comnum-spec 0.3.0

//! The registry of the blocks: their documentation ([`BlockInfo`]), the families of
//! this crate, the blocks of other crates ([`register`]) and the builder ([`build`]).
//!
//! Every block, of this crate or of another one, is an [`Extension`]: its documentation
//! and its builder, which receives its parameters (without `type` and `label`), its
//! label and the context.

use super::per_pol::PerPol;
use super::schema::{self, Fact, ParamDefault, ParamInfo};
use super::{Block, BuildContext};
use super::{analysis, ce_ofdm, channel, coding, cpm, dsp, fiber, optical, source, systems, wireless};
use crate::params::split_block;
use comnum_core::{Error, Result};
use serde_json::{Map, Value as Json};
use std::fmt::Write;
use std::sync::{Mutex, MutexGuard, OnceLock, PoisonError};

/// The documentation of a block ([`BlockInfo`](crate::blocks::BlockInfo)) from its
/// parameters, declared with [`block_params!`](crate::block_params), and its ports.
///
/// ```text
/// block_info!([start | per_polarization] NAME, SUMMARY, PARAMS, needs [FACT, …], gives [FACT, …])
/// ```
///
/// `start` marks a block that starts a link (it draws or reads the transmitted signal),
/// `per_polarization` a block written for one polarisation, applied to each
/// polarisation of a dual-polarisation channel with its own symbols; the facts are
/// variants of [`Fact`](crate::blocks::Fact). See [`register`](crate::blocks::register)
/// for a block of another crate.
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! block_info {
    (@info $starts:expr, $per_pol:expr, $name:expr, $summary:expr, $params:ty,
        needs [$($n:ident),* $(,)?], gives [$($g:ident),* $(,)?] $(,)?) => {
        $crate::blocks::BlockInfo {
            name: $name,
            summary: $summary,
            params: <$params as $crate::blocks::Params>::params(),
            needs: &[$($crate::blocks::Fact::$n),*],
            gives: &[$($crate::blocks::Fact::$g),*],
            starts: $starts,
            per_polarization: $per_pol,
        }
    };
    (start $($rest:tt)+) => { $crate::block_info!(@info true, false, $($rest)+) };
    (per_polarization $($rest:tt)+) => { $crate::block_info!(@info false, true, $($rest)+) };
    ($($rest:tt)+) => { $crate::block_info!(@info false, false, $($rest)+) };
}

/// A block of this crate as an [`Extension`]: the arguments of
/// [`block_info!`](crate::block_info), then its builder
/// `|params, label, ctx| -> Result<Box<dyn Block>>`, which receives the parameters
/// parsed with their `block_params!` declaration (the name of the block in the errors).
macro_rules! builtin {
    ($($flag:ident)? $name:literal, $summary:expr, $params:ty,
        needs [$($n:ident),* $(,)?], gives [$($g:ident),* $(,)?],
        |$q:pat_param, $label:pat_param, $ctx:pat_param| $body:expr $(,)?) => {
        $crate::blocks::Extension {
            info: block_info!($($flag)? $name, $summary, $params, needs [$($n),*], gives [$($g),*]),
            build: |p, label, ctx| {
                let build = |$q: $params,
                             $label: String,
                             $ctx: &$crate::blocks::BuildContext|
                 -> comnum_core::Result<Box<dyn $crate::blocks::Block>> { $body };
                build(<$params as $crate::blocks::Params>::parse($name, p)?, label, ctx)
            },
        }
    };
}

/// The documentation of a block: its parameters and its ports.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct BlockInfo {
    /// The type of the block.
    pub name: &'static str,
    /// What it does.
    pub summary: &'static str,
    /// Its parameters.
    pub params: Vec<ParamInfo>,
    /// The facts of the frame it reads.
    pub needs: &'static [Fact],
    /// The facts it may add to the frame.
    pub gives: &'static [Fact],
    /// Whether it starts a link (it draws or reads the transmitted signal).
    pub starts: bool,
    /// Whether it is written for one polarisation: with a dual-polarisation channel
    /// ([`Layout::polarisations`](super::Layout::polarisations)) each polarisation goes
    /// through it with its own symbols.
    pub per_polarization: bool,
}

impl BlockInfo {
    /// The block as text (name, summary, ports, one line per parameter).
    pub fn describe(&self) -> String {
        let names = |f: &[Fact]| {
            if f.is_empty() { "nothing".to_string() } else { f.iter().map(|f| f.name()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(", ") }
        };
        let mut s = format!("{}\n    {}\n", self.name, self.summary);
        let start = if self.starts { "starts a link; " } else { "" };
        let _ = writeln!(s, "    [{start}needs: {}; gives: {}]", names(self.needs), names(self.gives));
        for p in &self.params {
            s.push_str(&p.describe(4));
        }
        s
    }

