concinnity-device 0.19.23

// src/directx/pipeline.rs
//
// Cross-cutting D3D12 pipeline helpers shared by every pass:
//   * Shader-compile + root-signature serialisation helpers (`compile_hlsl`,
//     `serialize_and_create_root_sig`, `serialize_desc_and_create`).
//   * Vertex input layouts referenced by main + shadow + velocity + SSAO
//     pre-pass + text pipelines (`main_input_layout`, `skinned_input_layout`,
//     `text_input_layout`).
//   * The text overlay pipeline (`create_text_root_signature`,
//     `create_text_pso`) and the composite (post-process) pipeline
//     (`create_composite_root_signature`, `create_composite_pso`).
//
// Mirrors src/metal/pipeline.rs (trimmed in the audit to the equivalent set:
// shared helpers + text + composite). Per-effect pipelines live in their
// own files: bloom/TAA/SSAO in directx/post/, cull at directx/cull.rs,
// main + shadow in directx/init/pipelines.rs.

use windows::Win32::Graphics::Direct3D12::*;
use windows::Win32::Graphics::Dxgi::Common::*;

use super::com;
use crate::directx::slang_builtins::SlangCompile;

// Shared shader-compile + root-sig helpers

pub(super) fn serialize_and_create_root_sig(
    device: &ID3D12Device,
    params: &[D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER],
    label: &str,
) -> Result<ID3D12RootSignature, String> {
    let desc = D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC {
        NumParameters: params.len() as u32,
        pParameters: params.as_ptr(),
        Flags: D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT,
        ..Default::default()
    };
    serialize_desc_and_create(device, &desc, label)
}

pub(super) fn serialize_desc_and_create(
    device: &ID3D12Device,
    desc: &D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC,
    label: &str,
) -> Result<ID3D12RootSignature, String> {
    let mut blob: Option<windows::Win32::Graphics::Direct3D::ID3DBlob> = None;
    let mut error: Option<windows::Win32::Graphics::Direct3D::ID3DBlob> = None;
    // SAFETY: the create descriptor and every pointer it borrows are live for the call, and the new
    // COM object lands in a binding that owns it.
    unsafe {
        windows::Win32::Graphics::Direct3D12::D3D12SerializeRootSignature(
            desc,
            windows::Win32::Graphics::Direct3D12::D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1,
            &mut blob,
            Some(&mut error),
        )
    }
    .map_err(|e| {
        let msg = error
            .as_ref()
            .map(|b| {
                // SAFETY: a property query on a live `ID3DBlob`; it only reads.
                let p = unsafe { b.GetBufferPointer() } as *const u8;
                // SAFETY: a property query on a live `ID3DBlob`; it only reads.
                let n = unsafe { b.GetBufferSize() };
                // SAFETY: `ID3DBlob` owns a non-null buffer of `GetBufferSize()` bytes that stays
                // live while `b` is held, and the text is copied out before the blob is released.
                String::from_utf8_lossy(unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(p, n) }).into_owned()
            })
            .unwrap_or_default();
        format!("serialize {label}: {e} {msg}")
    })?;

    let b = blob.ok_or_else(|| format!("{label}: no blob after serialize"))?;
    // SAFETY: a property query on a live `ID3DBlob`; it only reads.
    let ptr = unsafe { b.GetBufferPointer() };
    // SAFETY: a property query on a live `ID3DBlob`; it only reads.
    let len = unsafe { b.GetBufferSize() };
    // SAFETY: `ID3DBlob` owns a non-null buffer of `GetBufferSize()` bytes that stays live while
    // `b` is held, and `b` outlives the `CreateRootSignature` call that reads the slice.
    let sig_bytes = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(ptr as *const u8, len) };

    // SAFETY: the create descriptor and every pointer it borrows are live for the call, and the new
    // COM object lands in a binding that owns it.
    unsafe { device.CreateRootSignature(0, sig_bytes) }.map_err(|e| format!("create {label}: {e}"))
}

// Shared vertex input layouts
//
// Used by main + shadow + velocity + SSAO pre-pass + text pipelines. Kept
// here because multiple per-effect pipelines reference them.

