composure_macros 0.1.3

//! `rsx!` and `#[view]`: JSX markup (parsed with rstml) expanded to `types::*` components with
//! no runtime tree, and inline handlers hoisted into the View's `ViewHandler` (ADR 0011).

use std::collections::HashSet;

use proc_macro2::{Span, TokenStream, TokenTree};
use quote::{ToTokens, format_ident, quote, quote_spanned};
use rstml::node::{
    KVAttributeValue, KeyedAttributeValue, Node, NodeAttribute, NodeBlock, NodeElement, NodeName,
    NodeNameFragment,
};
use syn::{
    Expr, ExprClosure, FnArg, Ident, ItemFn, LitStr, Pat, PathArguments, ReturnType, Stmt, Type,
    TypeParamBound,
    spanned::Spanned,
    visit_mut::{self, VisitMut},
};

use crate::{
    handler::{ctx_state, is_ctx},
    meta::snake_case,
};

fn cmd() -> TokenStream {
    quote!(::composure::command)
}

fn types() -> TokenStream {
    quote!(::composure::types)
}

fn err<T>(span: Span, message: impl std::fmt::Display) -> syn::Result<T> {
    Err(syn::Error::new(span, message))
}

/// `rsx! { .. }` outside a `#[view]`: no inline handlers
pub fn expand_macro(input: TokenStream) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
    Gen::new(None).view(input)
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
enum Event {
    Click,
    Select,
    Submit,
}

impl Event {
    fn name(self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            Event::Click => "click",
            Event::Select => "select",
            Event::Submit => "submit",
        }
    }
}

/// The `#[view]` function the markup is in
struct Scope {
    name: Ident,
    prefix: String,
    props: Vec<Prop>,
    modal: bool,
}

/// An inline handler, hoisted into the View's `ViewHandler`
struct Handler {
    name: String,
    event: Event,
    captured: Vec<(Ident, Type)>,
    ctx_pat: Option<Pat>,
    ctx_ty: Option<Type>,
    /// Select values or modal fields, after `ctx`
    typed: Vec<(Ident, Type)>,
    body: Expr,
    asyncness: bool,
}

/// The submit handler's typed parameters, while generating a `<Modal>`'s inputs
struct ModalScope {
    params: Vec<(Ident, Type, bool)>,
    /// An inline `on:submit`: every input needs a parameter and every parameter an input
    strict: bool,
}

struct Gen {
    scope: Option<Scope>,
    handlers: Vec<Handler>,
    names: HashSet<String>,
    /// User Views placed by the markup
    views: Vec<syn::Path>,
    /// Per `rsx!` invocation: `let`s computing inline handler ids from Props, run first so the
    /// markup can move Props
    pre: Vec<Vec<TokenStream>>,
    modal: Option<ModalScope>,
    next: usize,
    /// From the nested-`rsx!` visitor, which cannot return one
    error: Option<syn::Error>,
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
enum Parent {
    Top,
    Container,
    Section,
    Row,
    Modal,
    /// A user View's children
    Any,
}

impl Parent {
    fn takes_text(self) -> bool {
        !matches!(self, Parent::Row)
    }

    fn describe(self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            Parent::Top => "at the top of a message",
            Parent::Container => "in a <Container>",
            Parent::Section => "in a <Section>",
            Parent::Row => "in a <Row>",
            Parent::Modal => "in a <Modal>",
            Parent::Any => "here",
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
enum Tag {
    Container,
    Section,
    Text,
    Thumbnail,
    Gallery,
    Item,
    File,
    Separator,
    Row,
    Button,
    StringSelect,
    UserSelect,
    RoleSelect,
    MentionableSelect,
    ChannelSelect,
    Option,
    Modal,
    Label,
    TextInput,
    RadioGroup,
    CheckboxGroup,
    Checkbox,
    FileUpload,
}

impl Tag {
    fn parse(name: &str) -> Option<Tag> {
        Some(match name {
            "Container" => Tag::Container,
            "Section" => Tag::Section,
            "Text" | "TextDisplay" => Tag::Text,
            "Thumbnail" => Tag::Thumbnail,
            "Gallery" | "MediaGallery" => Tag::Gallery,
            "Item" | "MediaGalleryItem" => Tag::Item,
            "File" => Tag::File,
            "Separator" => Tag::Separator,
            "Row" | "ActionRow" => Tag::Row,
            "Button" => Tag::Button,
            "StringSelect" | "Select" => Tag::StringSelect,
            "UserSelect" => Tag::UserSelect,
            "RoleSelect" => Tag::RoleSelect,
            "MentionableSelect" => Tag::MentionableSelect,
            "ChannelSelect" => Tag::ChannelSelect,
            "Option" => Tag::Option,
            "Modal" => Tag::Modal,
            "Label" => Tag::Label,
            "TextInput" => Tag::TextInput,
            "RadioGroup" => Tag::RadioGroup,
            "CheckboxGroup" => Tag::CheckboxGroup,
            "Checkbox" => Tag::Checkbox,
            "FileUpload" => Tag::FileUpload,
            _ => return None,
        })
    }

    fn is_select(self) -> bool {
        matches!(
            self,
            Tag::StringSelect
                | Tag::UserSelect
                | Tag::RoleSelect
                | Tag::MentionableSelect
                | Tag::ChannelSelect
        )
    }

    fn is_input(self) -> bool {
        self.is_select()
            || matches!(
                self,
                Tag::TextInput
                    | Tag::RadioGroup
                    | Tag::CheckboxGroup
                    | Tag::Checkbox
                    | Tag::FileUpload
            )
    }

    /// Whether the tag can be placed directly in `parent`
    fn allowed(self, parent: Parent) -> bool {
        let layout = matches!(
            self,
            Tag::Container
                | Tag::Text
                | Tag::Section
                | Tag::Gallery
                | Tag::File
                | Tag::Separator
                | Tag::Row
        );
        match parent {
            // A sub-View may be a single button or select meant for a row
            Parent::Top | Parent::Any => layout || self == Tag::Button || self.is_select(),
            Parent::Container => layout && self != Tag::Container,
            Parent::Section => self == Tag::Text,
            Parent::Row => self == Tag::Button || self.is_select(),
            Parent::Modal => matches!(self, Tag::Text | Tag::Label),
        }
    }

    fn placement(self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            Tag::Button => "`<Button>` goes in a `<Row>`, or in a `<Section>` as its accessory",
            Tag::Thumbnail => "`<Thumbnail>` goes in a `<Section>` as its accessory",
            Tag::Item => "`<Item>` goes in a `<Gallery>`",
            Tag::Option => "`<Option>` goes in a select, `<RadioGroup>` or `<CheckboxGroup>`",
            Tag::Modal => "`<Modal>` must be the only top-level tag of the markup",
            Tag::Label => "`<Label>` goes in a `<Modal>`",
            Tag::Container => "`<Container>` goes at the top of a message",
            tag if tag.is_select() => "selects go in a `<Row>`, or in a `<Label>` in a modal",
            tag if tag.is_input() => "inputs go in a `<Label>` in a `<Modal>`",
            _ => "it goes in a message, a `<Container>` or a `<Section>`",
        }
    }
}

/// One attribute: its `:`-separated key and its value (`None` for a flag)
struct Attr {
    key: Vec<Ident>,
    value: Option<Expr>,
    span: Span,
}

impl Attr {
    fn is(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
        self.key.len() == 1 && self.key[0] == name
    }

    fn name(&self) -> String {
        self.key
            .iter()
            .map(Ident::to_string)
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .join(":")
    }

    /// The value, `true` for a flag
    fn value_or_true(&self) -> TokenStream {
        match &self.value {
            Some(value) => value.to_token_stream(),
            None => quote_spanned!(self.span=> true),
        }
    }
}

