encrypt. May be empty. |
| `aad` | `&[u8]` | Associated data — authenticated, not encrypted. May be empty. |

**Errors:** same as [`encrypt`](#cryptencrypt).

**Example**

```rust
use crypt_io::Crypt;
let crypt = Crypt::new();
let key = [0u8; 32];
let aad = b"context-tag";

let ciphertext = crypt.encrypt_with_aad(&key, b"payload", aad)?;
let recovered  = crypt.decrypt_with_aad(&key, &ciphertext, aad)?;
assert_eq!(&*recovered, b"payload");
# Ok::<(), crypt_io::Error>(())
```

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `Crypt::decrypt`

```rust
pub fn decrypt(&self, key: &[u8], ciphertext: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>>;
```

Decrypt a buffer produced by [`encrypt`](#cryptencrypt) and return
the plaintext.

The buffer is expected to be `nonce || ciphertext || tag` — exactly
the layout `encrypt` returns. The tag is verified in constant time
by the upstream RustCrypto primitive; any tampering, wrong key, or
wrong length results in [`Error::AuthenticationFailed`](#error).

The returned `Vec<u8>` does **not** auto-zeroize. Callers handling
long-lived plaintext should move the bytes into a
`Zeroizing<Vec<u8>>` (`zeroize` crate) or — for production —
keep the plaintext inside a [`key-vault`](https://crates.io/crates/key-vault)
handle and never let it touch a raw `Vec`.

**Errors**

- [`Error::InvalidKey`]#error`key.len() != 32`.
- [`Error::InvalidCiphertext`]#error — the buffer is shorter
  than `nonce_len + tag_len` (28 bytes).
- [`Error::AuthenticationFailed`]#error — wrong key, tampered
  ciphertext, tampered tag, or AAD mismatch when associated data
  was used at encrypt-time.
- [`Error::AlgorithmNotEnabled`]#error — the selected algorithm
  was disabled at compile time.

**Example**

```rust
use crypt_io::Crypt;
let crypt = Crypt::new();
let key = [0u8; 32];
let ciphertext = crypt.encrypt(&key, b"hello")?;
let recovered  = crypt.decrypt(&key, &ciphertext)?;
assert_eq!(&*recovered, b"hello");
# Ok::<(), crypt_io::Error>(())
```

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `Crypt::decrypt_with_aad`

```rust
pub fn decrypt_with_aad(&self, key: &[u8], ciphertext: &[u8], aad: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>>;
```

Decrypt with associated data. `aad` must match what was passed to
[`encrypt_with_aad`](#cryptencrypt_with_aad) — otherwise the call
returns [`Error::AuthenticationFailed`](#error).

**Errors:** same as [`decrypt`](#cryptdecrypt).

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

---

### `Algorithm`

```rust
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum Algorithm {
    ChaCha20Poly1305,
    Aes256Gcm,
    // future variants
}
```

The supported AEAD algorithms. `#[non_exhaustive]` — `match` sites
must include a wildcard arm so future minor releases do not break
downstream code.

`Default` selects `ChaCha20Poly1305`. See
[Choosing an algorithm](#choosing-an-algorithm) for guidance on
when to pick which.

#### `Algorithm::name`

```rust
pub const fn name(self) -> &'static str;
```

Human-readable name. Returns `"ChaCha20-Poly1305"` or `"AES-256-GCM"`.

#### `Algorithm::key_len`

```rust
pub const fn key_len(self) -> usize;
```

Required key length in bytes. Returns `32` for every algorithm
shipped in 0.3.0.

#### `Algorithm::nonce_len`

```rust
pub const fn nonce_len(self) -> usize;
```

Nonce length in bytes that the algorithm consumes. Returns `12`
for both `ChaCha20Poly1305` and `Aes256Gcm`.

#### `Algorithm::tag_len`

```rust
pub const fn tag_len(self) -> usize;
```

Authentication tag length in bytes the algorithm produces. Returns
`16` for both algorithms.