// Vertex input elements for the main pass (56-byte Vertex struct).
pub(super) fn main_input_layout() -> Vec<D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC> {
    // SAFETY: the PSTR literals live for 'static; this is standard D3D12 usage.
    vec![
        D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC {
            SemanticName: windows::core::s!("POSITION"),
            SemanticIndex: 0,
            Format: DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,
            InputSlot: 0,
            AlignedByteOffset: 0,
            InputSlotClass: D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
            InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
        },
        D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC {
            SemanticName: windows::core::s!("NORMAL"),
            SemanticIndex: 0,
            Format: DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,
            InputSlot: 0,
            AlignedByteOffset: 12,
            InputSlotClass: D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
            InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
        },
        D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC {
            SemanticName: windows::core::s!("TANGENT"),
            SemanticIndex: 0,
            Format: DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,
            InputSlot: 0,
            AlignedByteOffset: 24,
            InputSlotClass: D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
            InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
        },
        D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC {
            SemanticName: windows::core::s!("COLOR"),
            SemanticIndex: 0,
            Format: DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,
            InputSlot: 0,
            AlignedByteOffset: 36,
            InputSlotClass: D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
            InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
        },
        D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC {
            SemanticName: windows::core::s!("TEXCOORD"),
            SemanticIndex: 0,
            Format: DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
            InputSlot: 0,
            AlignedByteOffset: 48,
            InputSlotClass: D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
            InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
        },
    ]
}

// Vertex input elements for the skinned pass (80-byte SkinnedVertex struct):
// the 56-byte static attributes plus ushort4 joint indices (offset 56) and
// float4 blend weights (offset 64).
pub(super) fn skinned_input_layout() -> Vec<D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC> {
    let mut layout = main_input_layout();
    layout.push(D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC {
        SemanticName: windows::core::s!("BLENDINDICES"),
        SemanticIndex: 0,
        Format: DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT,
        InputSlot: 0,
        AlignedByteOffset: 56,
        InputSlotClass: D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
        InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
    });
    layout.push(D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC {
        SemanticName: windows::core::s!("BLENDWEIGHT"),
        SemanticIndex: 0,
        Format: DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,
        InputSlot: 0,
        AlignedByteOffset: 64,
        InputSlotClass: D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
        InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
    });
    layout
}

// Vertex input elements for the text pass (32-byte TextVertex struct), asserted
// by `text_vertex_layout_matches_shaders`.
//
// `mode` takes a semantic of its own rather than a second TEXCOORD: slangc
// appends its own index to whatever a semantic spells, so `TEXCOORD1` in
// `text.slang` would reach DXIL as TEXCOORD index 10 and never match an element
// declared at index 1.
fn text_input_layout() -> Vec<D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC> {
    vec![
        D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC {
            SemanticName: windows::core::s!("POSITION"),
            SemanticIndex: 0,
            Format: DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
            InputSlot: 0,
            AlignedByteOffset: 0,
            InputSlotClass: D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
            InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
        },
        D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC {
            SemanticName: windows::core::s!("TEXCOORD"),
            SemanticIndex: 0,
            Format: DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,
            InputSlot: 0,
            AlignedByteOffset: 8,
            InputSlotClass: D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
            InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
        },
        D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC {
            SemanticName: windows::core::s!("COLOR"),
            SemanticIndex: 0,
            Format: DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,
            InputSlot: 0,
            AlignedByteOffset: 16,
            InputSlotClass: D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
            InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
        },
        D3D12_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC {
            SemanticName: windows::core::s!("MODE"),
            SemanticIndex: 0,
            Format: DXGI_FORMAT_R32_FLOAT,
            InputSlot: 0,
            AlignedByteOffset: 28,
            InputSlotClass: D3D12_INPUT_CLASSIFICATION_PER_VERTEX_DATA,
            InstanceDataStepRate: 0,
        },
    ]
}

// Composite (post-process) pipeline
//
// A vertex-buffer-less fullscreen triangle samples the off-screen FP16 HDR
// scene target, composites the bloom mip, applies an exposure multiplier, the
// Narkowicz ACES tonemap + gamma 2.2 encode, a single FXAA 3.11-style edge
// pass, a 3D-LUT colour grade, and a radial vignette, then writes the
// swapchain backbuffer. Ships from `src/shaders/composite.slang`, paired with
// the shared single-source fullscreen-triangle vertex every post pass uses.