/// An element's attributes, taken by name as the element is generated; the rest are assigned to
/// the component's fields
struct Attrs {
    list: Vec<Attr>,
    tag: String,
}

impl Attrs {
    fn new(el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>, tag: &str) -> syn::Result<Self> {
        let mut list: Vec<Attr> = Vec::new();
        for attribute in el.attributes() {
            let keyed = match attribute {
                NodeAttribute::Attribute(keyed) => keyed,
                NodeAttribute::Block(block) => {
                    return err(block.span(), "attributes are `name=value` or `name`");
                }
            };
            let key = attr_key(&keyed.key)?;
            let span = keyed.key.span();
            let value = match &keyed.possible_value {
                KeyedAttributeValue::None => None,
                KeyedAttributeValue::Value(value) => match &value.value {
                    KVAttributeValue::Expr(expr) => Some(unwrap_closure(expr)),
                    KVAttributeValue::InvalidBraced(block) => {
                        return err(block.brace.span.join(), "expected a Rust expression");
                    }
                },
                KeyedAttributeValue::Binding(binding) => {
                    return err(binding.paren.span.join(), "expected `name=value`");
                }
            };
            let attr = Attr { key, value, span };
            if list.iter().any(|other| other.name() == attr.name()) {
                return err(span, format!("duplicate attribute `{}`", attr.name()));
            }
            list.push(attr);
        }
        Ok(Self {
            list,
            tag: tag.to_string(),
        })
    }

    fn take(&mut self, names: &[&str]) -> Option<Attr> {
        let index = self
            .list
            .iter()
            .position(|attr| names.iter().any(|name| attr.is(name)))?;
        Some(self.list.remove(index))
    }

    fn has(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
        self.list.iter().any(|attr| attr.is(name))
    }

    fn value(&mut self, names: &[&str]) -> syn::Result<Option<(Span, Expr)>> {
        match self.take(names) {
            None => Ok(None),
            Some(Attr {
                value: Some(value),
                span,
                ..
            }) => Ok(Some((span, value))),
            Some(attr) => err(attr.span, format!("`{}` needs a value", attr.name())),
        }
    }

    fn required(&mut self, names: &[&str], what: &str) -> syn::Result<Expr> {
        match self.value(names)? {
            Some((_, value)) => Ok(value),
            None => err(
                Span::call_site(),
                format!("`<{}>` needs `{}` ({what})", self.tag, names[0]),
            ),
        }
    }

    fn flag(&mut self, name: &str) -> syn::Result<Option<Span>> {
        match self.take(&[name]) {
            None => Ok(None),
            Some(Attr {
                value: None, span, ..
            }) => Ok(Some(span)),
            Some(attr) => err(attr.span, format!("`{name}` takes no value")),
        }
    }

    fn event(&mut self) -> Option<Attr> {
        let index = self.list.iter().position(|attr| attr.key[0] == "on")?;
        Some(self.list.remove(index))
    }

    /// `#var.field = IntoAttr::into_attr(value);` for the remaining attributes, with `aliases`
    /// (`min` for `min_values`, ...)
    fn assign(self, var: &Ident, aliases: &[(&str, &str)]) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let c = cmd();
        let mut out = TokenStream::new();
        for attr in self.list {
            if attr.key.len() != 1 {
                return err(
                    attr.span,
                    format!("`<{}>` has no `{}` attribute", self.tag, attr.name()),
                );
            }
            let key = &attr.key[0];
            let field = match aliases.iter().find(|(alias, _)| key == alias) {
                Some((_, field)) => Ident::new(field, key.span()),
                None => key.clone(),
            };
            let value = attr.value_or_true();
            out.extend(quote_spanned! {attr.span=>
                #var.#field = #c::IntoAttr::into_attr(#value);
            });
        }
        Ok(out)
    }
}

fn attr_key(name: &NodeName) -> syn::Result<Vec<Ident>> {
    match name {
        NodeName::Path(path) if path.path.segments.len() == 1 => {
            Ok(vec![path.path.segments[0].ident.clone()])
        }
        NodeName::Punctuated(punctuated) => {
            let mut key = Vec::new();
            for pair in punctuated.pairs() {
                if let Some(punct) = pair.punct()
                    && punct.as_char() != ':'
                {
                    return err(punct.span(), "attribute names use `_`, e.g. `accent_color`");
                }
                match pair.value() {
                    NodeNameFragment::Ident(ident) => key.push(ident.clone()),
                    _ => return err(name.span(), "expected an attribute name"),
                }
            }
            Ok(key)
        }
        _ => err(name.span(), "expected an attribute name"),
    }
}

/// `{move |ctx: ComponentCtx<impl Platform>| ..}`: braces let a closure use `<..>` in markup
fn unwrap_closure(expr: &Expr) -> Expr {
    if let Expr::Block(block) = expr
        && block.block.stmts.len() == 1
        && let Stmt::Expr(inner @ Expr::Closure(_), None) = &block.block.stmts[0]
    {
        return inner.clone();
    }
    expr.clone()
}

fn is_comment(node: &Node) -> bool {
    match node {
        Node::Comment(_) => true,
        Node::RawText(raw) => raw.to_token_stream().is_empty(),
        _ => false,
    }
}

fn element_name(el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>) -> syn::Result<syn::Path> {
    match el.name() {
        NodeName::Path(path) => Ok(path.path.clone()),
        other => err(other.span(), "expected a tag name"),
    }
}

/// Every identifier `tokens` uses: not field labels or bindings (`name: ..`), but names inside
/// format strings
fn idents(tokens: TokenStream, out: &mut HashSet<String>) {
    let trees: Vec<TokenTree> = tokens.into_iter().collect();
    for (i, tree) in trees.iter().enumerate() {
        match tree {
            TokenTree::Ident(ident) => {
                let labeled = matches!(
                    (trees.get(i + 1), trees.get(i + 2)),
                    (Some(TokenTree::Punct(colon)), next)
                        if colon.as_char() == ':'
                            && colon.spacing() == proc_macro2::Spacing::Alone
                            && !matches!(next, Some(TokenTree::Punct(p)) if p.as_char() == ':')
                );
                if !labeled {
                    out.insert(ident.to_string());
                }
            }
            TokenTree::Group(group) => idents(group.stream(), out),
            // Inline format arguments: `format!("{id}")`
            TokenTree::Literal(literal) => {
                let text = literal.to_string();
                if text.ends_with('"') {
                    format_args(&text, out);
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
}

fn all_idents(tokens: TokenStream, out: &mut HashSet<String>) {
    for tree in tokens {
        match tree {
            TokenTree::Ident(ident) => {
                out.insert(ident.to_string());
            }
            TokenTree::Group(group) => all_idents(group.stream(), out),
            _ => {}
        }
    }
}

/// The names in `{name}` / `{name:..}` of a string literal
fn format_args(text: &str, out: &mut HashSet<String>) {
    let mut chars = text.chars().peekable();
    while let Some(c) = chars.next() {
        if c != '{' {
            continue;
        }
        if chars.peek() == Some(&'{') {
            chars.next();
            continue;
        }
        let mut name = String::new();
        while let Some(&c) = chars.peek() {
            if c.is_alphanumeric() || c == '_' {
                name.push(c);
                chars.next();
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        if !name.is_empty() && matches!(chars.peek(), Some('}' | ':')) {
            out.insert(name);
        }
    }
}

/// The expansion of an `rsx!` that `#[view]` expanded itself, still naming the macro so its import
/// counts as used
fn used(path: &syn::Path, tokens: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
    quote! {{
        #[allow(unused_imports)]
        use #path as _;
        #tokens
    }}
}

fn is_view_macro(path: &syn::Path) -> bool {
    path.segments.last().is_some_and(|s| s.ident == "rsx")
}

/// Expands the `rsx!` invocations in a `#[view]` body (and in markup blocks) with the View's
/// Scope, so inline handlers can be hoisted
struct Expander<'a> {
    gen_: &'a mut Gen,
}

impl VisitMut for Expander<'_> {
    fn visit_expr_mut(&mut self, expr: &mut Expr) {
        if let Expr::Macro(mac) = expr
            && is_view_macro(&mac.mac.path)
        {
            match self.gen_.view(mac.mac.tokens.clone()) {
                Ok(tokens) => *expr = Expr::Verbatim(used(&mac.mac.path, tokens)),
                Err(error) => {
                    self.gen_.error.get_or_insert(error);
                }
            }
            return;
        }
        visit_mut::visit_expr_mut(self, expr);
    }

    fn visit_stmt_mut(&mut self, stmt: &mut Stmt) {
        if let Stmt::Macro(mac) = stmt
            && is_view_macro(&mac.mac.path)
        {
            match self.gen_.view(mac.mac.tokens.clone()) {
                Ok(tokens) => {
                    *stmt = Stmt::Expr(Expr::Verbatim(used(&mac.mac.path, tokens)), mac.semi_token)
                }
                Err(error) => {
                    self.gen_.error.get_or_insert(error);
                }
            }
            return;
        }
        visit_mut::visit_stmt_mut(self, stmt);
    }
}

impl Gen {
    fn new(scope: Option<Scope>) -> Self {
        Self {
            scope,
            handlers: Vec::new(),
            names: HashSet::new(),
            views: Vec::new(),
            pre: Vec::new(),
            modal: None,
            next: 0,
            error: None,
        }
    }

    fn var(&mut self, name: &str) -> Ident {
        self.next += 1;
        Ident::new(&format!("__{name}{}", self.next), Span::mixed_site())
    }