    /// The block as JSON: name, summary, ports and the JSON Schema of every parameter.
    pub fn to_json(&self) -> Json {
        let params: Map<String, Json> = self.params.iter().map(|p| (p.name.to_string(), p.json_schema())).collect();
        serde_json::json!({
            "name": self.name,
            "summary": self.summary,
            "starts": self.starts,
            "per_polarization": self.per_polarization,
            "needs": self.needs.iter().map(|f| f.name()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            "gives": self.gives.iter().map(|f| f.name()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            "required": self.params.iter().filter(|p| matches!(p.default, ParamDefault::Required)).map(|p| p.name).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            "params": params,
        })
    }
}

/// The blocks of a family of this crate.
type FamilyFn = fn() -> Vec<Extension>;

/// The families of blocks of this crate, in the order of the registry.
const FAMILIES: &[FamilyFn] = &[
    source::blocks,
    channel::blocks,
    fiber::blocks,
    dsp::blocks,
    ce_ofdm::blocks,
    cpm::blocks,
    analysis::blocks,
    optical::blocks,
    wireless::blocks,
    coding::blocks,
    systems::blocks,
];

/// The blocks of this crate, built once.
fn builtins() -> &'static [Extension] {
    static BUILTINS: OnceLock<Vec<Extension>> = OnceLock::new();
    BUILTINS.get_or_init(|| FAMILIES.iter().flat_map(|family| family()).collect())
}

/// A block of the registry, added by [`register`] for the blocks of another crate.
///
/// `build` receives the parameters of the block (without `type` and `label`), its
/// label and the context; the blocks of this crate are built the same way.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Extension {
    /// The documentation of the block.
    pub info: BlockInfo,
    /// Its builder.
    pub build: fn(Json, String, &BuildContext) -> Result<Box<dyn Block>>,
}

static EXTENSIONS: Mutex<Vec<Extension>> = Mutex::new(Vec::new());

/// The blocks added by [`register`], locked.
fn extensions() -> MutexGuard<'static, Vec<Extension>> {
    EXTENSIONS.lock().unwrap_or_else(PoisonError::into_inner)
}

/// Add a block to the registry: it is listed by [`registry`], built by [`build`],
/// described by [`json_schema`] and checked by [`check_link`] like the others. A crate
/// that defines blocks registers them before it runs a specification, and may ship its
/// own `comnum` binary around [`cli::main`](crate::cli::main).
///
/// # Errors
/// [`Error::Config`] when a block of that name exists.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// A block of another crate: its parameters are declared with
/// [`block_params!`](crate::block_params) and its ports with
/// [`block_info!`](crate::block_info), as those of the blocks of this crate, so that
/// `comnum blocks`, the JSON Schema and the checks of the links describe it too.
///
/// ```
/// use comnum_core::rng::Rng;
/// use comnum_spec::blocks::{self, Block, BuildContext, Extension, Frame, Params};
/// use comnum_spec::{RunOptions, Spec, block_info, block_params, run};
/// use serde_json::Value as Json;
///
/// block_params! {
///     struct GainSpec {
///         gain_db: f64 [0.0] "dB", "power gain";
///     }
/// }
///
/// /// Multiply every sample by an amplitude gain.
/// struct Gain(f64);
///
/// impl Block for Gain {
///     fn apply(&self, s: &mut Frame, _: &mut Rng) -> comnum_core::Result<()> {
///         s.streams_mut().flatten().for_each(|v| *v *= self.0);
///         Ok(())
///     }
/// }
///
/// fn build(p: Json, _label: String, _: &BuildContext) -> comnum_core::Result<Box<dyn Block>> {
///     let q = GainSpec::parse("gain", p)?;
///     Ok(Box::new(Gain(comnum_math::db2amp(q.gain_db))))
/// }
///
/// blocks::register(Extension {
///     info: block_info!("gain", "Amplify the samples.", GainSpec, needs [Samples], gives []),
///     build,
/// })?;
/// let spec = Spec::from_yaml(
///     "name: amplified\nlink: [source, {type: gain, gain_db: 6}]\n\
///      metrics: {report: [ser]}\nstop: {max_trials: 2}",
/// )?;
/// let results = run(&spec, &RunOptions::default())?;
/// assert_eq!(results[0].metric("ser").unwrap().value(), 0.0);
/// // listed with its parameters, and checked as the blocks of this crate
/// let info = blocks::registry().into_iter().find(|b| b.name == "gain").unwrap();
/// assert_eq!((info.params[0].name, info.params[0].unit), ("gain_db", "dB"));
/// let unknown = serde_json::json!({"type": "gain", "gain": 6});
/// assert!(blocks::build(&unknown, &BuildContext::default()).is_err());
/// # Ok::<(), comnum_core::Error>(())
/// ```
pub fn register(ext: Extension) -> Result<()> {
    let name = ext.info.name;
    let mut extensions = extensions();
    if builtins().iter().chain(extensions.iter()).any(|e| e.info.name == name) {
        return Err(Error::Config(format!("a block {name:?} is already registered")));
    }
    extensions.push(ext);
    Ok(())
}