// Compile the composite (post-process) pass shaders. Returns (vs, ps).
pub(super) fn compile_composite_shaders(hot_reload: bool) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>), String> {
    let vs = super::slang_builtins::FULLSCREEN_VERT.compile(hot_reload)?;
    let ps = super::slang_builtins::COMPOSITE_FRAG.compile(hot_reload)?;
    Ok((vs, ps))
}

// Number of 32-bit root constants the composite pass declares at b0: one per
// `CompositeParams` float, so the shader's cbuffer is fully backed.
pub(super) const COMPOSITE_ROOT_CONSTANTS: u32 =
    (std::mem::size_of::<crate::gfx::render_types::CompositeParams>() / 4) as u32;

// Root signature for the composite pass: a 1-SRV descriptor table at t0 (the
// scene target: the HDR resolve, or the TAA output when TAA is on), a 1-SRV
// table at t1 (bloom mip 0), `COMPOSITE_ROOT_CONSTANTS` 32-bit root constants
// at b0 (`CompositeParams`), a 1-SRV descriptor table at t2 (the 3D
// colour-grading LUT), one each at t3 / t4 / t5 (the G-buffer normal+depth,
// roughness, and SSAO channels the debug view modes visualize), and static
// linear-clamp samplers at s0..s5 -- one per source, because slangc splits each
// combined sampler in the single source into its own texture/sampler pair. The
// scene SRV is its own table (separate from bloom mip 0) so the runtime can
// re-point it at the per-frame TAA output without the two needing to be
// heap-contiguous. Clamp keeps the FXAA neighbour taps from wrapping at screen
// edges and the LUT taps inside the cube.
pub(super) fn create_composite_root_signature(
    device: &ID3D12Device,
) -> Result<ID3D12RootSignature, String> {
    let scene_range = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE {
        RangeType: D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV,
        NumDescriptors: 1,
        BaseShaderRegister: 0, // t0
        RegisterSpace: 0,
        OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart: D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_OFFSET_APPEND,
    };
    let bloom_range = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE {
        RangeType: D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV,
        NumDescriptors: 1,
        BaseShaderRegister: 1, // t1
        RegisterSpace: 0,
        OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart: D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_OFFSET_APPEND,
    };
    // The 3D colour-grading LUT SRV is a separate, non-contiguous heap slot
    // (it sits after the bloom mips), so it needs its own descriptor table.
    let lut_range = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE {
        RangeType: D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV,
        NumDescriptors: 1,
        BaseShaderRegister: 2, // t2
        RegisterSpace: 0,
        OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart: D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_OFFSET_APPEND,
    };
    // The G-buffer channel sources the debug view modes visualize (t3 normal +
    // depth, t4 roughness, t5 the blurred SSAO occlusion). Each is a separate
    // non-contiguous heap slot, so each needs its own table. The fragment
    // references all three statically, so they are bound every frame (the SSAO
    // white 1x1 stands in when no G-buffer was built).
    let channel_ranges = [3u32, 4, 5].map(|reg| D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE {
        RangeType: D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV,
        NumDescriptors: 1,
        BaseShaderRegister: reg,
        RegisterSpace: 0,
        OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart: D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_OFFSET_APPEND,
    });
    let params = [
        // [0] Descriptor table: scene SRV (t0)
        D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER {
            ParameterType: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE,
            Anonymous: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_0 {
                DescriptorTable: D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE {
                    NumDescriptorRanges: 1,
                    pDescriptorRanges: &scene_range,
                },
            },
            ShaderVisibility: D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL,
        },
        // [1] Descriptor table: bloom mip 0 SRV (t1)
        D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER {
            ParameterType: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE,
            Anonymous: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_0 {
                DescriptorTable: D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE {
                    NumDescriptorRanges: 1,
                    pDescriptorRanges: &bloom_range,