    /// One `rsx!` invocation: a `View`, or a `ModalView` for a `<Modal>` root
    fn view(&mut self, tokens: TokenStream) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let nodes = rstml::parse2(tokens)?;
        self.pre.push(Vec::new());
        let cx = self.var("cx");
        let meaningful: Vec<&Node> = nodes.iter().filter(|node| !is_comment(node)).collect();
        let modal = match meaningful.as_slice() {
            [Node::Element(el)] if element_name(el)?.is_ident("Modal") => Some(el),
            _ => None,
        };
        let body = match modal {
            Some(el) => self.modal(el, &cx)?,
            None => {
                let children = self.children(&nodes, Parent::Top, &cx)?;
                quote!(#children #cx.view())
            }
        };
        let pre = self.pre.pop().expect("pushed above");
        let c = cmd();
        Ok(quote! {{
            #(#pre)*
            #[allow(unused_mut)]
            let mut #cx = #c::Children::default();
            #body
        }})
    }

    /// A `{..}` in the markup; nested `rsx!`s share this View's Scope
    fn block(&mut self, block: &NodeBlock) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let NodeBlock::ValidBlock(block) = block else {
            return Ok(block.to_token_stream());
        };
        let mut block = block.clone();
        if self.scope.is_some() {
            let mut expander = Expander { gen_: self };
            expander.visit_block_mut(&mut block);
            if let Some(error) = self.error.take() {
                return Err(error);
            }
        }
        // `{expr}` as the expression itself, so it is not linted as needless braces
        if let [Stmt::Expr(expr, None)] = block.stmts.as_slice() {
            return Ok(quote!((#expr)));
        }
        Ok(block.to_token_stream())
    }

    /// Statements adding `nodes` to the `cx` Children
    fn children<'n>(
        &mut self,
        nodes: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'n Node>,
        parent: Parent,
        cx: &Ident,
    ) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let c = cmd();
        let mut out = TokenStream::new();
        for node in nodes {
            match node {
                Node::Text(text) => {
                    if !parent.takes_text() {
                        return err(
                            text.value.span(),
                            format!("text cannot go {}", parent.describe()),
                        );
                    }
                    let text = &text.value;
                    out.extend(quote!(#cx.text(#text);));
                }
                Node::RawText(raw) if !raw.to_token_stream().is_empty() => {
                    return err(raw.span(), "put text in quotes: \"text\"");
                }
                Node::Block(block) => {
                    let expr = self.block(block)?;
                    out.extend(quote!(#c::IntoChildren::push_into(#expr, &mut #cx);));
                }
                Node::Fragment(fragment) => {
                    out.extend(self.children(&fragment.children, parent, cx)?);
                }
                Node::Element(el) => out.extend(self.element(el, parent, cx)?),
                Node::Doctype(doctype) => return err(doctype.span(), "unexpected doctype"),
                _ => {}
            }
        }
        Ok(out)
    }

    fn element(
        &mut self,
        el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>,
        parent: Parent,
        cx: &Ident,
    ) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let path = element_name(el)?;
        let span = el.name().span();
        let tag = match path
            .get_ident()
            .and_then(|ident| Tag::parse(&ident.to_string()))
        {
            Some(tag) => tag,
            None => {
                let last = &path.segments.last().expect("a path").ident;
                if last.to_string().starts_with(char::is_uppercase) {
                    return self.user_view(el, path, cx);
                }
                return err(span, format!("unknown tag `<{}>`", last));
            }
        };
        if !tag.allowed(parent) {
            return err(span, tag.placement());
        }
        let expr = self.component(el, tag, cx)?;
        let var = self.var("e");
        Ok(quote! {
            let #var = #expr;
            #cx.component(#var);
        })
    }

    /// An expression building the component for a built-in tag
    fn component(
        &mut self,
        el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>,
        tag: Tag,
        cx: &Ident,
    ) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let c = cmd();
        let t = types();
        let name = format!("{tag:?}");
        let mut attrs = Attrs::new(el, &name)?;
        let e = self.var("e");
        let span = el.name().span();
        let no_children = |el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>| -> syn::Result<()> {
            match el.children.iter().find(|node| !is_comment(node)) {
                Some(child) => err(child.span(), format!("`<{name}>` takes no children")),
                None => Ok(()),
            }
        };
        Ok(match tag {
            Tag::Container => {
                let inner = self.var("c");
                let body = self.children(&el.children, Parent::Container, &inner)?;
                let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[])?;
                quote! {{
                    #[allow(unused_mut)]
                    let mut #inner = #c::Children::default();
                    #body
                    #[allow(unused_mut)]
                    let mut #e = #t::Container::new(#cx.nested(#inner));
                    #assign
                    #t::Component::Container(#e)
                }}
            }
            Tag::Text => {
                let content = match attrs.value(&["content"])? {
                    Some((_, value)) => quote!(#value),
                    None => self
                        .text(&el.children, "Text")?
                        .unwrap_or_else(|| quote!(::std::string::String::new())),
                };
                let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[])?;
                quote! {{
                    #[allow(unused_mut)]
                    let mut #e = #t::TextDisplay::new(#content);
                    #assign
                    #t::Component::TextDisplay(#e)
                }}
            }
            Tag::Section => self.section(el, attrs, cx)?,
            Tag::Thumbnail | Tag::File => {
                no_children(el)?;
                let url = attrs.required(&["url"], "the media URL")?;
                let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[])?;
                let (ty, variant) = match tag {
                    Tag::Thumbnail => (quote!(Thumbnail), quote!(Thumbnail)),
                    _ => (quote!(FileComponent), quote!(File)),
                };
                quote! {{
                    #[allow(unused_mut)]
                    let mut #e = #t::#ty::new(#url);
                    #assign
                    #t::Component::#variant(#e)
                }}
            }
            Tag::Separator => {
                no_children(el)?;
                let spacing = match (attrs.flag("small")?, attrs.flag("large")?) {
                    (Some(_), Some(span)) => {
                        return err(span, "a separator is `small` or `large`");
                    }
                    (Some(_), None) => quote! {
                        #e.spacing = ::core::option::Option::Some(#t::SeparatorSpacing::Small);
                    },
                    (None, Some(_)) => quote! {
                        #e.spacing = ::core::option::Option::Some(#t::SeparatorSpacing::Large);
                    },
                    (None, None) => quote!(),
                };
                let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[])?;
                quote! {{
                    #[allow(unused_mut)]
                    let mut #e = #t::Separator::new();
                    #spacing
                    #assign
                    #t::Component::Separator(#e)
                }}
            }
            Tag::Gallery => {
                let items = self.var("items");
                let mut body = TokenStream::new();
                for node in &el.children {
                    match node {
                        Node::Element(item)
                            if element_name(item)?.is_ident("Item")
                                || element_name(item)?.is_ident("MediaGalleryItem") =>
                        {
                            let expr = self.item(item)?;
                            body.extend(quote!(#items.push(#expr);));
                        }
                        Node::Block(block) => {
                            let expr = self.block(block)?;
                            body.extend(quote!(::core::iter::Extend::extend(&mut #items, #expr);));
                        }
                        node if is_comment(node) => {}
                        other => {
                            return err(
                                other.span(),
                                "a `<Gallery>` takes `<Item url=..>`s and `{..}` of `MediaGalleryItem`s",
                            );
                        }
                    }
                }
                let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[])?;
                quote! {{
                    #[allow(unused_mut)]
                    let mut #items: ::std::vec::Vec<#t::MediaGalleryItem> = ::std::vec::Vec::new();
                    #body
                    #[allow(unused_mut)]
                    let mut #e = #t::MediaGallery::new(#items);
                    #assign
                    #t::Component::MediaGallery(#e)
                }}
            }
            Tag::Row => {
                let inner = self.var("c");
                let body = self.children(&el.children, Parent::Row, &inner)?;
                let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[])?;
                quote! {{
                    #[allow(unused_mut)]
                    let mut #inner = #c::Children::default();
                    #body
                    #[allow(unused_mut)]
                    let mut #e = #t::ActionRow::new(#cx.nested(#inner));
                    #assign
                    #t::Component::ActionRow(#e)
                }}
            }
            Tag::Button => self.button(el, attrs, cx)?,
            tag if tag.is_select() => self.select(el, tag, attrs, cx)?,
            Tag::Label => self.label(el, attrs, cx)?,
            tag if tag.is_input() => self.input(el, tag, attrs)?,
            Tag::Item | Tag::Option | Tag::Modal => return err(span, tag.placement()),
            _ => unreachable!("every tag is handled"),
        })
    }

