conf_json 0.1.4

//! The parser that do the real work
//!

use std::io;
use std::fmt::{self, Display, Debug};
use std::error::Error;
use std::str::FromStr;

use crate::value::{ArrayType, ObjectType, Value};

/// A error type that indicate lines and columns when parsing goes wrong
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ParseError {
	msg: String,
	line: usize,
	col: usize
}

impl Display for ParseError {
	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
		write!(f, "\"{}\" at line {} col {}", self.msg, self.line, self.col)
	}
}

impl Error for ParseError {}

/// Alias for a parsing `Result` with the error type ParseError
pub type ParseResult = Result<(), ParseError>;

/// N must able to hold the longest keyword, for standard json which has keywords
/// null true false, hence N >= 5 is good enough
const N: usize = 5;

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Parser<T> {
	buf: [u8; N],
	cur_pos: usize,
	end_pos: usize,
	eof: bool,
	lines: usize,
	cols: usize,
	src: T
}

impl<T: io::Read + Debug> Parser<T> {
	pub fn new(src: T) -> Self {
		Parser {
			buf: [b'\0'; N],
			cur_pos: 0,
			end_pos: 0,
			lines: 0,
			cols: 0,
			eof: false,
			src: src
		}
	}

	/// Raise a ParseError when parsing goes wrong with a brief description and
	/// position to tell why and where
	fn raise(&self, msg: &str) -> ParseError {
		ParseError {
			msg: msg.to_string(),
			line: self.lines,
			col: self.cols
		}
	}

	/// The loaded but not-yet parsed data size in inner buffer
	fn available(&self) -> usize {
		self.end_pos - self.cur_pos
	}

	/// If there is not enough data in inner buffer, pump as much as possible
	/// from underlying data source
	fn pump(&mut self, n: usize) {
		if self.available() < n {
			// the implement will make sure following assertion pass
			assert!(n <= self.buf.len());

			if !self.eof {
				// roll remaining data to the begining of inner buffer
				self.buf.rotate_left(self.cur_pos);
				self.end_pos -= self.cur_pos;
				self.cur_pos = 0;

				// try to fill inner buffer, pump as much as possible
				let r = self.src.read(&mut self.buf[self.end_pos..]);
				if let Ok(rd) = r {
					if rd == 0 {
						self.eof = true;
					} else {
						self.end_pos += rd;
					}
				} else {
					panic!("data source reading error");
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/// Pop parsed char, this is the only way to move internal cursor to next char
	/// it will also update the current lines and columns numbers so we can know
	/// when and where if parsing gose wrong
	fn pop(&mut self, n: usize) {
		// the implement will make sure following assertion pass
		assert!(n <= self.available());

		// this is the only way to `mark` each char as parsed, thus it's a good place
		// to record line and column numbers
		for i in self.cur_pos..self.cur_pos + n {
			if self.buf[i] == b'\n' {
				self.lines += 1;
				self.cols = 0;
			} else {
				self.cols += 1;
			}
		}

		self.cur_pos += n;
	}

	/// Get current char without moving the cursor, `None` if reach EOF
	fn peek(&mut self) -> Option<u8> {
		self.pump(1);
		if self.cur_pos == self.end_pos {
			None
		} else {
			Some(self.buf[self.cur_pos])
		}
	}

	/// Compare a ascii string in inner buffer, it won't move the cursor
	fn peek_match(&mut self, v: &[u8]) -> bool {
		self.pump(v.len());
		self.available() >= v.len() && v == &self.buf[self.cur_pos..self.cur_pos + v.len()]
	}

	/// Skip chars by predicate `F`, it will move the cursor by calling `pop()`
	fn skip_by<F>(&mut self, test: F) where F: Fn(u8) -> bool {
		while let Some(c) = self.peek() {
			if !test(c) {
				break
			} else {
				self.pop(1);
			}
		}
	}

	/// Skip chars until we meat the first `stop` char
	fn skip_to(&mut self, stop: u8) {
		self.skip_by(|c| { c != stop })
	}

	/// Skip spaces and comments to next meaningful char
	fn skip_to_next(&mut self) {
		loop {
			// skip spaces
			self.skip_by(|c| { c.is_ascii_whitespace() });