                },
            },
            ShaderVisibility: D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL,
        },
        // [2] Root constants: CompositeParams (the 9 PostProcessParams tunables,
        // the scene-transition fade, and the view-mode + far pair) at b0. The
        // count must cover the whole struct: constants past `Num32BitValues`
        // read as zero in the shader, which silently disabled the `fxaa` flag
        // while this was 8.
        D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER {
            ParameterType: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_32BIT_CONSTANTS,
            Anonymous: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_0 {
                Constants: D3D12_ROOT_CONSTANTS {
                    ShaderRegister: 0,
                    RegisterSpace: 0,
                    Num32BitValues: COMPOSITE_ROOT_CONSTANTS,
                },
            },
            ShaderVisibility: D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL,
        },
        // [3] Descriptor table: 3D colour-grading LUT SRV (t2)
        D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER {
            ParameterType: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE,
            Anonymous: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_0 {
                DescriptorTable: D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE {
                    NumDescriptorRanges: 1,
                    pDescriptorRanges: &lut_range,
                },
            },
            ShaderVisibility: D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL,
        },
        // [4] G-buffer normal + depth SRV (t3)
        D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER {
            ParameterType: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE,
            Anonymous: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_0 {
                DescriptorTable: D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE {
                    NumDescriptorRanges: 1,
                    pDescriptorRanges: &channel_ranges[0],
                },
            },
            ShaderVisibility: D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL,
        },
        // [5] G-buffer roughness SRV (t4)
        D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER {
            ParameterType: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE,
            Anonymous: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_0 {
                DescriptorTable: D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE {
                    NumDescriptorRanges: 1,
                    pDescriptorRanges: &channel_ranges[1],
                },
            },
            ShaderVisibility: D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL,
        },
        // [6] Blurred SSAO occlusion SRV (t5)
        D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER {
            ParameterType: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE,
            Anonymous: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_0 {
                DescriptorTable: D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE {
                    NumDescriptorRanges: 1,
                    pDescriptorRanges: &channel_ranges[2],
                },
            },
            ShaderVisibility: D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL,
        },
    ];
    // s0..s5: scene, bloom, LUT, and the three channel-view sources. Identical
    // descriptors; the split is the shader's, not the pass's.
    let static_samplers = [0u32, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5].map(|reg| D3D12_STATIC_SAMPLER_DESC {
        Filter: D3D12_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR,
        AddressU: D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP,
        AddressV: D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP,
        AddressW: D3D12_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP,
        ComparisonFunc: D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC_ALWAYS,
        BorderColor: D3D12_STATIC_BORDER_COLOR_OPAQUE_BLACK,
        MinLOD: 0.0,
        MaxLOD: f32::MAX,
        ShaderRegister: reg,
        RegisterSpace: 0,
        ShaderVisibility: D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL,
        ..Default::default()
    });
    let desc = D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC {
        NumParameters: params.len() as u32,
        pParameters: params.as_ptr(),
        NumStaticSamplers: static_samplers.len() as u32,
        pStaticSamplers: static_samplers.as_ptr(),
        Flags: D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_NONE,
    };
    serialize_desc_and_create(device, &desc, "composite root sig")
}