    /// The text of a text-only element (`<Text>`, a button label, an option), or `None` without
    /// children
    fn text(&mut self, nodes: &[Node], tag: &str) -> syn::Result<Option<TokenStream>> {
        let text = self.var("t");
        let mut parts = TokenStream::new();
        let mut any = false;
        for node in nodes {
            match node {
                Node::Text(lit) => {
                    let lit = &lit.value;
                    parts.extend(quote!(#text.push_str(#lit);));
                    any = true;
                }
                Node::Block(block) => {
                    let c = cmd();
                    let expr = self.block(block)?;
                    parts.extend(quote!(#c::IntoText::push_text(#expr, &mut #text);));
                    any = true;
                }
                Node::RawText(raw) if !raw.to_token_stream().is_empty() => {
                    return err(raw.span(), "put text in quotes: \"text\"");
                }
                Node::Element(el) => {
                    return err(el.name().span(), format!("`<{tag}>` only takes text"));
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }
        Ok(any.then(|| {
            quote! {{
                let mut #text = ::std::string::String::new();
                #parts
                #text
            }}
        }))
    }

    fn section(
        &mut self,
        el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>,
        mut attrs: Attrs,
        cx: &Ident,
    ) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let c = cmd();
        let t = types();
        let mut accessory = None;
        let mut rest = Vec::new();
        for node in &el.children {
            if let Node::Element(child) = node {
                let path = element_name(child)?;
                if path.is_ident("Button") || path.is_ident("Thumbnail") {
                    if accessory.is_some() {
                        return err(
                            child.name().span(),
                            "a `<Section>` has one accessory: a `<Button>` or `<Thumbnail>`",
                        );
                    }
                    let tag = Tag::parse(&path.get_ident().expect("an ident").to_string())
                        .expect("a tag");
                    accessory = Some(self.component(child, tag, cx)?);
                    continue;
                }
            }
            rest.push(node);
        }
        let accessory = match (accessory, attrs.value(&["accessory"])?) {
            (Some(_), Some((span, _))) => {
                return err(
                    span,
                    "the accessory is already a `<Button>` or `<Thumbnail>` child",
                );
            }
            (Some(accessory), None) => accessory,
            (None, Some((_, value))) => {
                quote!(::core::convert::Into::<#t::Component>::into(#value))
            }
            (None, None) => {
                return err(
                    el.name().span(),
                    "a `<Section>` needs an accessory: a `<Button>` or `<Thumbnail>` child",
                );
            }
        };
        let inner = self.var("c");
        let body = self.children(rest, Parent::Section, &inner)?;
        let e = self.var("e");
        let acc = self.var("accessory");
        let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[])?;
        Ok(quote! {{
            #[allow(unused_mut)]
            let mut #inner = #c::Children::default();
            #body
            let #inner = #cx.nested(#inner);
            let #acc = #accessory;
            #[allow(unused_mut)]
            let mut #e = #t::Section::new(#inner, #acc);
            #assign
            #t::Component::Section(#e)
        }})
    }

    fn item(&mut self, el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let t = types();
        let mut attrs = Attrs::new(el, "Item")?;
        let url = attrs.required(&["url"], "the media URL")?;
        let e = self.var("e");
        let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[])?;
        Ok(quote! {{
            #[allow(unused_mut)]
            let mut #e = #t::MediaGalleryItem::new(#url);
            #assign
            #e
        }})
    }

    fn button(
        &mut self,
        el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>,
        mut attrs: Attrs,
        cx: &Ident,
    ) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let c = cmd();
        let t = types();
        let mut style_flag = None;
        for (flag, variant) in [
            ("primary", "Primary"),
            ("secondary", "Secondary"),
            ("success", "Success"),
            ("danger", "Danger"),
        ] {
            if let Some(span) = attrs.flag(flag)? {
                if style_flag.is_some() {
                    return err(span, "a button has one style");
                }
                style_flag = Some(Ident::new(variant, span));
            }
        }
        let style_attr = attrs.value(&["style"])?;
        let link = attrs.has("url");
        let premium = attrs.has("sku_id");
        let event = attrs.event();
        let custom_id = attrs.value(&["custom_id"])?;
        let label_attr = attrs.value(&["label"])?;
        let label_text = self.text(&el.children, "Button")?;
        let span = el.name().span();

        if (link || premium) && (event.is_some() || custom_id.is_some()) {
            return err(
                span,
                "a link or premium button cannot have `on:click` or a `custom_id`",
            );
        }
        if !link && !premium && event.is_none() && custom_id.is_none() {
            return err(
                span,
                "a `<Button>` needs `on:click`, a `custom_id`, or a `url`",
            );
        }
        let label = match (label_attr, label_text) {
            (Some((span, _)), Some(_)) => {
                return err(span, "the label is either `label` or the button's text");
            }
            (Some((_, value)), None) => {
                quote!(#c::IntoAttr::<::core::option::Option<::std::string::String>>::into_attr(#value))
            }
            (None, Some(text)) => quote!(::core::option::Option::Some(#text)),
            (None, None) => quote!(::core::option::Option::None),
        };
        let style = match (style_flag, style_attr) {
            (Some(_), Some((span, _))) => return err(span, "a button has one style"),
            (Some(variant), None) => quote!(#t::ButtonStyle::#variant),
            (None, Some((_, value))) => quote!(#c::IntoAttr::<#t::ButtonStyle>::into_attr(#value)),
            (None, None) if link => quote!(#t::ButtonStyle::Link),
            (None, None) if premium => quote!(#t::ButtonStyle::Premium),
            (None, None) => quote!(#t::ButtonStyle::Secondary),
        };
        let custom_id = match (event, custom_id) {
            (Some(_), Some((span, _))) => {
                return err(span, "the custom_id comes from `on:click`");
            }
            (Some(event), None) => {
                let (id, _) = self.event(event, Event::Click, "Button", cx)?;
                quote!(::core::option::Option::Some(#id))
            }
            (None, Some((_, value))) => {
                quote!(#c::IntoAttr::<::core::option::Option<::std::string::String>>::into_attr(#value))
            }
            (None, None) => quote!(::core::option::Option::None),
        };
        let e = self.var("e");
        let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[])?;
        Ok(quote! {{
            #[allow(unused_mut)]
            let mut #e = #t::ButtonComponent::new(
                #style,
                #label,
                ::core::option::Option::None,
                #custom_id,
                ::core::option::Option::None,
                ::core::option::Option::None,
            );
            #assign
            #t::Component::Button(#e)
        }})
    }

    /// The `custom_id` (a `String` expression) for an `on:<event>` attribute: a reference to a
    /// handler (`on:click=like(likes)`), or an inline handler (`on:click:like=|ctx| ..`), hoisted.
    /// Returns the inline handler's index.
    fn event(
        &mut self,
        attr: Attr,
        expected: Event,
        tag: &str,
        cx: &Ident,
    ) -> syn::Result<(TokenStream, Option<usize>)> {
        let event = attr.key.get(1).map(Ident::to_string);
        if event.as_deref() != Some(expected.name()) {
            return err(
                attr.span,
                format!("`<{tag}>` answers `on:{}`", expected.name()),
            );
        }
        let key_name = attr.name();
        let Some(value) = attr.value else {
            return err(attr.span, format!("`{key_name}` needs a handler"));
        };
        match attr.key.len() {
            2 => {
                let custom_id = match &value {
                    Expr::Call(call) => {
                        let func = &call.func;
                        let args = &call.args;
                        quote!(#func::custom_id(#args))
                    }
                    Expr::Path(path) => quote!(#path::custom_id()),
                    other => {
                        return err(
                            other.span(),
                            format!(
                                "expected a handler with its state, like `like(likes)`, or an inline handler: `on:{}:name=|ctx| ..`",
                                expected.name()
                            ),
                        );
                    }
                };
                Ok((quote!(#cx.id(#custom_id)), None))
            }
            3 => {
                let Expr::Closure(closure) = value else {
                    return err(
                        value.span(),
                        format!(
                            "an inline handler is a closure: `on:{}:{}=move |ctx| ..` (in braces if its types use `<..>`)",
                            expected.name(),
                            attr.key[2]
                        ),
                    );
                };
                let var = self.inline(attr.key[2].clone(), expected, closure)?;
                Ok((quote!(#cx.id(#var)), Some(self.handlers.len() - 1)))
            }
            _ => err(attr.span, "expected `on:event` or `on:event:name`"),
        }
    }

