commonmeta 0.9.6

//! Controlled vocabularies and cross-format type/role translation tables.
//!
//! All mappings are pure `match` expressions — zero runtime allocation, 
//! compiler-verified exhaustiveness. Callers import only the functions 
//! they need; dead-code warnings serve as a built-in unused-constant detector.

// ── Work-type translations ────────────────────────────────────────────────────

/// BibTeX entry type string → Commonmeta work type.
pub fn bib_to_cm(bib: &str) -> &'static str {
    match bib {
        "article" => "JournalArticle",
        "book" | "booklet" => "Book",
        "inbook" | "incollection" => "BookChapter",
        "inproceedings" | "conference" => "ProceedingsArticle",
        "manual" | "techreport" => "Report",
        "mastersthesis" | "phdthesis" => "Dissertation",
        "proceedings" => "Proceedings",
        "unpublished" => "Manuscript",
        "dataset" => "Dataset",
        "online" | "www" => "WebPage",
        "periodical" | "suppperiodical" => "Journal",
        "software" => "Software",
        _ => "Other",
    }
}

/// Commonmeta work type → BibTeX entry type string.
pub fn cm_to_bib(cm: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cm {
        "Article" | "BlogPost" | "JournalArticle" => "article",
        "Book" => "book",
        "BookChapter" => "inbook",
        "Dissertation" => "phdthesis",
        "Manuscript" => "unpublished",
        "Proceedings" => "proceedings",
        "ProceedingsArticle" => "inproceedings",
        "Report" => "techreport",
        "Software" => "software",
        "Dataset" => "dataset",
        "WebPage" => "online",
        "Journal" => "periodical",
        _ => "misc",
    }
}

/// CSL type string → Commonmeta work type.
pub fn csl_to_cm(csl: &str) -> &'static str {
    match csl {
        "article" | "article-magazine" | "article-newspaper" => "Article",
        "article-journal" => "JournalArticle",
        "bill" | "hearing" | "legal_case" | "legislation" | "regulation" | "treaty" => {
            "LegalDocument"
        }
        "book" | "classic" => "Book",
        "broadcast" | "motion_picture" | "song" => "Audiovisual",
        "chapter" => "BookChapter",
        "collection" => "Collection",
        "dataset" => "Dataset",
        "document" | "interview" | "musical_score" | "pamphlet" => "Document",
        "entry" | "entry-dictionary" | "entry-encyclopedia" => "Entry",
        "event" => "Event",
        "figure" => "Figure",
        "graphic" => "Image",
        "manuscript" => "Manuscript",
        "map" => "Map",
        "paper-conference" => "ProceedingsArticle",
        "patent" => "Patent",
        "performance" => "Performance",
        "periodical" => "Journal",
        "personal_communication" => "PersonalCommunication",
        "post" => "Post",
        "post-weblog" => "BlogPost",
        "report" => "Report",
        "review" | "review-book" => "Review",
        "software" => "Software",
        "speech" => "Presentation",
        "standard" => "Standard",
        "thesis" => "Dissertation",
        "webpage" => "WebPage",
        _ => "",
    }
}

/// Commonmeta work type → CSL type string.
pub fn cm_to_csl(cm: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cm {
        "Article" => "article",
        "Blog" => "periodical",
        "BlogPost" => "post-weblog",
        "Book" => "book",
        "BookChapter" => "chapter",
        "Collection" => "collection",
        "Dataset" => "dataset",
        "Document" => "document",
        "Entry" => "entry",
        "Event" => "event",
        "Figure" => "figure",
        "Image" => "graphic",
        "JournalArticle" => "article-journal",
        "LegalDocument" => "legal_case",
        "Manuscript" => "manuscript",
        "Map" => "map",
        "Audiovisual" => "motion_picture",
        "Patent" => "patent",
        "Performance" => "performance",
        "Journal" => "periodical",
        "PersonalCommunication" => "personal_communication",
        "Report" => "report",
        "Review" => "review",
        "Software" => "software",
        "Presentation" => "speech",
        "Standard" => "standard",
        "Dissertation" => "thesis",
        "WebPage" => "webpage",
        _ => "document",
    }
}

/// Crossref work type string → Commonmeta work type.
pub fn cr_to_cm(cr: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cr {
        "book-chapter" => "BookChapter",
        "book-part" => "BookPart",
        "book-section" => "BookSection",
        "book-series" => "BookSeries",
        "book-set" => "BookSet",
        "book-track" => "BookTrack",
        "book" | "edited-book" | "monograph" | "reference-book" => "Book",
        "component" => "Component",
        "database" => "Database",
        "dataset" => "Dataset",
        "dissertation" => "Dissertation",
        "grant" => "Grant",
        "journal-article" => "JournalArticle",
        "journal-issue" => "JournalIssue",
        "journal-volume" => "JournalVolume",
        "journal" => "Journal",
        "other" => "Other",
        "peer-review" => "PeerReview",
        "posted-content" => "Article",
        "proceedings-article" => "ProceedingsArticle",
        "proceedings-series" => "ProceedingsSeries",
        "proceedings" => "Proceedings",
        "reference-entry" => "Entry",
        "report-component" => "ReportComponent",
        "report-series" => "ReportSeries",
        "report" => "Report",
        "standard" => "Standard",
        _ => "Other",
    }
}

/// Commonmeta work type → Crossref work type string.
pub fn cm_to_cr(cm: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cm {
        "Article" | "BlogPost" => "PostedContent",
        "Blog" => "Journal",
        "BookChapter" => "BookChapter",
        "BookSeries" => "BookSeries",
        "Book" => "Book",
        "Component" => "Component",
        "Dataset" => "Dataset",
        "Dissertation" => "Dissertation",
        "Grant" => "Grant",
        "JournalArticle" => "JournalArticle",
        "JournalIssue" => "JournalIssue",
        "JournalVolume" => "JournalVolume",
        "Journal" => "Journal",
        "PeerReview" => "PeerReview",
        "ProceedingsArticle" => "ProceedingsArticle",
        "ProceedingsSeries" => "ProceedingsSeries",
        "Proceedings" => "Proceedings",
        "ReportComponent" => "ReportComponent",
        "ReportSeries" => "ReportSeries",
        "Report" => "Report",
        "Review" => "PeerReview",
        _ => "Other",
    }
}

/// DataCite `resourceTypeGeneral` → Commonmeta work type.
pub fn dc_to_cm(dc: &str) -> &'static str {
    match dc {
        "Audiovisual" => "Audiovisual",
        "BlogPosting" => "BlogPost",
        "Book" => "Book",
        "BookChapter" => "BookChapter",
        "Collection" => "Collection",
        "ComputationalNotebook" => "ComputationalNotebook",
        "ConferencePaper" => "ProceedingsArticle",
        "ConferenceProceeding" => "Proceedings",
        "DataPaper" => "JournalArticle",
        "Dataset" => "Dataset",
        "Dissertation" => "Dissertation",
        "Event" => "Event",
        "Image" => "Image",
        "Instrument" => "Instrument",
        "InteractiveResource" => "InteractiveResource",
        "Journal" => "Journal",
        "JournalArticle" => "JournalArticle",
        "Model" => "Model",
        "OutputManagementPlan" => "OutputManagementPlan",
        "PeerReview" => "PeerReview",
        "PhysicalObject" => "PhysicalObject",
        "Poster" => "Poster",
        "Preprint" => "Article",
        "Presentation" => "Presentation",
        "Report" => "Report",
        "Service" => "Service",
        "Software" => "Software",
        "Sound" => "Sound",
        "Standard" => "Standard",
        "StudyRegistration" => "StudyRegistration",
        "Text" => "Document",
        "Thesis" => "Dissertation",
        "Workflow" => "Workflow",
        "Other" => "Other",
        _ => "",
    }
}

/// Map an `info:eu-repo/semantics/` publication-type URI to a commonmeta type.
/// Returns `""` for access-rights terms and any unrecognised URI.
pub fn eu_repo_to_cm(uri: &str) -> &'static str {
    let term = match uri.strip_prefix("info:eu-repo/semantics/") {
        Some(t) => t,
        None => return "",
    };
    match term {
        "article" | "researchPaper" | "contributionToPeriodical" | "annotation" => "JournalArticle",
        "bachelorThesis" | "masterThesis" | "doctoralThesis" | "studentThesis" => "Dissertation",
        "book" => "Book",
        "bookPart" => "BookChapter",
        "bookReview" => "PeerReview",
        "preprint" => "Article",
        "report" | "technicalDocumentation" | "researchProposal" => "Report",
        "patent" => "Patent",
        "lecture" => "Presentation",
        // openAccess, closedAccess, embargoedAccess, restrictedAccess, and other
        // semantic terms are not publication types — return empty.
        _ => "",
    }
}

/// Returns `true` if `uri` is an `info:eu-repo/semantics/` access-rights term.
/// These must not be used as license URLs.
pub fn is_eu_repo_access_right(uri: &str) -> bool {
    matches!(
        uri,
        "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"
            | "info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess"
            | "info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess"
            | "info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess"
    )
}