// PSO for the composite pass: a vertex-buffer-less fullscreen triangle that
// samples the HDR scene target and writes the single-sample swapchain
// backbuffer. No input layout, no depth.
pub(super) fn create_composite_pso(
    device: &ID3D12Device,
    root_sig: &ID3D12RootSignature,
    vs: &[u8],
    ps: &[u8],
    rtv_format: DXGI_FORMAT,
) -> Result<ID3D12PipelineState, String> {
    let pso_desc = D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC {
        pRootSignature: com::borrowed(root_sig),
        VS: D3D12_SHADER_BYTECODE {
            pShaderBytecode: vs.as_ptr() as _,
            BytecodeLength: vs.len(),
        },
        PS: D3D12_SHADER_BYTECODE {
            pShaderBytecode: ps.as_ptr() as _,
            BytecodeLength: ps.len(),
        },
        // No input layout; the vertex shader generates the triangle from
        // SV_VertexID.
        PrimitiveTopologyType: D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE,
        NumRenderTargets: 1,
        RTVFormats: {
            let mut a = [DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN; 8];
            a[0] = rtv_format;
            a
        },
        DSVFormat: DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
        SampleDesc: DXGI_SAMPLE_DESC {
            Count: 1,
            Quality: 0,
        },
        SampleMask: u32::MAX,
        RasterizerState: D3D12_RASTERIZER_DESC {
            FillMode: D3D12_FILL_MODE_SOLID,
            CullMode: D3D12_CULL_MODE_NONE,
            FrontCounterClockwise: true.into(),
            DepthClipEnable: true.into(),
            ..Default::default()
        },
        DepthStencilState: D3D12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC {
            DepthEnable: false.into(),
            DepthWriteMask: D3D12_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK_ZERO,
            DepthFunc: D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC_ALWAYS,
            StencilEnable: false.into(),
            ..Default::default()
        },
        BlendState: D3D12_BLEND_DESC {
            RenderTarget: {
                let mut arr = [D3D12_RENDER_TARGET_BLEND_DESC::default(); 8];
                arr[0] = D3D12_RENDER_TARGET_BLEND_DESC {
                    BlendEnable: false.into(),
                    RenderTargetWriteMask: D3D12_COLOR_WRITE_ENABLE_ALL.0 as u8,
                    ..Default::default()
                };
                arr
            },
            ..Default::default()
        },
        ..Default::default()
    };

    // SAFETY: `desc` outlives this synchronous call, and so do the root signature, shader bytecode
    // and input-element array whose raw pointers it borrows.
    unsafe { crate::directx::pso_library::create_graphics(device, &pso_desc) }
        .map_err(|e| format!("create composite PSO: {e}"))
}

// Text overlay pipeline
//
// Drawn after the composite into the single-sample swapchain backbuffer with
// straight alpha-blending. Per-call vertex + index buffers are uploaded
// dynamically by `encode_composite_and_text`.

// Compile the text overlay shaders.
pub(super) fn compile_text_shaders(hot_reload: bool) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>), String> {
    let text_vs = super::slang_builtins::TEXT_VERT.compile(hot_reload)?;
    let text_ps = super::slang_builtins::TEXT_FRAG.compile(hot_reload)?;
    Ok((text_vs, text_ps))
}

pub(super) fn create_text_root_signature(
    device: &ID3D12Device,
) -> Result<ID3D12RootSignature, String> {
    let atlas_srv_range = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE {
        RangeType: D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV,
        NumDescriptors: 1,
        BaseShaderRegister: 0, // t0
        RegisterSpace: 0,
        OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart: D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_OFFSET_APPEND,
    };
    let text_sampler_range = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE {
        RangeType: D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SAMPLER,
        NumDescriptors: 1,
        BaseShaderRegister: 0, // s0
        RegisterSpace: 0,
        OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart: D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_OFFSET_APPEND,
    };