    /// Registers an inline handler and returns the variable holding its `custom_id`
    fn inline(&mut self, name: Ident, event: Event, closure: ExprClosure) -> syn::Result<Ident> {
        let Some(scope) = &self.scope else {
            return err(
                name.span(),
                "inline handlers need the markup to be in a `#[view]` function",
            );
        };
        if scope.modal != (event == Event::Submit) {
            return err(
                name.span(),
                "`on:submit` goes on a modal View's `<Modal>`, `on:click` and `on:select` in message Views",
            );
        }
        let handler_name = name.to_string();
        if !self.names.insert(handler_name.clone()) {
            return err(
                name.span(),
                format!(
                    "`{}` already has a handler named `{handler_name}`",
                    scope.name
                ),
            );
        }

        let ctx_name = match event {
            Event::Submit => "ModalCtx",
            _ => "ComponentCtx",
        };
        let mut inputs = closure.inputs.iter();
        let (ctx_pat, ctx_ty) = match inputs.next() {
            None => (None, None),
            Some(Pat::Type(typed)) => {
                if !is_ctx(&typed.ty, ctx_name) {
                    return err(
                        typed.ty.span(),
                        format!("the first parameter is the `{ctx_name}`"),
                    );
                }
                (Some((*typed.pat).clone()), Some((*typed.ty).clone()))
            }
            Some(pat) => (Some(pat.clone()), None),
        };
        let mut typed = Vec::new();
        for input in inputs {
            let Pat::Type(param) = input else {
                return err(input.span(), "give the parameter a type: `name: Type`");
            };
            let Pat::Ident(ident) = &*param.pat else {
                return err(param.pat.span(), "parameters must be plain names");
            };
            typed.push((ident.ident.clone(), (*param.ty).clone()));
        }
        match event {
            Event::Click if !typed.is_empty() => {
                return err(typed[0].0.span(), "`on:click` handlers take only `ctx`");
            }
            Event::Select if typed.len() > 1 => {
                return err(
                    typed[1].0.span(),
                    "`on:select` handlers take `ctx` and the selected values",
                );
            }
            _ => {}
        }

        let mut used = HashSet::new();
        idents(closure.body.to_token_stream(), &mut used);
        let mut params = HashSet::new();
        for input in &closure.inputs {
            let pat = match input {
                Pat::Type(typed) => &*typed.pat,
                other => other,
            };
            all_idents(pat.to_token_stream(), &mut params);
        }
        let mut captured = Vec::new();
        for prop in &scope.props {
            let prop_name = prop.name.to_string();
            if used.contains(&prop_name) && !params.contains(&prop_name) {
                if prop.kind == PropKind::Children {
                    return err(
                        name.span(),
                        "handlers cannot use `children`: it is not carried in the custom_id",
                    );
                }
                captured.push((prop.name.clone(), prop.ty.clone()));
            }
        }

        let c = cmd();
        let full = format!("{}:{handler_name}", scope.prefix);
        let var = self.var("id");
        let names = captured.iter().map(|(name, _)| name);
        self.pre.last_mut().expect("inside a view").push(quote! {
            let #var = #c::custom_id::encode(#full, &(#(&#names,)*));
        });
        let asyncness = closure.asyncness.is_some();
        self.handlers.push(Handler {
            name: handler_name,
            event,
            captured,
            ctx_pat,
            ctx_ty,
            typed,
            body: *closure.body,
            asyncness,
        });
        Ok(var)
    }

    fn select(
        &mut self,
        el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>,
        tag: Tag,
        mut attrs: Attrs,
        cx: &Ident,
    ) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let c = cmd();
        let t = types();
        let name = format!("{tag:?}");
        let (custom_id, value_ty, modal) = if self.modal.is_some() {
            if let Some(event) = attrs.event() {
                return err(
                    event.span,
                    "inputs in a modal are read by the `<Modal>`'s `on:submit`",
                );
            }
            let input = self.input_name(&mut attrs, &name)?;
            let ty = self.modal_param(&input)?;
            (quote!(::std::string::String::from(#input)), ty, true)
        } else {
            match (attrs.event(), attrs.value(&["custom_id"])?) {
                (Some(_), Some((span, _))) => {
                    return err(span, "the custom_id comes from `on:select`");
                }
                (Some(event), None) => {
                    let (id, handler) = self.event(event, Event::Select, &name, cx)?;
                    let ty = handler
                        .and_then(|i| self.handlers[i].typed.first().map(|(_, ty)| ty.clone()));
                    (id, ty, false)
                }
                (None, Some((_, value))) => (
                    quote!(#c::IntoAttr::<::std::string::String>::into_attr(#value)),
                    None,
                    false,
                ),
                (None, None) => {
                    return err(
                        el.name().span(),
                        format!("a `<{name}>` needs `on:select` or a `custom_id`"),
                    );
                }
            }
        };
        let e = self.var("e");
        let (n, variant, options) = match tag {
            Tag::StringSelect => {
                let options = self.var("options");
                let body = self.options(el, &mut attrs, &options, false)?;
                (
                    3u8,
                    quote!(StringSelect),
                    Some((
                        quote! {
                            let mut #options: ::std::vec::Vec<#t::SelectOption> = ::std::vec::Vec::new();
                            #body
                        },
                        options,
                    )),
                )
            }
            other => {
                if let Some(child) = el.children.iter().find(|node| !is_comment(node)) {
                    return err(child.span(), format!("a `<{name}>` takes no children"));
                }
                let (n, variant) = match other {
                    Tag::UserSelect => (5, quote!(UserSelect)),
                    Tag::RoleSelect => (6, quote!(RoleSelect)),
                    Tag::MentionableSelect => (7, quote!(MentionableSelect)),
                    _ => (8, quote!(ChannelSelect)),
                };
                (n, variant, None)
            }
        };
        let (options_init, options_arg) = match &options {
            Some((init, var)) => (init.clone(), quote!(::core::option::Option::Some(#var))),
            None => (quote!(), quote!(::core::option::Option::None)),
        };
        let typed = value_ty.map(|ty| {
            let (trait_, extra) = if modal {
                let shape = shape_check(
                    &ty,
                    "VALUES",
                    &format!("a `<{name}>` submits selections (a value, Option, or Vec)"),
                );
                (
                    quote!(#c::ModalValue),
                    quote! {
                        #shape
                        #e.required = #c::required::<#ty>();
                    },
                )
            } else {
                (quote!(#c::SelectValue), quote!())
            };
            quote! {
                if <#ty as #trait_>::MANY {
                    let all = #e.options.as_ref().map_or(25, ::std::vec::Vec::len).min(25);
                    #e.max_values = ::core::option::Option::Some(all as i32);
                }
                #extra
            }
        });
        let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[("min", "min_values"), ("max", "max_values")])?;
        Ok(quote! {{
            #options_init
            #[allow(unused_mut)]
            let mut #e = #t::SelectMenu::<#n>::new(
                #custom_id,
                #options_arg,
                ::core::option::Option::None,
                ::core::option::Option::None,
                ::core::option::Option::None,
                ::core::option::Option::None,
                ::core::option::Option::None,
            );
            #typed
            #assign
            #t::Component::#variant(#e)
        }})
    }

    /// Statements filling `var` with the options of a select (`group` false) or a radio or
    /// checkbox group: `options=ChoiceEnum`, `<Option>` children, `{..}` of options
    fn options(
        &mut self,
        el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>,
        attrs: &mut Attrs,
        var: &Ident,
        group: bool,
    ) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let c = cmd();
        let t = types();
        let mut out = TokenStream::new();
        if let Some((span, choice)) = attrs.value(&["options"])? {
            let ty: Type = syn::parse2(choice.to_token_stream())
                .map_err(|_| syn::Error::new(span, "`options` is a #[derive(Choice)] enum"))?;
            let option = if group {
                quote!(#t::GroupOption::new(*label, *value))
            } else {
                quote!(#t::SelectOption::new(
                    ::std::string::ToString::to_string(label),
                    ::std::string::ToString::to_string(value),
                    ::core::option::Option::None,
                    ::core::option::Option::None,
                    ::core::option::Option::None,
                ))
            };
            out.extend(quote! {
                ::core::iter::Extend::extend(
                    &mut #var,
                    #c::choice_options::<#ty>().iter().map(|(label, value)| #option),
                );
            });
        }
        for node in &el.children {
            match node {
                Node::Element(option) if element_name(option)?.is_ident("Option") => {
                    let expr = self.option(option, group)?;
                    out.extend(quote!(#var.push(#expr);));
                }
                Node::Block(block) => {
                    let expr = self.block(block)?;
                    out.extend(quote!(::core::iter::Extend::extend(&mut #var, #expr);));
                }
                node if is_comment(node) => {}
                other => {
                    return err(
                        other.span(),
                        "options are `<Option value=..>\"Label\"</Option>`, `{..}` of options, or `options=ChoiceEnum`",
                    );
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(out)
    }

    fn option(
        &mut self,
        el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>,
        group: bool,
    ) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let c = cmd();
        let t = types();
        let mut attrs = Attrs::new(el, "Option")?;
        let value = attrs.required(&["value"], "what the option submits")?;
        let label = match (attrs.value(&["label"])?, self.text(&el.children, "Option")?) {
            (Some((span, _)), Some(_)) => {
                return err(span, "the label is either `label` or the option's text");
            }
            (Some((_, label)), None) => {
                quote!(#c::IntoAttr::<::std::string::String>::into_attr(#label))
            }
            (None, Some(text)) => text,
            (None, None) => {
                return err(
                    el.name().span(),
                    "an `<Option>` needs a label: its text or `label`",
                );
            }
        };
        let e = self.var("e");
        let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[])?;
        let new = if group {
            quote!(#t::GroupOption::new(#label, #c::IntoAttr::<::std::string::String>::into_attr(#value)))
        } else {
            quote!(#t::SelectOption::new(
                #label,
                #c::IntoAttr::<::std::string::String>::into_attr(#value),
                ::core::option::Option::None,
                ::core::option::Option::None,
                ::core::option::Option::None,
            ))
        };
        Ok(quote! {{
            #[allow(unused_mut)]
            let mut #e = #new;
            #assign
            #e
        }})
    }