/// Commonmeta work type → DataCite `resourceTypeGeneral`.
pub fn cm_to_dc(cm: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cm {
        "Article" | "BlogPost" => "Preprint",
        "Audiovisual" => "Audiovisual",
        "Book" => "Book",
        "BookChapter" => "BookChapter",
        "Collection" => "Collection",
        "ComputationalNotebook" => "ComputationalNotebook",
        "Dataset" => "Dataset",
        "Document" | "Entry" | "LegalDocument" | "Manuscript" | "Patent"
        | "PersonalCommunication" | "Post" | "WebPage" => "Text",
        "Dissertation" => "Dissertation",
        "Event" => "Event",
        "Figure" | "Image" | "Map" => "Image",
        "Instrument" => "Instrument",
        "JournalArticle" => "JournalArticle",
        "Model" => "Model",
        "OutputManagementPlan" => "OutputManagementPlan",
        "PeerReview" | "Review" => "PeerReview",
        "Performance" => "Audiovisual",
        "PhysicalObject" => "PhysicalObject",
        "Presentation" => "Presentation",
        "ProceedingsArticle" => "ConferencePaper",
        "Proceedings" => "ConferenceProceeding",
        "Report" => "Report",
        "Service" => "Service",
        "Software" => "Software",
        "Sound" => "Sound",
        "Standard" => "Standard",
        "StudyRegistration" => "StudyRegistration",
        "Workflow" => "Workflow",
        _ => "Other",
    }
}

/// InvenioRDM `resource_type.id` → Commonmeta work type.
pub fn inveniordm_to_cm(id: &str) -> &'static str {
    match id {
        "annotationcollection" | "publication-annotationcollection" | "taxonomictreatment" => {
            "Collection"
        }
        "book" | "publication-book" => "Book",
        "conferencepaper" | "publication-conferencepaper" => "ProceedingsArticle",
        "datamanagementplan" | "publication-datamanagementplan" => "OutputManagementPlan",
        "dataset" => "Dataset",
        "drawing" | "figure" | "image" | "photo" | "plot" => "Image",
        "lesson" => "InteractiveResource",
        "patent" | "publication-patent" => "Patent",
        "peerreview" | "publication-peerreview" => "PeerReview",
        "physicalobject" => "PhysicalObject",
        "poster" | "presentation" => "Presentation",
        "preprint" | "publication-preprint" => "Article",
        "publication" | "publication-article" | "publication-datapaper" => "JournalArticle",
        "publication-blogpost" => "BlogPost",
        "publication-conferenceproceeding" => "Proceedings",
        "publication-dissertation" | "publication-thesis" | "thesis" => "Dissertation",
        "publication-journal" => "Journal",
        "publication-other" | "other" => "Other",
        "publication-report"
        | "publication-technicalnote"
        | "publication-workingpaper"
        | "report"
        | "technicalnote"
        | "workingpaper" => "Report",
        "publication-section" | "section" => "BookChapter",
        "publication-standard" => "Standard",
        "software" | "softwaredocumentation" => "Software",
        "software-computationalnotebook" => "ComputationalNotebook",
        "video" => "Audiovisual",
        "workflow" => "Workflow",
        _ => "",
    }
}

/// Commonmeta work type → InvenioRDM `resource_type.id`.
pub fn cm_to_inveniordm(cm: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cm {
        "Article" => "publication-preprint",
        "Audiovisual" => "video",
        "BlogPost" => "publication-blogpost",
        "Book" => "publication-book",
        "BookChapter" => "publication-section",
        "Collection" => "publication-annotationcollection",
        "ComputationalNotebook" => "software-computationalnotebook",
        "Dataset" => "dataset",
        "Dissertation" => "publication-thesis",
        "Document" | "Entry" | "LegalDocument" | "Manuscript" | "PersonalCommunication"
        | "Post" | "WebPage" => "publication",
        "Event" => "event",
        "Figure" => "image-figure",
        "Image" => "image",
        "Instrument" | "Map" => "other",
        "Journal" => "publication-journal",
        "JournalArticle" => "publication-article",
        "Patent" => "patent",
        "PeerReview" => "publication-peerreview",
        "PhysicalObject" => "physicalobject",
        "Poster" => "poster",
        "Presentation" => "presentation",
        "ProceedingsArticle" => "publication-conferencepaper",
        "Proceedings" => "publication-conferenceproceeding",
        "Report" => "publication-report",
        "Review" => "publication-peerreview",
        "Software" => "software",
        "Sound" => "audio",
        "Standard" => "publication-standard",
        "Workflow" => "workflow",
        _ => "other",
    }
}

/// RIS type tag → Commonmeta work type.
pub fn ris_to_cm(ris: &str) -> &'static str {
    match ris {
        "ABST" | "ADVS" | "AGGR" | "ANCIENT" | "ART" | "BILL" | "CASE" | "CHART" | "CLSWK"
        | "ELEC" | "ICOMM" | "INPR" | "MANSCPT" => "Text",
        "BLOG" => "BlogPost",
        "BOOK" | "EBOOK" | "EDBOOK" => "Book",
        "CHAP" | "ECHAP" => "BookChapter",
        "CTLG" => "Collection",
        "COMP" => "Software",
        "DATA" => "Dataset",
        "DBASE" => "Dataset",
        "DICT" => "Dictionary",
        "EJOUR" | "JFULL" | "JOUR" => "JournalArticle",
        "ENCYC" => "Encyclopedia",
        "EQUA" => "Equation",
        "FIGURE" => "Image",
        "GEN" => "CreativeWork",
        "GOVDOC" => "GovernmentDocument",
        "GRANT" => "Grant",
        "HEAR" => "Hearing",
        "LEGAL" => "LegalRuleOrRegulation",
        "MAP" => "Map",
        "MGZN" => "MagazineArticle",
        "MPCT" | "MULTI" | "VIDEO" => "Audiovisual",
        "MUSIC" => "MusicScore",
        "NEWS" => "NewspaperArticle",
        "PAMP" => "Pamphlet",
        "PAT" => "Patent",
        "PCOMM" => "PersonalCommunication",
        "RPRT" => "Report",
        "SER" => "SerialPublication",
        "SLIDE" => "Slide",
        "SOUND" => "SoundRecording",
        "STAND" => "Standard",
        "THES" => "Dissertation",
        "UNBILL" => "UnenactedBill",
        "UNPB" => "UnpublishedWork",
        "WEB" => "WebPage",
        _ => "Other",
    }
}

/// Commonmeta work type → RIS type tag.
pub fn cm_to_ris(cm: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cm {
        "Article" => "JOUR",
        "Audiovisual" => "VIDEO",
        "BlogPost" => "BLOG",
        "Book" => "BOOK",
        "BookChapter" => "CHAP",
        "Collection" => "CTLG",
        "Dataset" => "DATA",
        "Dissertation" => "THES",
        "Document" => "GEN",
        "Entry" => "DICT",
        "Event" => "GEN",
        "Figure" => "FIGURE",
        "Image" => "FIGURE",
        "JournalArticle" => "JOUR",
        "LegalDocument" => "GEN",
        "Manuscript" => "GEN",
        "Map" => "MAP",
        "Patent" => "PAT",
        "Performance" => "GEN",
        "PersonalCommunication" => "PCOMM",
        "Post" => "GEN",
        "ProceedingsArticle" => "CPAPER",
        "Proceedings" => "CONF",
        "Report" => "RPRT",
        "Review" => "GEN",
        "Software" => "COMP",
        "Sound" => "SOUND",
        "Standard" => "STAND",
        "WebPage" => "WEB",
        _ => "GEN",
    }
}

/// Schema.org `@type` → Commonmeta work type.
pub fn so_to_cm(so: &str) -> &'static str {
    match so {
        "Article" | "NewsArticle" => "Article",
        "Blog" => "Blog",
        "BlogPosting" => "BlogPost",
        "Book" => "Book",
        "BookChapter" => "BookChapter",
        "CreativeWork" => "Other",
        "Dataset" => "Dataset",
        "DigitalDocument" => "Document",
        "Dissertation" => "Dissertation",
        "Instrument" => "Instrument",
        "MusicRecording" | "MusicAlbum" => "Audiovisual",
        "Legislation" => "LegalDocument",
        "ProfilePage" => "WebPage",
        "Report" => "Report",
        "ScholarlyArticle" => "JournalArticle",
        "SoftwareSourceCode" => "Software",
        "Video" => "Audiovisual",
        "WebSite" => "WebPage",
        _ => "",
    }
}

/// Commonmeta work type → Schema.org `@type`.
pub fn cm_to_so(cm: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cm {
        "Article" => "Article",
        "Audiovisual" => "CreativeWork",
        "Blog" => "Blog",
        "BlogPost" => "BlogPosting",
        "BlogVolume" => "PeriodicalVolume",
        "Book" => "Book",
        "BookChapter" => "BookChapter",
        "Collection" => "CreativeWork",
        "Dataset" => "Dataset",
        "Dissertation" => "Dissertation",
        "Document" => "CreativeWork",
        "Entry" => "CreativeWork",
        "Event" => "CreativeWork",
        "Figure" => "CreativeWork",
        "Image" => "CreativeWork",
        "Instrument" => "Product",
        "JournalArticle" => "ScholarlyArticle",
        "LegalDocument" => "Legislation",
        "Software" => "SoftwareSourceCode",
        "Presentation" => "PresentationDigitalDocument",
        _ => "CreativeWork",
    }
}