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

---

### Choosing an algorithm

Both algorithms shipped in 0.3.0 are safe at 256-bit symmetric
strength. The choice is about hardware utilisation and interop, not
about cryptographic strength.

| You want… | Pick |
|---|---|
| The safe default with no thinking required | `ChaCha20Poly1305` |
| Maximum throughput on AES-NI / ARMv8 hardware | `Aes256Gcm` |
| Interop with TLS, JWE A256GCM, FIPS-spec'd protocols | `Aes256Gcm` |
| A target without hardware AES (older ARM, embedded, RISC-V) | `ChaCha20Poly1305` |
| Constant-time guarantee without depending on hardware AES | `ChaCha20Poly1305` |

The hardware-acceleration dispatch is handled by the upstream
`aes-gcm` crate at runtime — no `cfg` gates required on the
consumer side.

> **Note on storage.** The algorithm choice is **not** stored in
> the [wire format]#wire-format. Routing stored ciphertexts back
> to the correct algorithm on decrypt is the caller's
> responsibility — keep an external association (algorithm-id,
> key-id, or both) alongside the buffer.

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

---

### `hash` module

Cryptographic hash functions. New in 0.4.0. Three algorithms
exposed through a consistent free-function API plus matching
streaming hashers:

| Algorithm  | One-shot                          | Streaming        | Output | Feature       |
|------------|-----------------------------------|------------------|--------|---------------|
| BLAKE3     | [`hash::blake3`]#hashblake3     | [`Blake3Hasher`]#blake3hasher | 32 B | `hash-blake3` |
| BLAKE3 XOF | [`hash::blake3_long`]#hashblake3_long | `Blake3Hasher::finalize_xof` | N B | `hash-blake3` |
| SHA-256    | [`hash::sha256`]#hashsha256     | [`Sha256Hasher`]#sha256hasher | 32 B | `hash-sha2`   |
| SHA-512    | [`hash::sha512`]#hashsha512     | [`Sha512Hasher`]#sha512hasher | 64 B | `hash-sha2`   |

> **Hash-only, no MAC.** This module does not expose keyed hashing.
> For HMAC-SHA2 and BLAKE3 keyed mode, see the upcoming `mac`
> module (Phase 0.5.0). Using a raw hash as a MAC is a security
> mistake; the missing `with_key` is deliberate.

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `hash::blake3`

```rust
#[cfg(feature = "hash-blake3")]
pub fn blake3(data: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32];
```

One-shot BLAKE3 hash. Returns a fixed 32-byte digest.

```rust
# #[cfg(feature = "hash-blake3")] {
use crypt_io::hash;
let d = hash::blake3(b"the quick brown fox");
assert_eq!(d.len(), 32);
# }
```

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `hash::blake3_long`

```rust
#[cfg(feature = "hash-blake3")]
pub fn blake3_long(data: &[u8], len: usize) -> Vec<u8>;
```

One-shot BLAKE3 hash with arbitrary output length via the
extendable-output (XOF) mode. `len` may be any value including
zero. The first 32 bytes of the output equal
[`hash::blake3(data)`](#hashblake3) — XOF is a superset of the
default hash.

For the common 32-byte case prefer the fixed [`hash::blake3`](#hashblake3) —
it skips the XOF reader path.

```rust
# #[cfg(feature = "hash-blake3")] {
use crypt_io::hash;
let d = hash::blake3_long(b"input", 128);
assert_eq!(d.len(), 128);
# }
```

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `hash::sha256`

```rust
#[cfg(feature = "hash-sha2")]
pub fn sha256(data: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32];
```

One-shot SHA-256 hash (NIST FIPS 180-4). Returns a fixed 32-byte
digest.

```rust
# #[cfg(feature = "hash-sha2")] {
use crypt_io::hash;
let d = hash::sha256(b"abc");
assert_eq!(d.len(), 32);
# }
```

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `hash::sha512`

```rust
#[cfg(feature = "hash-sha2")]
pub fn sha512(data: &[u8]) -> [u8; 64];
```