    fn modal(
        &mut self,
        el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>,
        cx: &Ident,
    ) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let c = cmd();
        let t = types();
        let mut attrs = Attrs::new(el, "Modal")?;
        let title = attrs.required(&["title"], "shown at the top, max 45 characters")?;
        let (custom_id, params) = match (attrs.event(), attrs.value(&["custom_id"])?) {
            (Some(_), Some((span, _))) => {
                return err(span, "the custom_id comes from `on:submit`");
            }
            (Some(event), None) => {
                let (id, handler) = self.event(event, Event::Submit, "Modal", cx)?;
                (id, handler.map(|i| self.handlers[i].typed.clone()))
            }
            (None, Some((_, value))) => (
                quote!(#c::IntoAttr::<::std::string::String>::into_attr(#value)),
                None,
            ),
            (None, None) => {
                return err(
                    el.name().span(),
                    "a `<Modal>` needs `on:submit` or a `custom_id`",
                );
            }
        };
        if let Some(attr) = attrs.list.first() {
            return err(
                attr.span,
                format!("`<Modal>` has no `{}` attribute", attr.name()),
            );
        }
        self.modal = Some(ModalScope {
            strict: params.is_some(),
            params: params
                .unwrap_or_default()
                .into_iter()
                .map(|(name, ty)| (name, ty, false))
                .collect(),
        });
        let body = self.children(&el.children, Parent::Modal, cx);
        let scope = self.modal.take().expect("set above");
        let body = body?;
        if let Some((name, _, _)) = scope.params.iter().find(|(_, _, used)| !used) {
            return err(
                name.span(),
                format!("no input in this modal has `name=\"{name}\"`"),
            );
        }
        let id = self.var("id");
        Ok(quote! {
            let #id = #custom_id;
            #body
            #cx.modal(#t::ModalCallbackData {
                custom_id: #id,
                title: #c::IntoAttr::<::std::string::String>::into_attr(#title),
                components: ::core::option::Option::None,
                tts: ::core::option::Option::None,
                content: ::core::option::Option::None,
                embeds: ::core::option::Option::None,
                allowed_mentions: ::core::option::Option::None,
                flags: ::core::option::Option::None,
            })
        })
    }

    fn label(
        &mut self,
        el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>,
        mut attrs: Attrs,
        cx: &Ident,
    ) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let c = cmd();
        let t = types();
        let text = attrs.required(&["text", "label"], "shown above the input")?;
        let mut input = None;
        for node in &el.children {
            match node {
                Node::Element(child) => {
                    if input.is_some() {
                        return err(child.name().span(), "a `<Label>` holds one input");
                    }
                    let path = element_name(child)?;
                    let tag = path
                        .get_ident()
                        .and_then(|ident| Tag::parse(&ident.to_string()))
                        .filter(|tag| tag.is_input());
                    let Some(tag) = tag else {
                        return err(
                            child.name().span(),
                            "a `<Label>` holds an input: `<TextInput>`, a select, `<RadioGroup>`, `<CheckboxGroup>`, `<Checkbox>` or `<FileUpload>`",
                        );
                    };
                    input = Some(self.component(child, tag, cx)?);
                }
                node if is_comment(node) => {}
                other => return err(other.span(), "a `<Label>` holds one input"),
            }
        }
        let Some(input) = input else {
            return err(el.name().span(), "a `<Label>` holds one input");
        };
        let e = self.var("e");
        let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[])?;
        Ok(quote! {{
            let #e = #input;
            #[allow(unused_mut)]
            let mut #e = #t::Label::new(#c::IntoAttr::<::std::string::String>::into_attr(#text), #e);
            #assign
            #t::Component::Label(#e)
        }})
    }

    /// A modal input's `name` (its `custom_id`), a string literal
    fn input_name(&mut self, attrs: &mut Attrs, tag: &str) -> syn::Result<LitStr> {
        match attrs.value(&["name"])? {
            Some((
                _,
                Expr::Lit(syn::ExprLit {
                    lit: syn::Lit::Str(name),
                    ..
                }),
            )) => Ok(name),
            Some((span, _)) => err(span, "`name` is a string literal"),
            None => err(
                Span::call_site(),
                format!(
                    "a `<{tag}>` in a modal needs `name=\"..\"`, matching an `on:submit` parameter"
                ),
            ),
        }
    }

    /// The submit parameter's type for the input named `name`
    fn modal_param(&mut self, name: &LitStr) -> syn::Result<Option<Type>> {
        let scope = self.modal.as_mut().expect("in a modal");
        let value = name.value();
        match scope
            .params
            .iter_mut()
            .find(|(param, _, _)| *param == value)
        {
            Some((_, _, true)) => err(name.span(), format!("two inputs are named `{value}`")),
            Some((_, ty, used)) => {
                *used = true;
                Ok(Some(ty.clone()))
            }
            None if scope.strict => err(
                name.span(),
                format!("the `on:submit` handler has no `{value}: Type` parameter"),
            ),
            None => Ok(None),
        }
    }

    /// A modal input other than a select
    fn input(
        &mut self,
        el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>,
        tag: Tag,
        mut attrs: Attrs,
    ) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let c = cmd();
        let t = types();
        let name_str = format!("{tag:?}");
        if self.modal.is_none() {
            return err(el.name().span(), tag.placement());
        }
        if let Some(event) = attrs.event() {
            return err(
                event.span,
                "inputs in a modal are read by the `<Modal>`'s `on:submit`",
            );
        }
        let name = self.input_name(&mut attrs, &name_str)?;
        let ty = self.modal_param(&name)?;
        let e = self.var("e");
        let required = |shape: &str, expected: &str| {
            ty.as_ref().map(|ty| {
                let check = shape_check(ty, shape, expected);
                quote! {
                    #check
                    #e.required = #c::required::<#ty>();
                }
            })
        };
        let many = |max: u8| {
            ty.as_ref().map(|ty| {
                quote! {
                    if <#ty as #c::ModalValue>::MANY && #e.max_values.is_none() {
                        #e.max_values = ::core::option::Option::Some(#max);
                    }
                }
            })
        };
        let no_children = || match el.children.iter().find(|node| !is_comment(node)) {
            Some(child) => err(child.span(), format!("a `<{name_str}>` takes no children")),
            None => Ok(()),
        };
        Ok(match tag {
            Tag::TextInput => {
                no_children()?;
                let style = match (attrs.flag("paragraph")?, attrs.value(&["style"])?) {
                    (Some(_), Some((span, _))) => {
                        return err(span, "use `paragraph` or `style`");
                    }
                    (Some(_), None) => quote!(#t::TextInputStyle::Paragraph),
                    (None, Some((_, style))) => {
                        quote!(#c::IntoAttr::<#t::TextInputStyle>::into_attr(#style))
                    }
                    (None, None) => quote!(#t::TextInputStyle::Short),
                };
                let required = required(
                    "TEXT",
                    "a text input submits a single value (String, Option<String>, or a Choice enum)",
                );
                let assign =
                    attrs.assign(&e, &[("min_len", "min_length"), ("max_len", "max_length")])?;
                quote! {{
                    let mut #e = #t::TextInput::new(
                        ::std::string::String::from(#name),
                        #style,
                        ::std::string::String::new(),
                        ::core::option::Option::None,
                        ::core::option::Option::None,
                        ::core::option::Option::None,
                        ::core::option::Option::None,
                        ::core::option::Option::None,
                    );
                    #e.label = ::core::option::Option::None;
                    #required
                    #assign
                    #t::Component::TextInput(#e)
                }}
            }
            Tag::RadioGroup | Tag::CheckboxGroup => {
                let options = self.var("options");
                let body = self.options(el, &mut attrs, &options, true)?;
                let (ty_name, required) = if tag == Tag::RadioGroup {
                    (
                        quote!(RadioGroup),
                        required(
                            "TEXT",
                            "a radio group submits a single value (String, Option<String>, or a Choice enum)",
                        ),
                    )
                } else {
                    (
                        quote!(CheckboxGroup),
                        required(
                            "VALUES",
                            "a checkbox group submits selections (a value, Option, or Vec)",
                        ),
                    )
                };
                let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[("min", "min_values"), ("max", "max_values")])?;
                quote! {{
                    let mut #options: ::std::vec::Vec<#t::GroupOption> = ::std::vec::Vec::new();
                    #body
                    #[allow(unused_mut)]
                    let mut #e = #t::#ty_name::new(#name, #options);
                    #required
                    #assign
                    #t::Component::#ty_name(#e)
                }}
            }
            Tag::Checkbox => {
                no_children()?;
                let check = ty
                    .as_ref()
                    .map(|ty| shape_check(ty, "CHECKED", "a checkbox submits a bool"));
                let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[])?;
                quote! {{
                    #check
                    #[allow(unused_mut)]
                    let mut #e = #t::Checkbox::new(#name);
                    #assign
                    #t::Component::Checkbox(#e)
                }}
            }
            Tag::FileUpload => {
                no_children()?;
                let required = required(
                    "VALUES",
                    "a file upload submits attachments (Attachment, Option, or Vec)",
                );
                let assign = attrs.assign(&e, &[("min", "min_values"), ("max", "max_values")])?;
                let many = many(10);
                quote! {{
                    #[allow(unused_mut)]
                    let mut #e = #t::FileUpload::new(#name);
                    #required
                    #assign
                    #many
                    #t::Component::FileUpload(#e)
                }}
            }
            _ => unreachable!("selects are handled by `select`"),
        })
    }