/// OpenAlex work type → Commonmeta work type.
pub fn oa_to_cm(oa: &str) -> &'static str {
    match oa {
        "article" | "letter" | "preprint" | "review" => "Article",
        "book" => "Book",
        "book-chapter" => "BookChapter",
        "dataset" => "Dataset",
        "dissertation" => "Dissertation",
        "editorial" => "Document",
        "erratum" | "other" | "reference-entry" | "retraction" => "Other",
        "grant" => "Grant",
        "libguides" => "InteractiveResource",
        "paratext" | "supplementary-materials" => "Component",
        "peer-review" => "PeerReview",
        "report" => "Report",
        "standard" => "Standard",
        _ => "Other",
    }
}

// ── Container-type translations ───────────────────────────────────────────────

/// Crossref container type string → Commonmeta container type.
pub fn cr_to_cm_container(cr: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cr {
        "book" => "Book",
        "book-series" => "BookSeries",
        "database" => "DataRepository",
        "journal" => "Journal",
        "proceedings" => "Proceedings",
        "periodical" => "Periodical",
        _ => "",
    }
}

/// Crossref work type → its Commonmeta container type.
pub fn cr_work_to_container(work_type: &str) -> &'static str {
    match work_type {
        "book-chapter" => "Book",
        "dataset" => "DataRepository",
        "journal-article" | "journal-issue" => "Journal",
        "monograph" => "BookSeries",
        "proceedings-article" => "Proceedings",
        "posted-content" => "Periodical",
        _ => "",
    }
}

/// DataCite container type → Commonmeta container type.
pub fn dc_to_cm_container(dc: &str) -> &'static str {
    match dc {
        "Book" => "Book",
        "BookSeries" => "BookSeries",
        "DataRepository" => "DataRepository",
        "Journal" => "Journal",
        "Periodical" => "Periodical",
        "Proceedings" => "ProceedingsSeries",
        "Repository" => "Repository",
        "Series" => "Series",
        _ => "",
    }
}

/// OpenAlex source type → Commonmeta container type.
pub fn oa_to_cm_container(oa: &str) -> &'static str {
    match oa {
        "journal" => "Journal",
        "repository" => "Repository",
        "conference" => "Proceedings",
        "ebook platform" => "Book",
        "book series" => "BookSeries",
        "metadata" => "DataRepository",
        _ => "Repository",
    }
}

// ── Contributor-role translations ─────────────────────────────────────────────

/// DataCite contributor type → Commonmeta contributor role.
pub fn dc_to_cm_role(dc: &str) -> &'static str {
    match dc {
        "ContactPerson" => "ContactPerson",
        "DataCollector" => "DataCollector",
        "DataCurator" => "DataCuration",
        "DataManager" => "DataManager",
        "Distributor" => "Distributor",
        "Editor" => "Editor",
        "HostingInstitution" => "HostingInstitution",
        "Other" => "Other",
        "Producer" => "Producer",
        "ProjectLeader" => "ProjectLeader",
        "ProjectManager" => "ProjectManager",
        "ProjectMember" => "ProjectMember",
        "RegistrationAgency" => "RegistrationAgency",
        "RegistrationAuthority" => "RegistrationAuthority",
        "RelatedPerson" => "RelatedPerson",
        "ResearchGroup" => "ResearchGroup",
        "RightsHolder" => "RightsHolder",
        "Researcher" => "Researcher",
        "Sponsor" => "Sponsor",
        "Supervisor" => "Supervision",
        "WorkPackageLeader" => "WorkPackageLeader",
        _ => "Other",
    }
}

/// Commonmeta contributor role → DataCite contributor type.
pub fn cm_to_dc_role(cm: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cm {
        "ContactPerson" => "ContactPerson",
        "DataCollector" => "DataCollector",
        "DataCuration" => "DataCurator",
        "DataManager" => "DataManager",
        "Distributor" => "Distributor",
        "Editor" => "Editor",
        "HostingInstitution" => "HostingInstitution",
        "Other" => "Other",
        "Producer" => "Producer",
        "ProjectLeader" => "ProjectLeader",
        "ProjectManager" => "ProjectManager",
        "ProjectMember" => "ProjectMember",
        "RegistrationAgency" => "RegistrationAgency",
        "RegistrationAuthority" => "RegistrationAuthority",
        "RelatedPerson" => "RelatedPerson",
        "ResearchGroup" => "ResearchGroup",
        "RightsHolder" => "RightsHolder",
        "Researcher" => "Researcher",
        "Sponsor" => "Sponsor",
        "Supervision" => "Supervisor",
        "WorkPackageLeader" => "WorkPackageLeader",
        _ => "Other",
    }
}

/// InvenioRDM role id (lowercase) → Commonmeta contributor role.
pub fn inveniordm_to_cm_role(id: &str) -> &'static str {
    match id {
        "contactperson" => "ContactPerson",
        "datacollector" => "DataCollector",
        "datacurator" => "DataCuration",
        "datamanager" => "DataManager",
        "distributor" => "Distributor",
        "editor" => "Editor",
        "hostinginstitution" => "HostingInstitution",
        "interviewee" => "Interviewee",
        "other" => "Other",
        "producer" => "Producer",
        "projectleader" => "ProjectLeader",
        "projectmanager" => "ProjectManager",
        "projectmember" => "ProjectMember",
        "registrationagency" => "RegistrationAgency",
        "registrationauthority" => "RegistrationAuthority",
        "relatedperson" => "RelatedPerson",
        "researchgroup" => "ResearchGroup",
        "rightsholder" => "RightsHolder",
        "researcher" => "Researcher",
        "sponsor" => "Sponsor",
        "supervisor" => "Supervision",
        "translator" => "Translator",
        "workpackageleader" => "WorkPackageLeader",
        _ => "Other",
    }
}

/// Commonmeta contributor role → InvenioRDM role id (lowercase).
pub fn cm_to_inveniordm_role(cm: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cm {
        "ContactPerson" => "contactperson",
        "DataCollector" => "datacollector",
        "DataCuration" => "datacurator",
        "DataManager" => "datamanager",
        "Distributor" => "distributor",
        "Editor" => "editor",
        "HostingInstitution" => "hostinginstitution",
        "Interviewee" => "interviewee",
        "Other" => "other",
        "Producer" => "producer",
        "ProjectLeader" => "projectleader",
        "ProjectManager" => "projectmanager",
        "ProjectMember" => "projectmember",
        "RegistrationAgency" => "registrationagency",
        "RegistrationAuthority" => "registrationauthority",
        "RelatedPerson" => "relatedperson",
        "ResearchGroup" => "researchgroup",
        "RightsHolder" => "rightsholder",
        "Researcher" => "researcher",
        "Sponsor" => "sponsor",
        "Supervision" => "supervisor",
        "Translator" => "translator",
        "WorkPackageLeader" => "workpackageleader",
        _ => "other",
    }
}

/// Crossref contributor role → Commonmeta contributor role.
pub fn cr_to_cm_role(cr: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cr {
        "author" => "Author",
        "editor" => "Editor",
        "chair" => "Chair",
        "reviewer" => "Reviewer",
        "reader" => "Reader",
        "translator" => "Translator",
        _ => "Author",
    }
}

/// Commonmeta contributor role → Crossref contributor role.
pub fn cm_to_cr_role(cm: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cm {
        "Author" => "author",
        "Editor" => "editor",
        "Chair" => "chair",
        "Reviewer" => "reviewer",
        "Reader" => "reader",
        "Translator" => "translator",
        _ => "author",
    }
}

// ── DataCite schema.org / citeproc convenience mappings ───────────────────────
// These are used only in the DataCite writer's `types` block; keeping them here
// avoids the duplication with the same mappings once scattered across datacite.rs

/// Commonmeta work type → Schema.org `@type` (DataCite writer variant; narrower
/// than `cm_to_so` — DataCite only serialises a subset).
pub fn cm_to_schema_org(cm: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cm {
        "Article" | "BlogPost" | "JournalArticle" | "ProceedingsArticle" | "PeerReview" => {
            "ScholarlyArticle"
        }
        "Book" => "Book",
        "BookChapter" => "Chapter",
        "Collection" => "Collection",
        "ComputationalNotebook" => "SoftwareSourceCode",
        "Dataset" => "Dataset",
        "Dissertation" => "Thesis",
        "Document" | "Report" => "ScholarlyArticle",
        "Event" => "Event",
        "Figure" | "Image" => "ImageObject",
        "Instrument" => "IndividualProduct",
        "Software" => "SoftwareSourceCode",
        "Sound" => "AudioObject",
        "Audiovisual" => "VideoObject",
        _ => "CreativeWork",
    }
}

/// Commonmeta work type → Citeproc/CSL type (DataCite writer variant).
pub fn cm_to_citeproc(cm: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cm {
        "Article" | "ProceedingsArticle" => "paper-conference",
        "BlogPost" => "post-weblog",
        "Book" => "book",
        "BookChapter" => "chapter",
        "ComputationalNotebook" => "article",
        "Dataset" => "dataset",
        "Dissertation" => "thesis",
        "Document" | "Report" => "report",
        "Figure" | "Image" => "figure",
        "JournalArticle" => "article-journal",
        "PeerReview" => "peer-review",
        "Software" => "software",
        "Sound" => "song",
        "Audiovisual" => "motion_picture",
        _ => "article",
    }
}