One-shot SHA-512 hash (NIST FIPS 180-4). Returns a fixed 64-byte
digest.

```rust
# #[cfg(feature = "hash-sha2")] {
use crypt_io::hash;
let d = hash::sha512(b"abc");
assert_eq!(d.len(), 64);
# }
```

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `Blake3Hasher`

```rust
#[cfg(feature = "hash-blake3")]
pub struct Blake3Hasher { /* internal */ }

impl Blake3Hasher {
    pub fn new() -> Self;
    pub fn update(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> &mut Self;
    pub fn finalize(self) -> [u8; 32];
    pub fn finalize_xof(self, len: usize) -> Vec<u8>;
}
```

Streaming BLAKE3 hasher. `update` is chainable; finalisation
consumes the hasher and returns either the default 32-byte digest
or an arbitrary-length XOF buffer.

```rust
# #[cfg(feature = "hash-blake3")] {
use crypt_io::hash::Blake3Hasher;
let mut h = Blake3Hasher::new();
h.update(b"first ");
h.update(b"second");
let d = h.finalize();
assert_eq!(d.len(), 32);
# }
```

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `Sha256Hasher`

```rust
#[cfg(feature = "hash-sha2")]
pub struct Sha256Hasher { /* internal */ }

impl Sha256Hasher {
    pub fn new() -> Self;
    pub fn update(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> &mut Self;
    pub fn finalize(self) -> [u8; 32];
}
```

Streaming SHA-256 hasher. Same shape as
[`Blake3Hasher`](#blake3hasher) minus the XOF mode (which is
BLAKE3-specific).

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### `Sha512Hasher`

```rust
#[cfg(feature = "hash-sha2")]
pub struct Sha512Hasher { /* internal */ }

impl Sha512Hasher {
    pub fn new() -> Self;
    pub fn update(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> &mut Self;
    pub fn finalize(self) -> [u8; 64];
}
```

Streaming SHA-512 hasher.

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

#### Choosing a hash

Both BLAKE3 and SHA-2 are safe at 256-bit cryptographic strength.
The choice is about speed and ecosystem interop.

| You want… | Pick |
|---|---|
| Maximum throughput on modern hardware | `BLAKE3` |
| Variable-length output (KDF, fingerprinting, MGF) | `BLAKE3` (XOF) |
| TLS / JWT / certificate fingerprint interop | `SHA-256` |
| 64-byte output for spec compliance | `SHA-512` |
| Tree-hashing for very large inputs | `BLAKE3` |
| FIPS-certified algorithm (via a downstream FIPS-validated build) | `SHA-256` / `SHA-512` |

Hardware acceleration is automatic on both:

- **BLAKE3** uses `AVX2` / `AVX-512` on x86 and `NEON` on ARM via
  upstream dispatch.
- **SHA-2** uses `SHA-NI` on supporting x86 chips and ARMv8 crypto
  extensions on AArch64 — also runtime-dispatched.

> **Comparing digests.** Don't use `==` to compare two digests
> when one of them is secret-equivalent (an authentication token,
> a session key fingerprint, etc.). Use
> `subtle::ConstantTimeEq::ct_eq` so timing doesn't leak how many
> leading bytes matched. For non-secret comparisons (file
> integrity checks, content-addressed storage keys), `==` is fine.

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

---

### `Error`

```rust
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum Error {
    InvalidKey { expected: usize, actual: usize },
    InvalidCiphertext(String),
    AuthenticationFailed,
    AlgorithmNotEnabled(&'static str),
    RandomFailure(&'static str),
}
```

The crate-wide error type. `#[non_exhaustive]` — add a wildcard
arm in match sites.

Errors are **redaction-clean by design**:

- No key bytes, plaintext, nonces, or ciphertext appear in any
  variant.
- `InvalidKey` carries only the *lengths* — not the buffers.
- `AuthenticationFailed` is collapsed (wrong-key / tampered-bytes /
  AAD-mismatch all surface as this variant). The narrower
  classification is intentionally not exposed.