			// check the first char after spaces
			// '#' means comments so we skip to the end of current line
			if let Some(c) = self.peek() {
				if c == b'#' {
					self.skip_to(b'\n');
				} else {
					break;
				}
			} else {
				break;
			}
		}
		// now, cur_pos points to next valid char or EOF
	}

	/// This is the main entrance of parsing, by checking the leading char,
	/// different parsing method for each `Value` type were called respectively
	pub fn parse(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
		self.skip_to_next();
		if let Some(c) = self.peek() {
			match c {
				b'{' => self.parse_object(),
				b'[' => self.parse_array(),
				b'\'' | b'"' => self.parse_string(),
				_ => {
					if self.peek_match(b"true") {
						self.pop(4);
						Ok(Value::Bool(true))
					} else if self.peek_match(b"false") {
						self.pop(5);
						Ok(Value::Bool(false))
					} else if self.peek_match(b"null") {
						self.pop(4);
						Ok(Value::Null)
					} else {
						self.parse_number()
					}
				}
			}
		} else {
			Err(self.raise("not enough data"))
		}
	}

	/// Parse `Value::Object`, the trailing comma is allowed
	fn parse_object(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
		assert_eq!(self.peek(), Some(b'{'));
		self.pop(1);

		let mut obj = ObjectType::new();
		loop {
			// read item key
			self.skip_to_next();
			if let Some(c) = self.peek() {
				if c == b'}' {
					self.pop(1);
					return Ok(Value::Object(obj));
				} else if c == b'\'' || c == b'"' {
				} else {
					return Err(self.raise("object: key expecting ' or \""));
				}
			} else {
				return Err(self.raise("object: key expecting more data"));
			}
			let k = self.parse_string_raw()?;

			// read kv delimiter :
			self.skip_to_next();
			if self.peek() != Some(b':') {
				return Err(self.raise("object: expecting \":\""));
			}
			self.pop(1);

			// read item value
			self.skip_to_next();
			let v = self.parse()?;

			obj.insert(k, v);

			// read item delimiter , or end }
			// trailing , allowed, eg { k: v, kk: vv, } but not {,}
			self.skip_to_next();
			if let Some(c) = self.peek() {
				if c == b',' {
					self.pop(1);
				} else if c == b'}' {
					self.pop(1);
					return Ok(Value::Object(obj));
				} else {
					return Err(self.raise("object: bad item delimeter, expecting , or }"));
				}
			} else {
				return Err(self.raise("object: expecting , or }"));
			}
		}
	}

	/// Parse `Value::Array`, the trailing comma is allowed
	fn parse_array(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
		assert_eq!(self.peek(), Some(b'['));
		self.pop(1);

		let mut arr = ArrayType::new();
		loop {
			self.skip_to_next();
			if Some(b']') == self.peek() {
				self.pop(1);
				return Ok(Value::Array(arr));
			}
			arr.push(self.parse()?);

			// read array item delimiter , or end ]
			// trailing , allowed eg [aaa, bbb, ], but not [,]
			self.skip_to_next();
			if let Some(c) = self.peek() {
				if c == b',' {
					self.pop(1);
				} else if c == b']' {
					self.pop(1);
					return Ok(Value::Array(arr));
				}
			} else {
				return Err(self.raise("array: expecting , or ]"));
			}
		}
	}

	/// Extract `String`, this method can be called by `parse_object()` for pasing object item key name
	/// and `parse_string()`, both singal and double quotation marks are allowed
	fn parse_string_raw(&mut self) -> Result<String, ParseError> {
		// save quotation mark ' or "
		assert!(self.peek() == Some(b'"') || self.peek() == Some(b'\''));
		let quoter = self.peek().unwrap();
		self.pop(1);

		let mut v: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
		let mut esc = false;
		while let Some(c) = self.peek() {
			if esc {
				match c {
					b't' => v.push(b'\t'),
					b'r' => v.push(b'\r'),
					b'n' => v.push(b'\n'),
					_ => v.push(c),
				}
				esc = false;
			} else if c == b'\\' {
				esc = true;
			} else if c == quoter {
				self.pop(1);
				return if let Ok(s) = String::from_utf8(v) {
					Ok(s)
				} else {
					Err(self.raise("string: bad utf-8 encode"))
				}
			} else {
				v.push(c);
			}
			self.pop(1)
		}
		Err(self.raise("string: expecting more data"))
	}