// ── Controlled vocabulary lists ───────────────────────────────────────────────

/// All Commonmeta work types.
pub const WORK_TYPES: &[&str] = &[
    "Article",
    "Audiovisual",
    "BlogPost",
    "Book",
    "BookChapter",
    "Collection",
    "ComputationalNotebook",
    "Dataset",
    "Dissertation",
    "Document",
    "Entry",
    "Event",
    "Figure",
    "Grant",
    "Image",
    "Instrument",
    "InteractiveResource",
    "JournalArticle",
    "LegalDocument",
    "Manuscript",
    "Map",
    "Model",
    "OutputManagementPlan",
    "Patent",
    "PeerReview",
    "Performance",
    "PersonalCommunication",
    "PhysicalObject",
    "Post",
    "Presentation",
    "ProceedingsArticle",
    "Proceedings",
    "Report",
    "Review",
    "Service",
    "Software",
    "Sound",
    "Standard",
    "StudyRegistration",
    "WebPage",
    "Workflow",
];

/// Case-insensitive lookup against WORK_TYPES.
/// Returns the canonical PascalCase form, or `""` if not found.
pub fn lookup_work_type(input: &str) -> &'static str {
    let lower = input.to_lowercase();
    WORK_TYPES
        .iter()
        .copied()
        .find(|&t| t.to_lowercase() == lower)
        .unwrap_or("")
}

/// Commonmeta work type → Crossref API filter type (kebab-case).
/// Used for both Crossref (`type:…`) and OpenAlex (`type_crossref:…`) filters.
/// Returns `""` for types that have no Crossref equivalent.
pub fn cm_to_cr_filter_type(cm: &str) -> &'static str {
    match cm {
        "Article" | "BlogPost" => "posted-content",
        "Book" => "book",
        "BookChapter" => "book-chapter",
        "Component" => "component",
        "Dataset" => "dataset",
        "Dissertation" => "dissertation",
        "Entry" => "reference-entry",
        "Grant" => "grant",
        "Journal" => "journal",
        "JournalArticle" => "journal-article",
        "JournalIssue" => "journal-issue",
        "JournalVolume" => "journal-volume",
        "PeerReview" => "peer-review",
        "Proceedings" => "proceedings",
        "ProceedingsArticle" => "proceedings-article",
        "ProceedingsSeries" => "proceedings-series",
        "Report" => "report",
        "ReportComponent" => "report-component",
        "ReportSeries" => "report-series",
        "Standard" => "standard",
        _ => "",
    }
}

/// Contributor types.
pub const CONTRIBUTOR_TYPES: &[&str] = &["Person", "Organization"];

/// All Commonmeta contributor roles (mirrors Python `COMMONMETA_CONTRIBUTOR_ROLES`).
pub const CONTRIBUTOR_ROLES: &[&str] = &[
    "Author",
    "Chair",
    "Conceptualization",
    "ContactPerson",
    "DataCollector",
    "DataCuration",
    "DataManager",
    "Distributor",
    "Editor",
    "FormalAnalysis",
    "FundingAcquisition",
    "HostingInstitution",
    "Interviewee",
    "Investigation",
    "Maintainer",
    "Methodology",
    "Other",
    "Producer",
    "ProjectAdministration",
    "ProjectLeader",
    "ProjectManager",
    "ProjectMember",
    "Reader",
    "RegistrationAgency",
    "RegistrationAuthority",
    "RelatedPerson",
    "ResearchGroup",
    "Researcher",
    "Resources",
    "Reviewer",
    "ReviewerExternal",
    "ReviewAssistant",
    "RightsHolder",
    "Software",
    "Sponsor",
    "StatsReviewer",
    "Supervision",
    "Translator",
    "Validation",
    "Visualization",
    "WorkPackageLeader",
    "WritingOriginalDraft",
    "WritingReviewEditing",
];

/// Identifier types (Commonmeta schema enum).
pub const IDENTIFIER_TYPES: &[&str] = &[
    "ARK", "ARXIV", "BIBCODE", "DOI", "GUID", "Handle", "ISBN", "ISSN", "ISTC", "LISSN", "LSID",
    "OpenAlex", "PISSN", "PMID", "PMCID", "PURL", "RAID", "RID", "SWHID", "URL", "URN", "UUID",
    "w3id",
];

/// Relation types from the Commonmeta schema.
pub const RELATION_TYPES: &[&str] = &[
    "Cites",
    "Compiles",
    "Continues",
    "Describes",
    "Documents",
    "HasMetadata",
    "HasPart",
    "HasPreprint",
    "HasReview",
    "HasTranslation",
    "HasVersion",
    "IsCitedBy",
    "IsCompiledBy",
    "IsContinuedBy",
    "IsDerivedFrom",
    "IsDescribedBy",
    "IsDocumentedBy",
    "IsIdenticalTo",
    "IsMetadataFor",
    "IsNewVersionOf",
    "IsOriginalFormOf",
    "IsPartOf",
    "IsPreprintOf",
    "IsPreviousVersionOf",
    "IsReferencedBy",
    "IsRequiredBy",
    "IsReviewOf",
    "IsReviewedBy",
    "IsSourceOf",
    "IsSupplementTo",
    "IsSupplementedBy",
    "IsTranslationOf",
    "IsVariantFormOf",
    "IsVersionOf",
    "References",
    "Requires",
];

/// Subset of relation types that are valid at the commonmeta schema level
/// (mirrors Python `COMMONMETA_RELATION_TYPES`).
pub const COMMONMETA_RELATION_TYPES: &[&str] = &[
    "IsNewVersionOf",
    "IsPreviousVersionOf",
    "IsVersionOf",
    "HasVersion",
    "IsPartOf",
    "HasPart",
    "IsVariantFormOf",
    "IsOriginalFormOf",
    "IsIdenticalTo",
    "IsTranslationOf",
    "HasReview",
    "IsReviewOf",
    "IsPreprintOf",
    "HasPreprint",
    "IsSupplementTo",
    "IsSupplementedBy",
];