Implements `Debug + Clone + PartialEq + Eq + Display`. With the
`std` feature (default on), it also implements
`std::error::Error`.

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

---

### `Result<T>`

```rust
pub type Result<T> = core::result::Result<T, Error>;
```

Alias for the crate's `Result` shape.

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

---

### Module constants

From `crypt_io::aead`:

| Constant | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| `CHACHA20_NONCE_LEN` | `12` | Bytes of nonce ChaCha20-Poly1305 consumes. |
| `CHACHA20_TAG_LEN` | `16` | Bytes of authentication tag ChaCha20-Poly1305 produces. |
| `AES_GCM_NONCE_LEN` | `12` | Bytes of nonce AES-256-GCM consumes (the NIST default). |
| `AES_GCM_TAG_LEN` | `16` | Bytes of authentication tag AES-256-GCM produces. |
| `KEY_LEN` | `32` | Required key length for every AEAD shipped in 0.3.0+. |

From `crypt_io::hash`:

| Constant | Value | Meaning | Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| `BLAKE3_OUTPUT_LEN` | `32` | Bytes the default BLAKE3 digest produces. | `hash-blake3` |
| `SHA256_OUTPUT_LEN` | `32` | Bytes SHA-256 produces. | `hash-sha2` |
| `SHA512_OUTPUT_LEN` | `64` | Bytes SHA-512 produces. | `hash-sha2` |

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

<hr>

## Wire format

The buffer returned by `encrypt` / `encrypt_with_aad` and consumed
by `decrypt` / `decrypt_with_aad`:

```
+-----------------+--------------------------+------------------+
| nonce (12 B)    | ciphertext (N B)         | tag (16 B)       |
+-----------------+--------------------------+------------------+
| 0 .. 12         | 12 .. 12+N               | 12+N .. 28+N     |
```

Total size: `plaintext.len() + 28` bytes. The nonce is generated
internally per call and prepended so `decrypt` only needs the key
and the buffer.

Associated data (AAD) is **not** stored in this buffer. It is the
caller's responsibility to keep AAD addressable on the decrypt side
— it is authenticated, not transmitted.

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

<hr>

## Errors

- **`InvalidKey`** — key is not 32 bytes. Carries the lengths only.
- **`InvalidCiphertext`** — buffer is too short to hold a nonce +
  tag (or, in future versions, fails frame-level invariants).
- **`AuthenticationFailed`** — wrong key, tampered bytes, AAD
  mismatch, or missing AAD on decrypt. Collapsed by design.
- **`AlgorithmNotEnabled`** — selected algorithm was disabled at
  compile time. Re-build with the appropriate Cargo feature.
- **`RandomFailure`** — OS random source failed to produce a nonce.
  Rare; usually indicates a misconfigured sandbox or a freshly-booted
  VM that has not yet collected entropy.

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

<hr>

## Notes

- **Nonce reuse is impossible through this API.** Every
  `encrypt` / `encrypt_with_aad` call draws a fresh 12-byte
  nonce. There is no caller-supplied-nonce surface in 0.2.0.
- **The 96-bit nonce birthday bound** is ~`2^48` messages per
  key — far beyond any realistic single-key workload.
- **Constant-time tag verification** is preserved by deferring to
  the upstream `chacha20poly1305` crate; no equality comparisons on
  tag bytes happen in this wrapper.
- **Plaintext is `Vec<u8>` in 0.2.0.** Wrap with
  `zeroize::Zeroizing::new(_)` if you need zero-on-drop for the
  recovered plaintext, or compose with `key-vault` for production
  key handling.
- **AES-256-GCM ships in 0.3.0** with NIST SP 800-38D vectors and
  hardware-acceleration verification (AES-NI on x86, crypto
  extensions on ARM).

<a href="#top">↑ TOP</a>

<hr>

<sub>crypt-io API reference — Copyright (c) 2026 James Gober. Apache-2.0 OR MIT.</sub>