    /// `<Card title=.. likes=3/>`: a user View, built through its Props builder
    fn user_view(
        &mut self,
        el: &NodeElement<rstml::Infallible>,
        path: syn::Path,
        cx: &Ident,
    ) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
        let c = cmd();
        let attrs = Attrs::new(el, &path.to_token_stream().to_string())?;
        let mut setters = TokenStream::new();
        for attr in attrs.list {
            if attr.key.len() != 1 {
                return err(
                    attr.span,
                    "events go on components; give the View a handler instead",
                );
            }
            let key = &attr.key[0];
            let value = attr.value_or_true();
            setters.extend(quote_spanned!(attr.span=> .#key(#value)));
        }
        let children: Vec<&Node> = el.children.iter().filter(|n| !is_comment(n)).collect();
        if !children.is_empty() {
            let inner = self.var("c");
            let body = self.children(children, Parent::Any, &inner)?;
            setters.extend(quote! {
                .children({
                    #[allow(unused_mut)]
                    let mut #inner = #c::Children::default();
                    #body
                    #inner.view()
                })
            });
        }
        let is_self = self
            .scope
            .as_ref()
            .is_some_and(|scope| path.is_ident(&scope.name));
        if !is_self
            && !self.views.iter().any(|view| {
                view.to_token_stream().to_string() == path.to_token_stream().to_string()
            })
        {
            self.views.push(path.clone());
        }
        let var = self.var("v");
        Ok(quote! {
            let #var = #path::builder() #setters .build();
            #c::IntoChildren::push_into(#var, &mut #cx);
        })
    }
}

/// A compile-time check that a submit parameter's type reads what its input submits
fn shape_check(ty: &Type, shape: &str, expected: &str) -> TokenStream {
    let c = cmd();
    let shape = Ident::new(shape, Span::call_site());
    let message = format!("`{}`: {expected}", ty.to_token_stream());
    quote_spanned! {ty.span()=>
        const _: () = ::core::assert!(
            <#ty as #c::ModalValue>::SHAPE & #c::shape::#shape != 0,
            #message,
        );
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
enum PropKind {
    Required,
    /// `Option<T>`: `None` when left out
    Optional,
    /// `#[prop(default = ..)]`
    Default,
    /// `children: View`: the tag's children
    Children,
}

struct Prop {
    name: Ident,
    ty: Type,
    kind: PropKind,
    default: Option<Expr>,
}

fn is_option(ty: &Type) -> bool {
    matches!(ty, Type::Path(path) if path.qself.is_none()
        && path.path.segments.last().is_some_and(|s| s.ident == "Option"
            && matches!(s.arguments, PathArguments::AngleBracketed(_))))
}

/// `#[view]`: keeps the function, adds a same-named Props struct (with a builder for markup), and
/// hoists the inline handlers of its `rsx!`s into a `ViewHandler`
pub fn expand_attr(args: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
    let mut prefix: Option<LitStr> = None;
    if !args.is_empty() {
        let parser = syn::meta::parser(|meta| {
            if meta.path.is_ident("prefix") {
                prefix = Some(meta.value()?.parse()?);
                Ok(())
            } else {
                Err(meta.error("expected `prefix = \"...\"`"))
            }
        });
        syn::parse::Parser::parse2(parser, args)?;
    }

    let mut function: ItemFn = syn::parse2(item)?;
    let name = function.sig.ident.clone();
    let vis = function.vis.clone();
    if let Some(token) = function.sig.asyncness {
        return err(
            token.span,
            "Views render synchronously: handlers can be async",
        );
    }
    if !function.sig.generics.params.is_empty() {
        return err(function.sig.generics.span(), "Views cannot be generic");
    }
    let return_ty = match &function.sig.output {
        ReturnType::Type(_, ty) => (**ty).clone(),
        ReturnType::Default => {
            return err(function.sig.span(), "a View returns `View` or `ModalView`");
        }
    };
    let modal = match &return_ty {
        Type::Path(path) if path.path.segments.last().is_some_and(|s| s.ident == "View") => false,
        Type::Path(path)
            if path
                .path
                .segments
                .last()
                .is_some_and(|s| s.ident == "ModalView") =>
        {
            true
        }
        other => return err(other.span(), "a View returns `View` or `ModalView`"),
    };

    let mut props = Vec::new();
    for input in function.sig.inputs.iter_mut() {
        let FnArg::Typed(param) = input else {
            return err(input.span(), "Views cannot take `self`");
        };
        let Pat::Ident(pat) = &*param.pat else {
            return err(param.pat.span(), "Props must be plain names");
        };
        if matches!(*param.ty, Type::Reference(_)) {
            return err(
                param.ty.span(),
                "Props are owned (handlers decode them from the custom_id): use `String`, not `&str`",
            );
        }
        let mut default = None;
        let mut error = None;
        param.attrs.retain(|attr| {
            if !attr.path().is_ident("prop") {
                return true;
            }
            if let Err(e) = attr.parse_nested_meta(|meta| {
                if meta.path.is_ident("default") {
                    default = Some(meta.value()?.parse::<Expr>()?);
                    Ok(())
                } else {
                    Err(meta.error("expected `default = ...`"))
                }
            }) {
                error = Some(e);
            }
            false
        });
        if let Some(error) = error {
            return Err(error);
        }
        let kind = if pat.ident == "children" {
            PropKind::Children
        } else if default.is_some() {
            PropKind::Default
        } else if is_option(&param.ty) {
            PropKind::Optional
        } else {
            PropKind::Required
        };
        props.push(Prop {
            name: pat.ident.clone(),
            ty: (*param.ty).clone(),
            kind,
            default,
        });
    }

    let prefix = match prefix {
        Some(prefix) => prefix,
        None => LitStr::new(&snake_case(&name), name.span()),
    };
    let prefix_value = prefix.value();
    if prefix_value.is_empty() || prefix_value.contains([':', '\\']) {
        return err(
            prefix.span(),
            "the prefix must be non-empty, without `:` or `\\`",
        );
    }

    let mut gen_ = Gen::new(Some(Scope {
        name: name.clone(),
        prefix: prefix_value,
        props,
        modal,
    }));
    let mut expander = Expander { gen_: &mut gen_ };
    expander.visit_block_mut(&mut function.block);
    if let Some(error) = gen_.error.take() {
        return Err(error);
    }
    let scope = gen_.scope.take().expect("set above");

    let c = cmd();
    let t = types();
    let docs: Vec<_> = function
        .attrs
        .iter()
        .filter(|attr| attr.path().is_ident("doc"))
        .collect();
    let prop_names: Vec<_> = scope.props.iter().map(|p| &p.name).collect();
    let prop_types: Vec<_> = scope.props.iter().map(|p| &p.ty).collect();

    let builder = props_builder(&name, &vis, &scope.props);

    let message_impls = (!modal).then(|| {
        quote! {
            impl #c::IntoChildren for #name {
                fn push_into(self, children: &mut #c::Children) {
                    #c::IntoChildren::push_into(self.render(), children)
                }
            }

            impl #c::Rerender for #name {
                fn rerender(
                    self,
                ) -> ::core::result::Result<#t::InteractionResponse, #c::HandlerError> {
                    #c::Rerender::rerender(self.render())
                }
            }
        }
    });

    let handled = !gen_.handlers.is_empty();
    let views = &gen_.views;
    let handler = view_handler(&name, &prefix, &gen_.handlers)?;
    let route = crate::app::view_route(&name);

    Ok(quote! {
        #[allow(non_snake_case)]
        #function

        #(#docs)*
        #[allow(dead_code)]
        #vis struct #name {
            #(pub #prop_names: #prop_types,)*
        }

        #builder

        impl #name {
            /// This View rendered from these Props
            #[allow(dead_code)]
            #vis fn render(self) -> #return_ty {
                #name(#(self.#prop_names),*)
            }
        }