// ── OpenAlex topic → subfield mapping ────────────────────────────────────────

/// Map an OpenAlex topic numeric ID (digits only, no "T" prefix) to its
/// parent subfield numeric ID. Returns `""` if not found.
///
/// Entries are sorted by key for binary search.
pub fn topic_to_subfield(topic: &str) -> &'static str {
    const MAP: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
        ("10001","1908"),("10002","3107"),("10003","1408"),("10004","1111"),
        ("10005","2309"),("10006","1407"),("10007","2000"),("10008","3304"),
        ("10009","2738"),("10010","2739"),("10011","1208"),("10012","1311"),
        ("10013","1605"),("10014","1110"),("10015","1312"),("10016","2312"),
        ("10017","1902"),("10018","2208"),("10019","1402"),("10020","1702"),
        ("10021","1203"),("10022","3107"),("10023","2738"),("10024","2105"),
        ("10025","3106"),("10026","3103"),("10027","2712"),("10028","1702"),
        ("10029","2306"),("10030","2105"),("10031","2403"),("10032","1910"),
        ("10033","2205"),("10034","1203"),("10035","2704"),("10036","1707"),
        ("10037","3104"),("10038","2725"),("10039","3103"),("10040","2207"),
        ("10041","2725"),("10042","2805"),("10043","2713"),("10044","1312"),
        ("10045","2208"),("10046","2207"),("10047","2003"),("10048","3106"),
        ("10049","3107"),("10050","1803"),("10051","2737"),("10052","1707"),
        ("10053","3320"),("10054","1708"),("10055","3312"),("10056","2804"),
        ("10057","1707"),("10058","1405"),("10059","2204"),("10060","2737"),
        ("10061","2608"),("10062","1306"),("10063","2502"),("10064","3109"),
        ("10065","2705"),("10066","1312"),("10067","2003"),("10068","1802"),
        ("10069","2202"),("10070","3312"),("10071","2732"),("10072","3304"),
        ("10073","2721"),("10074","2505"),("10075","1902"),("10076","1110"),
        ("10077","2804"),("10078","2105"),("10079","2505"),("10080","1705"),
        ("10081","1402"),("10082","2725"),("10083","2505"),("10084","2736"),
        ("10085","2728"),("10086","2737"),("10087","1911"),("10088","2204"),
        ("10089","2303"),("10090","2505"),("10091","2739"),("10092","1605"),
        ("10093","3106"),("10094","2738"),("10095","3103"),("10096","1604"),
        ("10097","2505"),("10098","1102"),("10099","3104"),("10100","1702"),
        ("10101","1710"),("10102","1804"),("10103","3204"),("10104","2204"),
        ("10105","2745"),("10106","2805"),("10107","2505"),("10108","3320"),
        ("10109","1911"),("10110","1908"),("10111","2303"),("10112","2406"),
        ("10113","3505"),("10114","3612"),("10115","1408"),("10116","2743"),
        ("10117","1507"),("10118","2725"),("10119","2306"),("10120","1311"),
        ("10121","2215"),("10122","2307"),("10123","1312"),("10124","2740"),
        ("10125","2208"),("10126","1702"),("10127","2003"),("10128","2000"),
        ("10129","2716"),("10130","3304"),("10131","2504"),("10132","2503"),
        ("10133","3315"),("10134","1311"),("10135","1109"),("10136","2613"),
        ("10137","2734"),("10138","1705"),("10139","2310"),("10140","2916"),
        ("10141","1106"),("10142","1703"),("10143","2740"),("10144","2705"),
        ("10145","1406"),("10146","2713"),("10147","1313"),("10148","2208"),
        ("10149","3314"),("10150","2725"),("10151","2721"),("10152","1103"),
        ("10153","3312"),("10154","1407"),("10155","2737"),("10156","3207"),
        ("10157","2732"),("10158","2730"),("10159","3103"),("10160","2205"),
        ("10161","2211"),("10162","3304"),("10163","2730"),("10164","1404"),
        ("10165","3314"),("10166","2739"),("10167","2713"),("10168","3203"),
        ("10169","1312"),("10170","2731"),("10171","2204"),("10172","2705"),
        ("10173","2206"),("10174","1105"),("10175","2208"),("10176","2716"),
        ("10177","2739"),("10178","2730"),("10179","2504"),("10180","1602"),
        ("10181","1702"),("10182","3203"),("10183","1306"),("10184","1110"),
        ("10185","2734"),("10186","2922"),("10187","2208"),("10188","2210"),
        ("10189","2746"),("10190","2307"),("10191","2202"),("10192","2505"),
        ("10193","2746"),("10194","2604"),("10195","2725"),("10196","2737"),
        ("10197","2312"),("10198","2705"),("10199","2303"),("10200","2745"),
        ("10201","1702"),("10202","2740"),("10203","1710"),("10204","2505"),
        ("10205","2208"),("10206","1804"),("10207","1312"),("10208","2002"),
        ("10209","2735"),("10210","2312"),("10211","1703"),("10212","2208"),
        ("10213","3321"),("10214","3203"),("10215","1702"),("10216","3312"),
        ("10217","2705"),("10218","2713"),("10219","2211"),("10220","2207"),
        ("10221","2211"),("10222","1312"),("10223","2207"),("10224","3106"),
        ("10225","1106"),("10226","2306"),("10227","2713"),("10228","2208"),
        ("10229","2604"),("10230","2306"),("10231","2730"),("10232","2208"),
        ("10233","2205"),("10234","2737"),("10235","3306"),("10236","2304"),
        ("10237","1702"),("10238","2734"),("10239","3322"),("10240","1312"),
        ("10241","2805"),("10242","3203"),("10243","2613"),("10244","3109"),
        ("10245","2504"),("10246","1705"),("10247","2208"),("10248","3109"),
        ("10249","1705"),("10250","2731"),("10251","3103"),("10252","2736"),
        ("10253","2740"),("10254","2739"),("10255","1910"),("10256","3003"),
        ("10257","3506"),("10258","3205"),("10259","3312"),("10260","1710"),
        ("10261","1311"),("10262","2208"),("10263","3203"),("10264","2205"),
        ("10265","3310"),("10266","2306"),("10267","3304"),("10268","1312"),
        ("10269","1312"),("10270","1710"),("10271","1908"),("10272","3207"),
        ("10273","1705"),("10274","1605"),("10275","2505"),("10276","2746"),
        ("10277","2734"),("10278","2208"),("10279","2748"),("10280","2746"),
        ("10281","2208"),("10282","2003"),("10283","2805"),("10284","2215"),
        ("10285","2724"),("10286","1710"),("10287","2608"),("10288","2611"),
        ("10289","3320"),("10290","2729"),("10291","2727"),("10292","2705"),
        ("10293","2712"),("10294","1312"),("10295","2204"),("10296","2405"),
        ("10297","1211"),("10298","3313"),("10299","2208"),("10300","2713"),
        ("10301","1312"),("10302","2309"),("10303","1312"),("10304","2608"),
        ("10305","2208"),("10306","2504"),("10307","2733"),("10308","2745"),
        ("10309","2720"),("10310","2505"),("10311","2505"),("10312","3600"),
        ("10313","2508"),("10314","3312"),("10315","1800"),("10316","3205"),
        ("10317","1705"),("10318","3312"),("10319","2306"),("10320","1702"),
        ("10321","2505"),("10322","2740"),("10323","2204"),("10324","2310"),
        ("10325","3103"),("10326","2208"),("10327","3600"),("10328","1404"),
        ("10329","2712"),("10330","2312"),("10331","1707"),("10332","2306"),
        ("10333","1103"),("10334","2809"),("10335","2730"),("10336","2730"),
        ("10337","2721"),("10338","2204"),("10339","2206"),("10340","2713"),
        ("10341","2303"),("10342","2807"),("10343","1313"),("10344","1407"),
        ("10345","2720"),("10346","3106"),("10347","2306"),("10348","3306"),
        ("10349","3312"),("10350","3605"),("10351","2713"),("10352","2737"),
        ("10353","1604"),("10354","1605"),("10355","3312"),("10356","3505"),
        ("10357","1803"),("10358","3108"),("10359","3504"),("10360","2206"),
        ("10361","2208"),("10362","1212"),("10363","2208"),("10364","2739"),
        ("10365","2715"),("10366","1208"),("10367","1100"),("10368","3506"),
        ("10369","2208"),("10370","2213"),("10371","2403"),("10372","2741"),
        ("10373","2747"),("10374","1703"),("10375","3004"),("10376","3203"),
        ("10377","2211"),("10378","2741"),("10379","1307"),("10380","3306"),
        ("10381","2713"),("10382","3107"),("10383","1203"),("10384","3106"),
        ("10385","1105"),("10386","2210"),("10387","2916"),("10388","1707"),
        ("10389","2507"),("10390","2743"),("10391","2002"),("10392","2730"),
        ("10393","2002"),("10394","2746"),("10395","1803"),("10396","2211"),
        ("10397","2737"),("10398","1906"),("10399","2211"),("10400","1705"),
        ("10401","2712"),("10402","2204"),("10403","3205"),("10404","1312"),
        ("10405","1605"),("10406","3103"),("10407","1312"),("10408","2727"),
        ("10409","2208"),("10410","2611"),("10411","1106"),("10412","2204"),
        ("10413","1908"),("10414","2736"),("10415","1408"),("10416","2713"),
        ("10417","2740"),("10418","2745"),("10419","2310"),("10420","2728"),
        ("10421","3314"),("10422","1312"),("10423","2804"),("10424","2208"),
        ("10425","3107"),("10426","3203"),("10427","2805"),("10428","2404"),
        ("10429","2805"),("10430","1710"),("10431","1110"),("10432","1312"),
        ("10433","1306"),("10434","1110"),("10435","2305"),("10436","2703"),