    let params = [
        // [0] Root constants: win_width, win_height, pad, pad = 4 DWORDs at b0
        D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER {
            ParameterType: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_32BIT_CONSTANTS,
            Anonymous: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_0 {
                Constants: D3D12_ROOT_CONSTANTS {
                    ShaderRegister: 0,
                    RegisterSpace: 0,
                    Num32BitValues: 4,
                },
            },
            ShaderVisibility: D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_VERTEX,
        },
        // [1] Descriptor table: atlas SRV (t0)
        D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER {
            ParameterType: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE,
            Anonymous: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_0 {
                DescriptorTable: D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE {
                    NumDescriptorRanges: 1,
                    pDescriptorRanges: &atlas_srv_range,
                },
            },
            ShaderVisibility: D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL,
        },
        // [2] Descriptor table: text sampler (s0)
        D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER {
            ParameterType: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE,
            Anonymous: D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_0 {
                DescriptorTable: D3D12_ROOT_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE {
                    NumDescriptorRanges: 1,
                    pDescriptorRanges: &text_sampler_range,
                },
            },
            ShaderVisibility: D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL,
        },
    ];

    serialize_and_create_root_sig(device, &params, "text root sig")
}

pub(super) fn create_text_pso(
    device: &ID3D12Device,
    root_sig: &ID3D12RootSignature,
    vs: &[u8],
    ps: &[u8],
    rtv_format: DXGI_FORMAT,
    sample_count: u32,
) -> Result<ID3D12PipelineState, String> {
    let layout = text_input_layout();
    let pso_desc = D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC {
        pRootSignature: com::borrowed(root_sig),
        VS: D3D12_SHADER_BYTECODE {
            pShaderBytecode: vs.as_ptr() as _,
            BytecodeLength: vs.len(),
        },
        PS: D3D12_SHADER_BYTECODE {
            pShaderBytecode: ps.as_ptr() as _,
            BytecodeLength: ps.len(),
        },
        InputLayout: D3D12_INPUT_LAYOUT_DESC {
            pInputElementDescs: layout.as_ptr(),
            NumElements: layout.len() as u32,
        },
        PrimitiveTopologyType: D3D12_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TYPE_TRIANGLE,
        NumRenderTargets: 1,
        RTVFormats: {
            let mut a = [DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN; 8];
            a[0] = rtv_format;
            a
        },
        DSVFormat: DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
        SampleDesc: DXGI_SAMPLE_DESC {
            Count: sample_count,
            Quality: 0,
        },
        SampleMask: u32::MAX,
        RasterizerState: D3D12_RASTERIZER_DESC {
            FillMode: D3D12_FILL_MODE_SOLID,
            CullMode: D3D12_CULL_MODE_NONE,
            FrontCounterClockwise: true.into(),
            DepthClipEnable: true.into(),
            ..Default::default()
        },
        DepthStencilState: D3D12_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC {
            DepthEnable: false.into(),
            DepthWriteMask: D3D12_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK_ZERO,
            DepthFunc: D3D12_COMPARISON_FUNC_ALWAYS,
            StencilEnable: false.into(),
            ..Default::default()
        },
        BlendState: D3D12_BLEND_DESC {
            RenderTarget: {
                let mut arr = [D3D12_RENDER_TARGET_BLEND_DESC::default(); 8];
                arr[0] = D3D12_RENDER_TARGET_BLEND_DESC {
                    BlendEnable: true.into(),
                    SrcBlend: D3D12_BLEND_SRC_ALPHA,
                    DestBlend: D3D12_BLEND_INV_SRC_ALPHA,
                    BlendOp: D3D12_BLEND_OP_ADD,
                    SrcBlendAlpha: D3D12_BLEND_SRC_ALPHA,
                    DestBlendAlpha: D3D12_BLEND_INV_SRC_ALPHA,
                    BlendOpAlpha: D3D12_BLEND_OP_ADD,
                    RenderTargetWriteMask: D3D12_COLOR_WRITE_ENABLE_ALL.0 as u8,
                    ..Default::default()
                };
                arr
            },
            ..Default::default()
        },
        ..Default::default()
    };

    // SAFETY: `desc` outlives this synchronous call, and so do the root signature, shader bytecode
    // and input-element array whose raw pointers it borrows.
    unsafe { crate::directx::pso_library::create_graphics(device, &pso_desc) }
        .map_err(|e| format!("create text PSO: {e}"))
}