	/// Parse `Value::String` by calling `parse_string_raw()`
	fn parse_string(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
		Ok(Value::String(self.parse_string_raw()?))
	}

	/// Check number car validation according to radix, for radix 2, '0' and '1' are allowed,
	/// for radix 8, '0' ~ '7', etc
	fn is_valid_number_char(c: u8, radix: u32) -> bool {
		match radix {
			2 => c >= b'0' && c <= b'1',
			8 => c >= b'0' && c <= b'7',
			10 => c >= b'0' && c <= b'9',
			16 => c >= b'0' && c <= b'9' || c >= b'a' && c <= b'f' || c >= b'A' && c <= b'F',
			_ => false,
		}
	}

	/// Parse `Value::Number` they were store with type f64, thers are some valid forms:
	///
	/// 123, -123, 123.456, 0x00ff, 0XAA, 123E4, 123e-4, 123E+4
	fn parse_number(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
		#[derive(PartialEq)]
		enum Phase {
			Sign,
			Radix,
			Int,
			Float,
			SciSign,
			Sci
		}

		let mut v: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
		let mut ph = Phase::Sign;
		let mut radix = 10;

		while let Some(c) = self.peek() {
			match ph {
				Phase::Sign => {
					if b'-' == c || b'+' == c {
						v.push(c);
						self.pop(1);
					} else if c.is_ascii_digit() {
					} else {
						return Err(self.raise("number: bad leading char, expecting \"+-[0-9]\""))
					}
					ph = Phase::Radix;
				}
				Phase::Radix => {
					if self.peek_match(b"0b") || self.peek_match(b"0B") {
						self.pop(2);
						radix = 2;
					} else if self.peek_match(b"0o") || self.peek_match(b"0O") {
						self.pop(2);
						radix = 8;
					} else if self.peek_match(b"0x") || self.peek_match(b"0X") {
						self.pop(2);
						radix = 16;
					}
					ph = Phase::Int;
				}
				Phase::Int => {
					if b'.' == c {
						if radix != 10 {
							return Err(self.raise(&format!("number: bad float parts for radix {}", radix)))
						}
						v.push(c);
						self.pop(1);
						ph = Phase::Float;
					} else if Self::is_valid_number_char(c, radix) {
						v.push(c);
						self.pop(1);
					} else if radix == 10 && (b'e' == c || b'E' == c) {
						v.push(c);
						self.pop(1);
						ph = Phase::SciSign;
					} else {
						break;
					}
				}
				Phase::Float => {
					assert_eq!(radix, 10);
					if Self::is_valid_number_char(c, 10) {
						v.push(c);
						self.pop(1);
					} else if b'e' == c || b'E' == c {
						v.push(c);
						self.pop(1);
						ph = Phase::SciSign;
					} else {
						break;
					}
				}
				Phase::SciSign => {
					if b'-' == c || b'+' == c {
						v.push(c);
						self.pop(1);
					}
					ph = Phase::Sci;
				}
				Phase::Sci => {
					if Self::is_valid_number_char(c, 10) {
						v.push(c);
						self.pop(1);
					} else {
						break;
					}
				}
			}
		}

		if v.is_empty() {
			Err(self.raise("number: expecting more data"))
		} else {
			if let Ok(s) = String::from_utf8(v) {
				if radix != 10 {
					if let Ok(v) = i64::from_str_radix(&s, radix) {
						Ok(Value::Number(v as f64))
					} else {
						Err(self.raise("number: bad i64 string"))
					}
				} else {
					if let Ok(v) = f64::from_str(&s) {
						Ok(Value::Number(v))
					} else {
						Err(self.raise("number: bad f64 string"))
					}
				}
			} else {
				Err(self.raise("number: bad utf-8 encoding"))
			}
		}
	}
}