        ("10437","3304"),("10438","2002"),("10439","1105"),("10440","2505"),
        ("10441","1312"),("10442","2746"),("10443","3320"),("10444","1707"),
        ("10445","2704"),("10446","3312"),("10447","2307"),("10448","2805"),
        ("10449","2740"),("10450","1104"),("10451","1110"),("10452","2720"),
        ("10453","2729"),("10454","2208"),("10455","2732"),("10456","1702"),
        ("10457","3304"),("10458","2746"),("10459","2738"),("10460","2208"),
        ("10461","2208"),("10462","1702"),("10463","3103"),("10464","1604"),
        ("10465","2805"),("10466","1902"),("10467","1803"),("10468","2105"),
        ("10469","2403"),("10470","1709"),("10471","2002"),("10472","2208"),
        ("10473","1110"),("10474","2505"),("10475","3207"),("10476","2105"),
        ("10477","3103"),("10478","2505"),("10479","2215"),("10480","1503"),
        ("10481","1704"),("10482","2739"),("10483","2804"),("10484","2215"),
        ("10485","3207"),("10486","1106"),("10487","1105"),("10488","2502"),
        ("10489","2807"),("10490","3107"),("10491","2212"),("10492","1307"),
        ("10493","1312"),("10494","1110"),("10495","1503"),("10496","2717"),
        ("10497","1312"),("10498","2738"),("10499","2745"),("10500","2206"),
        ("10501","2507"),("10502","2208"),("10503","2003"),("10504","2208"),
        ("10505","1312"),("10506","2403"),("10507","2204"),("10508","3604"),
        ("10509","3306"),("10510","2742"),("10511","2505"),("10512","2746"),
        ("10513","2507"),("10514","2211"),("10515","1306"),("10516","2727"),
        ("10517","1402"),("10518","2740"),("10519","1607"),("10520","1110"),
        ("10521","1312"),("10522","2741"),("10523","3107"),("10524","2207"),
        ("10525","3207"),("10526","2725"),("10527","3106"),("10528","2713"),
        ("10529","2802"),("10530","2502"),("10531","1707"),("10532","1607"),
        ("10533","1706"),("10534","2205"),("10535","2308"),("10536","3504"),
        ("10537","2738"),("10538","1710"),("10539","1408"),("10540","1304"),
        ("10541","2604"),("10542","2808"),("10543","2740"),("10544","2503"),
        ("10545","1703"),("10546","3320"),("10547","3205"),("10548","1605"),
        ("10549","2740"),("10550","2743"),("10551","2209"),("10552","2730"),
        ("10553","2206"),("10554","2716"),("10555","2306"),("10556","2730"),
        ("10557","3315"),("10558","2208"),("10559","2208"),("10560","2712"),
        ("10561","3304"),("10562","2746"),("10563","2741"),("10564","2310"),
        ("10565","3203"),("10566","3107"),("10567","2209"),("10568","2210"),
        ("10569","2746"),("10570","2730"),("10571","2207"),("10572","1908"),
        ("10573","2208"),("10574","3312"),("10575","1705"),("10576","2739"),
        ("10577","2303"),("10578","1605"),("10579","1705"),("10580","2403"),
        ("10581","2805"),("10582","2739"),("10583","2730"),("10584","1102"),
        ("10585","3317"),("10586","1707"),("10587","2713"),("10588","2610"),
        ("10589","3304"),("10590","2208"),("10591","3104"),("10592","2505"),
        ("10593","1312"),("10594","1311"),("10595","1205"),("10596","2916"),
        ("10597","2202"),("10598","2705"),("10599","2746"),("10600","2739"),
        ("10601","1707"),("10602","1312"),("10603","2208"),("10604","1312"),
        ("10605","2002"),("10606","2740"),("10607","2504"),("10608","2806"),
        ("10609","3312"),("10610","2502"),("10611","2208"),("10612","2504"),
        ("10613","1311"),("10614","2808"),("10615","2206"),("10616","1110"),
        ("10617","1307"),("10618","2740"),("10619","2746"),("10620","1306"),
        ("10621","1312"),("10622","3107"),("10623","2208"),("10624","2208"),
        ("10625","2713"),("10626","2202"),("10627","1707"),("10628","3320"),
        ("10629","3600"),("10630","2746"),("10631","1306"),("10632","2002"),
        ("10633","2210"),("10634","2723"),("10635","2210"),("10636","3204"),
        ("10637","1702"),("10638","1707"),("10639","1702"),("10640","1602"),
        ("10641","3604"),("10642","2741"),("10643","1910"),("10644","1902"),
        ("10645","2711"),("10646","3311"),("10647","1904"),("10648","1709"),
        ("10649","2720"),("10650","1106"),("10651","2208"),("10652","3312"),
        ("10653","2207"),("10654","2713"),("10655","2202"),("10656","3204"),
        ("10657","3107"),("10658","2713"),("10659","2303"),("10660","2507"),
        ("10661","2502"),("10662","2211"),("10663","2203"),("10664","1702"),
        ("10665","2740"),("10666","3107"),("10667","3205"),("10668","2729"),
        ("10669","2303"),("10670","2202"),("10671","2715"),("10672","2210"),
        ("10673","2729"),("10674","3304"),("10675","2204"),("10676","1302"),
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        ("11717","1208"),("11718","3612"),("11719","1803"),("11720","1803"),
        ("11721","2740"),("11722","3600"),("11723","2508"),("11724","2713"),
        ("11725","2403"),("11726","1407"),("11727","1703"),("11728","2746"),
        ("11729","1405"),("11730","2734"),("11731","2739"),("11732","2735"),
        ("11733","3108"),("11734","1404"),("11735","2728"),("11736","1312"),
        ("11737","2210"),("11738","2706"),("11739","2204"),("11740","1906"),
        ("11741","2209"),("11742","2000"),("11743","3312"),("11744","3600"),
        ("11745","1106"),("11746","1605"),("11747","1604"),("11748","1605"),
        ("11749","2207"),("11750","1110"),("11751","2206"),("11752","2730"),
        ("11753","2306"),("11754","2725"),("11755","3312"),("11756","3207"),
        ("11757","1908"),("11758","2504"),("11759","3609"),("11760","1110"),
        ("11761","3203"),("11762","2002"),("11763","2728"),("11764","1311"),
        ("11765","1312"),("11766","2504"),("11767","2406"),("11768","3207"),
        ("11769","1406"),("11770","2002"),("11771","1110"),("11772","1311"),
        ("11773","3604"),("11774","2210"),("11775","2741"),("11776","3312"),
        ("11777","2608"),("11778","2208"),("11779","3304"),("11780","2406"),
        ("11781","2311"),("11782","2504"),("11783","3320"),("11784","2105"),
        ("11785","2746"),("11786","1312"),("11787","3504"),("11788","2204"),
        ("11789","1111"),("11790","1605"),("11791","2303"),("11792","2002"),
        ("11793","3207"),("11794","1208"),("11795","3207"),("11796","1110"),
        ("11797","2208"),("11798","1803"),("11799","2211"),("11800","1710"),
        ("11801","2212"),("11802","2204"),("11803","3103"),("11804","3107"),
        ("11805","3311"),("11806","3304"),("11807","2205"),("11808","2204"),
        ("11809","1607"),("11810","1803"),("11811","2708"),("11812","2746"),
        ("11813","1710"),("11814","2209"),("11815","2748"),("11816","3600"),
        ("11817","2003"),("11818","1312"),("11819","2713"),("11820","3204"),
        ("11821","1508"),("11822","2608"),("11823","2000"),("11824","2739"),
        ("11825","1503"),("11826","2731"),("11827","2730"),("11828","2741"),
        ("11829","2611"),("11830","2604"),("11831","1605"),("11832","3600"),
        ("11833","2739"),("11834","2721"),("11835","3304"),("11836","1105"),
        ("11837","2210"),("11838","3312"),("11839","2712"),("11840","2703"),
        ("11841","1312"),("11842","2505"),("11843","1407"),("11844","1303"),
        ("11845","1312"),("11846","1204"),("11847","2215"),("11848","1312"),
        ("11849","1408"),("11850","2205"),("11851","2208"),("11852","2502"),
        ("11853","3107"),("11854","2211"),("11855","2746"),("11856","2211"),
        ("11857","1204"),("11858","3322"),("11859","3312"),("11860","2713"),
        ("11861","2706"),("11862","1100"),("11863","3318"),("11864","1408"),
        ("11865","2746"),("11866","2746"),("11867","2731"),("11868","2708"),
        ("11869","2304"),("11870","2205"),("11871","2613"),("11872","2808"),
        ("11873","2208"),("11874","2205"),("11875","2613"),("11876","3308"),
        ("11877","2105"),("11878","2505"),("11879","1312"),("11880","2309"),
        ("11881","2505"),("11882","1312"),("11883","2805"),("11884","1312"),
        ("11885","2741"),("11886","1111"),("11887","2505"),("11888","3318"),
        ("11889","1312"),("11890","1804"),("11891","1404"),("11892","2746"),
        ("11893","1208"),("11894","2741"),("11895","3312"),("11896","1705"),
        ("11897","3107"),("11898","2002"),("11899","3404"),("11900","1105"),
        ("11901","1702"),("11902","1702"),("11903","1402"),("11904","2203"),
        ("11905","3404"),("11906","3318"),("11907","2505"),("11908","1312"),
        ("11909","2737"),("11910","2741"),("11911","2002"),("11912","1404"),
        ("11913","2303"),("11914","2730"),("11915","2505"),("11916","1310"),
        ("11917","2716"),("11918","1803"),("11919","1312"),("11920","2207"),
        ("11921","2738"),("11922","2705"),("11923","2304"),("11924","1312"),
        ("11925","1106"),("11926","1911"),("11927","1312"),("11928","1311"),