/// Every block of the registry, in the order of a link: the blocks of this crate, then
/// those added by [`register`].
pub fn registry() -> Vec<BlockInfo> {
    with_registry(|all| all.iter().map(|&b| b.clone()).collect())
}

/// Run `f` on every block of the registry, in its order, without copying them (the
/// blocks of other crates locked meanwhile: `f` must not register a block).
pub(crate) fn with_registry<R>(f: impl FnOnce(&[&BlockInfo]) -> R) -> R {
    let extensions = extensions();
    let all: Vec<&BlockInfo> = builtins().iter().chain(extensions.iter()).map(|e| &e.info).collect();
    f(&all)
}

/// Build a block from its JSON description.
///
/// # Errors
/// [`Error::Config`] for an unknown type (the message lists the known ones), an unknown
/// or ill-typed parameter, or an invalid value.
pub fn build(v: &Json, ctx: &BuildContext) -> Result<Box<dyn Block>> {
    let (kind, label, p) = split_block(v)?;
    build_parts(kind, label, p, ctx)
}

/// Build a block from its type, its label (its type by default) and its parameters.
///
/// # Errors
/// As [`build`].
#[cfg_attr(
    not(debug_assertions),
    allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value, reason = "`kind` is consumed by the port check of the debug builds")
)]
pub(crate) fn build_parts(kind: String, label: Option<String>, p: Json, ctx: &BuildContext) -> Result<Box<dyn Block>> {
    let label = label.unwrap_or_else(|| kind.clone());
    // the lock of the blocks of other crates is released before the builder runs
    let found = builtins()
        .iter()
        .find(|e| e.info.name == kind)
        .map(|e| (e.build, e.info.gives, e.info.per_polarization))
        .or_else(|| {
            extensions().iter().find(|e| e.info.name == kind).map(|e| (e.build, e.info.gives, e.info.per_polarization))
        });
    let Some((builder, gives, per_polarization)) = found else {
        let known: Vec<&str> = with_registry(|r| r.iter().map(|b| b.name).collect());
        return Err(crate::unknown("block", &kind, &known));
    };
    let block = builder(p, label, ctx)?;
    let block: Box<dyn Block> = if per_polarization { Box::new(PerPol(block)) } else { block };
    // debug builds check the declared ports of every block while it runs
    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
    let block: Box<dyn Block> = Box::new(schema::Checked { inner: block, kind, gives });
    #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
    let _ = gives;
    Ok(block)
}

/// Check the ports of a link of block types (see [`schema::check_link`]).
///
/// # Errors
/// [`Error::Config`] naming the first block that misses a fact.
pub fn check_link(kinds: &[&str]) -> Result<()> {
    with_registry(|r| schema::check_link(kinds, r))
}

/// The JSON Schema of a block of a link (see [`schema::json_schema`]).
pub fn json_schema() -> Json {
    with_registry(|r| schema::json_schema(r))
}