        #message_impls

        impl #c::IntoResponse for #name {
            fn into_response(self) -> #t::InteractionResponse {
                #c::IntoResponse::into_response(self.render())
            }

            fn try_into_response(
                self,
            ) -> ::core::result::Result<#t::InteractionResponse, #c::HandlerError> {
                #c::IntoResponse::try_into_response(self.render())
            }
        }

        impl #c::ViewDefinition for #name {
            const INFO: #c::ViewInfo = #c::ViewInfo {
                prefix: #prefix,
                handled: #handled,
                views: &[#(<#views as #c::ViewDefinition>::INFO),*],
            };
        }

        #handler
        #route
    })
}

/// A typestate builder for markup (`<Card title=.. likes=3/>`): required Props change the type
/// when set, so `build` exists only once all are
fn props_builder(name: &Ident, vis: &syn::Visibility, props: &[Prop]) -> TokenStream {
    let c = cmd();
    let builder = format_ident!("__{}Builder", name);
    let required: Vec<usize> = props
        .iter()
        .enumerate()
        .filter(|(_, p)| p.kind == PropKind::Required)
        .map(|(i, _)| i)
        .collect();
    let param = |i: usize| format_ident!("__P{}", i);
    let missing = |p: &Prop| format_ident!("__{}_missing_{}", name, p.name);

    let fields = props.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, p)| {
        let field = &p.name;
        if p.kind == PropKind::Required {
            let param = param(i);
            quote!(#field: #param)
        } else {
            let ty = &p.ty;
            quote!(#field: #ty)
        }
    });
    let params: Vec<_> = required.iter().map(|&i| param(i)).collect();
    let markers: Vec<_> = required.iter().map(|&i| missing(&props[i])).collect();
    let initial = props.iter().map(|p| {
        let field = &p.name;
        match p.kind {
            PropKind::Required => {
                let marker = missing(p);
                quote!(#field: #marker)
            }
            PropKind::Optional => quote!(#field: ::core::option::Option::None),
            PropKind::Default => {
                let default = p.default.as_ref().expect("a default");
                quote!(#field: #default)
            }
            PropKind::Children => quote!(#field: ::core::default::Default::default()),
        }
    });

    let setters = props.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, p)| {
        let field = &p.name;
        let ty = &p.ty;
        if p.kind != PropKind::Required {
            return quote! {
                impl<#(#params),*> #builder<#(#params),*> {
                    #[allow(dead_code)]
                    #vis fn #field(mut self, value: impl #c::IntoAttr<#ty>) -> Self {
                        self.#field = #c::IntoAttr::into_attr(value);
                        self
                    }
                }
            };
        }
        let others: Vec<_> = required
            .iter()
            .filter(|&&j| j != i)
            .map(|&j| param(j))
            .collect();
        let before: Vec<TokenStream> = required
            .iter()
            .map(|&j| {
                if j == i {
                    missing(&props[j]).to_token_stream()
                } else {
                    param(j).to_token_stream()
                }
            })
            .collect();
        let after: Vec<TokenStream> = required
            .iter()
            .map(|&j| {
                if j == i {
                    ty.to_token_stream()
                } else {
                    param(j).to_token_stream()
                }
            })
            .collect();
        let moves = props.iter().map(|other| {
            let other_field = &other.name;
            if other.name == p.name {
                quote!(#other_field: #c::IntoAttr::into_attr(value))
            } else {
                quote!(#other_field: self.#other_field)
            }
        });
        quote! {
            impl<#(#others),*> #builder<#(#before),*> {
                #[allow(dead_code)]
                #vis fn #field(self, value: impl #c::IntoAttr<#ty>) -> #builder<#(#after),*> {
                    #builder { #(#moves),* }
                }
            }
        }
    });

    let built: Vec<_> = required.iter().map(|&i| &props[i].ty).collect();
    let all: Vec<_> = props.iter().map(|p| &p.name).collect();
    quote! {
        #(
            #[doc(hidden)]
            #[allow(non_camel_case_types, dead_code)]
            #vis struct #markers;
        )*

        #[doc(hidden)]
        #[allow(non_camel_case_types, dead_code)]
        #vis struct #builder<#(#params),*> {
            #(#fields,)*
        }

        impl #name {
            /// Props set one by one, as markup does: `<Card title="Hi" likes=3/>`
            #[allow(dead_code)]
            #vis fn builder() -> #builder<#(#markers),*> {
                #builder { #(#initial),* }
            }
        }

        #(#setters)*

        impl #builder<#(#built),*> {
            #[allow(dead_code)]
            #vis fn build(self) -> #name {
                #name { #(#all: self.#all),* }
            }
        }
    }
}

/// The `ViewHandler` impl running the View's inline handlers
fn view_handler(name: &Ident, prefix: &LitStr, handlers: &[Handler]) -> syn::Result<TokenStream> {
    let c = cmd();
    let t = types();
    let mut concrete: Option<Type> = None;
    let mut bounds: Vec<TypeParamBound> = Vec::new();
    for handler in handlers {
        let Some(ty) = &handler.ctx_ty else { continue };
        let ctx_name = match handler.event {
            Event::Submit => "ModalCtx",
            _ => "ComponentCtx",
        };
        match ctx_state(ty, ctx_name) {
            Some(Some(Type::ImplTrait(bound))) => bounds.extend(bound.bounds.iter().cloned()),
            Some(Some(state)) => {
                if let Some(existing) = &concrete
                    && existing.to_token_stream().to_string() != state.to_token_stream().to_string()
                {
                    return err(state.span(), "the handlers of a View must use one State");
                }
                concrete = Some(state);
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    let (generics, state) = match concrete {
        Some(state) => (quote!(), state.to_token_stream()),
        None if bounds.is_empty() => (quote!(<__S>), quote!(__S)),
        None => (quote!(<__S: #(#bounds)+*>), quote!(__S)),
    };

    let ctx = Ident::new("ctx", Span::mixed_site());
    let fields = Ident::new("fields", Span::mixed_site());
    let arm = |handler: &Handler| {
        let handler_name = &handler.name;
        let full = format!("{}:{handler_name}", prefix.value());
        let names = handler.captured.iter().map(|(name, _)| name);
        let types = handler.captured.iter().map(|(_, ty)| ty);
        let typed = handler.typed.iter().map(|(param, ty)| match handler.event {
            Event::Submit => {
                let input = param.to_string();
                quote!(let #param: #ty = #c::modal_value::<#ty>(#ctx.data(), #input)?;)
            }
            _ => quote!(let #param: #ty = #c::select_value::<#ty>(#ctx.data())?;),
        });
        // The annotation as written, with the State filled in (`ComponentCtx<'_, __S>`)
        let ctx_ty = handler.ctx_ty.as_ref().map(|ty| {
            let mut ty = ty.clone();
            if let Type::Path(path) = &mut ty
                && let Some(segment) = path.path.segments.last_mut()
            {
                segment.arguments = PathArguments::AngleBracketed(syn::parse_quote!(<'_, #state>));
            }
            quote!(: #ty)
        });
        let bind = match &handler.ctx_pat {
            Some(pat) => quote!(let #pat #ctx_ty = #ctx;),
            None => quote!(let _ = #ctx;),
        };
        let body = &handler.body;
        let run = if handler.asyncness {
            quote!(async move { #body }.await)
        } else if let Expr::Async(_) = body {
            quote!((#body).await)
        } else {
            quote!((move || #body)())
        };
        quote! {
            #handler_name => async {
                #[allow(unused_variables)]
                let (#(#names,)*): (#(#types,)*) = #c::decode_state(#full, #fields)?;
                #(#typed)*
                #bind
                let output = #run;
                #[allow(unused_imports)]
                use #c::{ViaOutput as _, ViaRerender as _};
                (&&#c::HandlerOutput::new(output)).answer()
            }
            .await,
        }
    };
    let method = |event: &[Event], method: TokenStream, ctx_ty: TokenStream| {
        let arms: Vec<_> = handlers
            .iter()
            .filter(|h| event.contains(&h.event))
            .map(arm)
            .collect();
        if arms.is_empty() {
            return quote!();
        }
        quote! {
            async fn #method(
                #ctx: #c::#ctx_ty<'_, #state>,
                #fields: ::core::option::Option<&str>,
            ) -> ::core::option::Option<
                ::core::result::Result<#t::InteractionResponse, #c::HandlerError>,
            > {
                let (handler, #fields) = #c::custom_id::split(#fields.unwrap_or_default());
                ::core::option::Option::Some(match handler {
                    #(#arms)*
                    _ => return ::core::option::Option::None,
                })
            }
        }
    };
    let component = method(
        &[Event::Click, Event::Select],
        quote!(component),
        quote!(ComponentCtx),
    );
    let modal = method(&[Event::Submit], quote!(modal), quote!(ModalCtx));
    Ok(quote! {
        impl #generics #c::ViewHandler<#state> for #name where #state: ::core::marker::Sync {
            #component
            #modal
        }
    })
}