        ("11929","2728"),("11930","2705"),("11931","3005"),("11932","2204"),
        ("11933","2215"),("11934","2737"),("11935","1208"),("11936","1506"),
        ("11937","1710"),("11938","1404"),("11939","1408"),("11940","2505"),
        ("11941","2213"),("11942","2203"),("11943","3005"),("11944","3312"),
        ("11945","2210"),("11946","2202"),("11947","1507"),("11948","2505"),
        ("11949","3108"),("11950","2746"),("11951","2746"),("11952","2311"),
        ("11953","2805"),("11954","2105"),("11955","2309"),("11956","1312"),
        ("11957","1106"),("11958","3505"),("11959","3600"),("11960","3103"),
        ("11961","2739"),("11962","2705"),("11963","2306"),("11964","2739"),
        ("11965","3107"),("11966","2502"),("11967","2740"),("11968","1311"),
        ("11969","2312"),("11970","1312"),("11971","3320"),("11972","2307"),
        ("11973","1110"),("11974","1311"),("11975","1702"),("11976","2003"),
        ("11977","3317"),("11978","2205"),("11979","1110"),("11980","3313"),
        ("11981","3312"),("11982","1211"),("11983","3204"),("11984","2204"),
        ("11985","2304"),("11986","1802"),("11987","2729"),("11988","2215"),
        ("11989","1605"),("11990","3604"),("11991","2745"),("11992","2208"),
        ("11993","3107"),("11994","3202"),("11995","1404"),("11996","3102"),
        ("11997","2805"),("11998","3311"),("11999","2738"),("12000","2207"),
        ("12001","1105"),("12002","1703"),("12003","1102"),("12004","3107"),
        ("12005","2737"),("12006","3207"),("12007","2202"),("12008","2105"),
        ("12009","1312"),("12010","1803"),("12011","3317"),("12012","2502"),
        ("12013","2308"),("12014","2309"),("12015","2204"),("12016","1710"),
        ("12017","2311"),("12018","2740"),("12019","2202"),("12020","2746"),
        ("12021","3304"),("12022","2205"),("12023","2736"),("12024","2208"),
        ("12025","2721"),("12026","1702"),("12027","3306"),("12028","3315"),
        ("12029","1312"),("12030","1312"),("12031","1702"),("12032","3205"),
        ("12033","1100"),("12034","1710"),("12035","2805"),("12036","3316"),
        ("12037","2604"),("12038","2505"),("12039","2508"),("12040","1408"),
        ("12041","3600"),("12042","2202"),("12043","1109"),("12044","1606"),
        ("12045","1110"),("12046","2505"),("12047","2725"),("12048","1106"),
        ("12049","2737"),("12050","2204"),("12051","3205"),("12052","2002"),
        ("12053","2746"),("12054","2739"),("12055","2741"),("12056","2613"),
        ("12057","2739"),("12058","1110"),("12059","2736"),("12060","3304"),
        ("12061","2804"),("12062","2613"),("12063","2206"),("12064","2746"),
        ("12065","1307"),("12066","3611"),("12067","2740"),("12068","2735"),
        ("12069","2602"),("12070","3304"),("12071","2212"),("12072","1702"),
        ("12073","2303"),("12074","2204"),("12075","2916"),("12076","1202"),
        ("12077","3107"),("12078","2204"),("12079","2208"),("12080","2210"),
        ("12081","2202"),("12082","2705"),("12083","1904"),("12084","2507"),
        ("12085","2502"),("12086","2210"),("12087","1110"),("12088","3312"),
        ("12089","2746"),("12090","3316"),("12091","2303"),("12092","2302"),
        ("12093","1110"),("12094","1307"),("12095","2203"),("12096","2739"),
        ("12097","2303"),("12098","1100"),("12099","2210"),("12100","1703"),
        ("12101","1803"),("12102","2205"),("12103","2730"),("12104","1312"),
        ("12105","2215"),("12106","2210"),("12107","2725"),("12108","2746"),
        ("12109","3312"),("12110","2745"),("12111","2209"),("12112","1503"),
        ("12113","1110"),("12114","1106"),("12115","1110"),("12116","2725"),
        ("12117","2746"),("12118","2211"),("12119","1211"),("12120","2305"),
        ("12121","1408"),("12122","1708"),("12123","1402"),("12124","2214"),
        ("12125","2202"),("12126","2305"),("12127","1705"),("12128","1702"),
        ("12129","2100"),("12130","1208"),("12131","1702"),("12132","1105"),
        ("12133","1211"),("12134","1109"),("12135","2613"),("12136","1604"),
        ("12137","2002"),("12138","3609"),("12139","2210"),("12140","1312"),
        ("12141","2206"),("12142","1911"),("12143","3312"),("12144","3314"),
        ("12145","3504"),("12146","2208"),("12147","3322"),("12148","3308"),
        ("12149","2505"),("12150","2746"),("12151","3600"),("12152","2205"),
        ("12153","3105"),("12154","2746"),("12155","2208"),("12156","3320"),
        ("12157","1702"),("12158","2202"),("12159","2403"),("12160","3304"),
        ("12161","1110"),("12162","1703"),("12163","2208"),("12164","1211"),
        ("12165","2308"),("12166","2206"),("12167","1308"),("12168","2739"),
        ("12169","2210"),("12170","2614"),("12171","1706"),("12172","2730"),
        ("12173","2746"),("12174","2711"),("12175","3207"),("12176","2209"),
        ("12177","1803"),("12178","2405"),("12179","1213"),("12180","2303"),
        ("12181","1106"),("12182","1207"),("12183","2746"),("12184","1208"),
        ("12185","1408"),("12186","2311"),("12187","1312"),("12188","2216"),
        ("12189","1605"),("12190","2215"),("12191","1605"),("12192","1106"),
        ("12193","2734"),("12194","3312"),("12195","1607"),("12196","3600"),
        ("12197","2203"),("12198","2740"),("12199","2716"),("12200","2504"),
        ("12201","2210"),("12202","1902"),("12203","1705"),("12204","3304"),
        ("12205","1711"),("12206","2207"),("12207","3609"),("12208","2739"),
        ("12209","2732"),("12210","3320"),("12211","1110"),("12212","2728"),
        ("12213","2306"),("12214","1208"),("12215","1312"),("12216","1705"),
        ("12217","3304"),("12218","1906"),("12219","3312"),("12220","3107"),
        ("12221","3320"),("12222","2208"),("12223","2405"),("12224","2204"),
        ("12225","1408"),("12226","2728"),("12227","2308"),("12228","1605"),
        ("12229","2735"),("12230","2705"),("12231","3312"),("12232","1311"),
        ("12233","2205"),("12234","1109"),("12235","2735"),("12236","2804"),
        ("12237","2746"),("12238","2208"),("12239","2215"),("12240","1605"),
        ("12241","3204"),("12242","3316"),("12243","1110"),("12244","2911"),
        ("12245","3203"),("12246","2713"),("12247","2305"),("12248","3320"),
        ("12249","3404"),("12250","3109"),("12251","1605"),("12252","2211"),
        ("12253","1110"),("12254","1312"),("12255","2403"),("12256","3207"),
        ("12257","1312"),("12258","3203"),("12259","3312"),("12260","1702"),
        ("12261","3109"),("12262","1702"),("12263","3312"),("12264","2746"),
        ("12265","3306"),("12266","1205"),("12267","2737"),("12268","3207"),
        ("12269","2732"),("12270","1605"),("12271","2105"),("12272","2741"),
        ("12273","3322"),("12274","1606"),("12275","3318"),("12276","1402"),
        ("12277","2208"),("12278","2730"),("12279","2737"),("12280","2916"),
        ("12281","3404"),("12282","2210"),("12283","1213"),("12284","3312"),
        ("12285","2204"),("12286","2737"),("12287","1312"),("12288","1705"),
        ("12289","3309"),("12290","2207"),("12291","2705"),("12292","1707"),
        ("12293","2205"),("12294","1111"),("12295","3312"),("12296","2741"),
        ("12297","2725"),("12298","2707"),("12299","2505"),("12300","2208"),
        ("12301","2728"),("12302","2505"),("12303","2605"),("12304","2206"),
        ("12305","1110"),("12306","2215"),("12307","1204"),("12308","1211"),
        ("12309","2208"),("12310","1102"),("12311","3312"),("12312","3317"),
        ("12313","3207"),("12314","2916"),("12315","3612"),("12316","2310"),
        ("12317","2726"),("12318","1605"),("12319","1104"),("12320","3312"),
        ("12321","1109"),("12322","3404"),("12323","3316"),("12324","1202"),
        ("12325","2215"),("12326","1708"),("12327","1606"),("12328","2713"),
        ("12329","1105"),("12330","1106"),("12331","2804"),("12332","3320"),
        ("12333","2740"),("12334","2730"),("12335","3203"),("12336","1109"),
        ("12337","3312"),("12338","1710"),("12339","3611"),("12340","2505"),
        ("12341","1203"),("12342","2746"),("12343","3305"),("12344","1110"),
        ("12345","3304"),("12346","1110"),("12347","3004"),("12348","2308"),
        ("12349","1106"),("12350","2212"),("12351","2608"),("12352","2746"),
        ("12353","1203"),("12354","3304"),("12355","1311"),("12356","3005"),
        ("12357","1707"),("12358","2505"),("12359","1105"),("12360","1312"),
        ("12361","1105"),("12362","2211"),("12363","3304"),("12364","1912"),
        ("12365","1103"),("12366","1211"),("12367","3604"),("12368","1803"),
        ("12369","2713"),("12370","1311"),("12371","2210"),("12372","1206"),
        ("12373","1203"),("12374","3308"),("12375","3312"),("12376","1407"),
        ("12377","1208"),("12378","1402"),
    ];
    match MAP.binary_search_by_key(&topic, |&(k, _)| k) {
        Ok(i) => MAP[i].1,
        Err(_) => "",
    }
}

// ── OpenAlex subfield → OECD FOS mapping ─────────────────────────────────────

/// Map an OpenAlex subfield numeric ID to the OECD Fields of Science category name.
/// Returns `""` if not found.
///
/// Entries are sorted by key for binary search.
pub fn subfield_to_fos(subfield: &str) -> &'static str {
    const MAP: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
        ("1100","Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries"),
        ("1102","Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries"),
        ("1103","Animal and dairy science"),
        ("1104","Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries"),
        ("1105","Biological sciences"),
        ("1106","Other agricultural sciences"),
        ("1107","Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries"),
        ("1108","Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries"),
        ("1109","Biological sciences"),
        ("1110","Biological sciences"),
        ("1111","Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries"),
        ("1200","Other humanities"),
        ("1202","History and archaeology"),
        ("1203","Languages and literature"),
        ("1204","History and archaeology"),
        ("1205","Other humanities"),
        ("1206","Other humanities"),
        ("1207","Other humanities"),
        ("1208","Languages and literature"),
        ("1209","Other humanities"),
        ("1210","Art (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)"),
        ("1211","Philosophy, ethics and religion"),
        ("1212","Philosophy, ethics and religion"),
        ("1213","Art (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)"),
        ("1302","Other medical sciences"),
        ("1303","Basic medicine"),
        ("1304","Basic medicine"),
        ("1305","Health biotechnology"),
        ("1306","Basic medicine"),
        ("1307","Biological sciences"),
        ("1308","Basic medicine"),
        ("1309","Biological sciences"),
        ("1310","Basic medicine"),
        ("1311","Biological sciences"),
        ("1312","Biological sciences"),
        ("1313","Basic medicine"),
        ("1314","Basic medicine"),
        ("1315","Basic medicine"),
        ("1402","Economics and business"),
        ("1403","Economics and business"),
        ("1404","Economics and business"),
        ("1405","Economics and business"),
        ("1406","Economics and business"),
        ("1407","Economics and business"),
        ("1408","Economics and business"),
        ("1409","Economics and business"),
        ("1410","Economics and business"),
        ("1502","Medical engineering"),
        ("1503","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("1504","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("1506","Chemical engineering"),
        ("1507","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("1508","Chemical engineering"),
        ("1602","Chemical sciences"),
        ("1603","Chemical sciences"),
        ("1604","Chemical sciences"),
        ("1605","Chemical sciences"),
        ("1606","Chemical sciences"),
        ("1607","Chemical sciences"),
        ("1702","Computer and information sciences"),
        ("1703","Computer and information sciences"),
        ("1704","Computer and information sciences"),
        ("1705","Computer and information sciences"),
        ("1706","Computer and information sciences"),
        ("1707","Computer and information sciences"),
        ("1708","Computer and information sciences"),
        ("1709","Computer and information sciences"),
        ("1710","Computer and information sciences"),
        ("1711","Computer and information sciences"),
        ("1712","Computer and information sciences"),
        ("1800","Economics and business"),
        ("1802","Economics and business"),
        ("1803","Economics and business"),
        ("1804","Mathematics"),
        ("1902","Earth and related environmental sciences"),
        ("1904","Earth and related environmental sciences"),
        ("1906","Earth and related environmental sciences"),
        ("1907","Earth and related environmental sciences"),
        ("1908","Earth and related environmental sciences"),
        ("1910","Earth and related environmental sciences"),
        ("1911","Earth and related environmental sciences"),
        ("1912","Physical sciences"),
        ("2000","Economics and business"),
        ("2002","Economics and business"),
        ("2003","Economics and business"),
        ("2100","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("2102","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("2103","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("2104","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("2105","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("2200","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("2202","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("2203","Mechanical engineering"),
        ("2204","Medical engineering"),
        ("2205","Civil engineering"),
        ("2206","Mechanical engineering"),
        ("2207","Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering"),
        ("2208","Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering"),
        ("2209","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("2210","Mechanical engineering"),
        ("2211","Mechanical engineering"),
        ("2212","Mechanical engineering"),
        ("2213","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("2214","Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering"),
        ("2215","Materials engineering"),
        ("2216","Civil engineering"),
        ("2302","Earth and related environmental sciences"),
        ("2303","Earth and related environmental sciences"),
        ("2304","Environmental engineering"),
        ("2305","Environmental engineering"),
        ("2306","Earth and related environmental sciences"),
        ("2307","Environmental engineering"),
        ("2308","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("2309","Environmental engineering"),
        ("2310","Environmental engineering"),
        ("2311","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("2312","Other engineering and technologies"),
        ("2402","Industrial Biotechnology"),
        ("2403","Basic medicine"),
        ("2404","Basic medicine"),
        ("2405","Basic medicine"),
        ("2406","Basic medicine"),
        ("2500","Materials engineering"),
        ("2502","Chemical sciences"),
        ("2503","Materials engineering"),
        ("2504","Materials engineering"),
        ("2505","Chemical sciences"),
        ("2506","Materials engineering"),
        ("2507","Materials engineering"),
        ("2508","Materials engineering"),
        ("2602","Mathematics"),
        ("2604","Mathematics"),
        ("2605","Mathematics"),
        ("2607","Mathematics"),
        ("2608","Mathematics"),
        ("2610","Mathematics"),
        ("2611","Mathematics"),
        ("2612","Mathematics"),
        ("2613","Mathematics"),
        ("2614","Mathematics"),
        ("2702","Basic medicine"),
        ("2703","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2704","Basic medicine"),
        ("2705","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2706","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2707","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2708","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2711","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2712","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2713","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2714","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2715","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2716","Basic medicine"),
        ("2717","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2718","Health sciences"),
        ("2720","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2721","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2723","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2724","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2725","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2726","Basic medicine"),
        ("2727","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2728","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2729","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2730","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2731","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2732","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2733","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2734","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2735","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2736","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2737","Basic medicine"),
        ("2738","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2739","Health sciences"),
        ("2740","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2741","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2742","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2743","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2745","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2746","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2747","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2748","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2802","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2803","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2804","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2805","Psychology"),
        ("2806","Psychology"),
        ("2807","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2808","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2809","Clinical medicine"),
        ("2910","Other medical sciences"),
        ("2911","Other medical sciences"),
        ("2916","Health sciences"),
        ("2922","Other medical sciences"),
        ("3002","Other medical sciences"),
        ("3003","Other medical sciences"),
        ("3004","Health biotechnology"),
        ("3005","Other medical sciences"),
        ("3102","Physical sciences"),
        ("3103","Physical sciences"),
        ("3104","Physical sciences"),
        ("3105","Physical sciences"),
        ("3106","Physical sciences"),
        ("3107","Physical sciences"),
        ("3108","Physical sciences"),
        ("3109","Physical sciences"),
        ("3200","Psychology"),
        ("3202","Psychology"),
        ("3203","Psychology"),
        ("3204","Psychology"),
        ("3205","Psychology"),
        ("3206","Psychology"),
        ("3207","Psychology"),
        ("3300","Other social sciences"),
        ("3302","History and archaeology"),
        ("3303","Other social sciences"),
        ("3304","Educational sciences"),
        ("3305","Social and economic geography"),
        ("3306","Other social sciences"),
        ("3307","Other social sciences"),
        ("3308","Law"),
        ("3309","Other humanities"),
        ("3310","Languages and literature"),
        ("3311","Other social sciences"),
        ("3312","Sociology"),
        ("3313","Other social sciences"),
        ("3314","Other social sciences"),
        ("3315","Media and communications"),
        ("3316","Media and communications"),
        ("3317","Other social sciences"),
        ("3318","Other social sciences"),
        ("3319","Other social sciences"),
        ("3320","Political Science"),
        ("3321","Other social sciences"),
        ("3322","Other social sciences"),
        ("3402","Veterinary science"),
        ("3404","Veterinary science"),
        ("3500","Other medical sciences"),
        ("3504","Other medical sciences"),
        ("3505","Other medical sciences"),
        ("3506","Other medical sciences"),
        ("3600","Health sciences"),
        ("3603","Health sciences"),
        ("3604","Health sciences"),
        ("3605","Health sciences"),
        ("3607","Health sciences"),
        ("3608","Health sciences"),
        ("3609","Health sciences"),
        ("3611","Health sciences"),
        ("3612","Health sciences"),
        ("3614","Medical engineering"),
        ("3616","Health sciences"),
    ];
    match MAP.binary_search_by_key(&subfield, |&(k, _)| k) {
        Ok(i) => MAP[i].1,
        Err(_) => "",
    }
}

// ── DOI Registration Agencies ─────────────────────────────────────────────────

/// A DOI Registration Agency (RA).
///
/// Variant names and their string representations match the values returned by
/// the DOI RA lookup API: `https://doi.org/doiRA/{prefix}`
/// e.g. `https://doi.org/doiRA/10.5555` → `[{"DOI":"10.5555","RA":"Crossref"}]`
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum DoiRegistrationAgency {
    Crossref,
    DataCite,
    /// Multilingual European DOI Registration Agency
    Medra,
    /// Japan Link Center
    JaLC,
    /// Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information
    Kisti,
    /// China National Knowledge Infrastructure
    Cnki,
    /// Publications Office of the European Union
    Op,
    /// Airiti (Taiwan)
    Airiti,
    /// Entertainment Identifier Registry
    Eidr,
    Unknown,
}

impl DoiRegistrationAgency {
    /// Parse from the string returned by the DOI RA API (`RA` field).
    pub fn from_api_name(name: &str) -> Self {
        match name {
            "Crossref" => Self::Crossref,
            "DataCite" => Self::DataCite,
            "mEDRA" => Self::Medra,
            "JaLC" => Self::JaLC,
            "KISTI" => Self::Kisti,
            "CNKI" => Self::Cnki,
            "OP" => Self::Op,
            "Airiti" => Self::Airiti,
            "EIDR" => Self::Eidr,
            _ => Self::Unknown,
        }
    }

    /// The canonical string for this RA as returned by the DOI RA API.
    pub fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            Self::Crossref => "Crossref",
            Self::DataCite => "DataCite",
            Self::Medra => "mEDRA",
            Self::JaLC => "JaLC",
            Self::Kisti => "KISTI",
            Self::Cnki => "CNKI",
            Self::Op => "OP",
            Self::Airiti => "Airiti",
            Self::Eidr => "EIDR",
            Self::Unknown => "Unknown",
        }
    }

    /// Return the DOI RA lookup URL for a given DOI prefix.
    pub fn lookup_url(prefix: &str) -> String {
        format!("https://doi.org/doiRA/{}", prefix)
    }
}