cnf-lib 0.6.0

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: (C) 2023 Andreas Hartmann <hartan@7x.de>
// This file is part of cnf-lib, available at <https://gitlab.com/hartang/rust/cnf>

//! # Command providers
//!
//! Command providers can be anything from where a command could be installed. These differ from
//! the environments in that a provider merely tells whether a program can be found there or not,
//! but it doesn't provide the ability to immediately run the program. On the other hand, an
//! execution environment is something that allows the active execution of commands.
//!
//! Generally speaking, a provider is any sort of package manager (`cargo`, `pip`, `apt`, `dnf`,
//! ...).
//!
//! Execution environments may have zero or more providers available. Containers usually don't have
//! providers, whereas a host operating system will offer some means of installing packages.
//!
//!
//! ## Implementing a new provider
//!
//! The following instructions relate to writing a new provider in Rust, with the goal of inclusion
//! into the application in mind. Of course you don't have to submit your own provider for
//! inclusion if you don't want to. Similarly, you can write a [`mod@custom`] provider first and
//! then open an issue to discuss long-term reimplementation and inclusion in the application.
//!
//! Here are the mandatory steps you must take to write a new provider:
//!
//! - Create a new module file in the `providers` module (here) and name if after the desired
//!   provider.
//! - Next, in the `providers` root module:
//!     1. Include your new module (`pub mod ...`)
//!     2. Import the module into the code (`use ...`)
//!     3. Add your new module to the [`Provider`] struct
//!     4. Pass through the [`fmt::Display`] of your new module for [`Provider`]
//! - In your new provider module:
//!     1. Import the prelude: `use crate::provider::prelude::*;`
//!     2. Create a new type (struct) for your provider with any internal state you need (or none
//!        at all)
//!     3. Implement [`fmt::Display`], **and please adhere to the projects naming convention**. For
//!        example, `dnf` is usually referred to as DNF.
//!     4. Implement [`IsProvider`] for your new provider
//!     5. (Optional) Write some tests, in case your provider can be tested
//! - In `src/lib.rs`:
//!     1. Add your provider into the `providers` vector
//!
//! Following you will find a set of guidelines to help you in the process of writing a robust
//! provider. It's written as a checklist, so feel free to copy it and check the boxes if you want.
//!
//! - Interacting with the provider:
//!     - [ ] Test all the different existent queries you can find (i.e. when your provider returns
//!       a successful result for existing applications). Some providers change their output format
//!       based on what they find, for example by adding optional fields.
//!     - [ ] Test a non-existent search query (Personally I like 'asdwasda' for that purpose) and
//!       return such errors as [`ProviderError::NotFound`]
//!     - [ ] When pre-conditions for your provider aren't fulfilled (i.e. it needs a specific
//!       application/package manager), return a [`ProviderError::Requirements`]
//!     - [ ] Prefer offline operation and fall back to online operation only when e.g. package
//!       manager caches don't exist. Log an info message in such cases so the user can deduce from
//!       the log why searching took longer than expected.
//!     - [ ] Prefer parsing results from machine-readable output when possible
//! - Error handling:
//!     - [ ] **Never cause a panic** by calling e.g. [`unwrap()`](`Result::unwrap()`): Prefer
//!       wrapping errors into [`anyhow::Error`] and returning that as
//!       [`ProviderError::ApplicationError`] instead. Panics ruin the TUI output and don't add any
//!       value for the end-user.
//!     - [ ] If you want to recover from errors, consider writing a concrete error type for your
//!       provider
//!     - [ ] Check if [`ProviderError`] already has the error variant you need and reuse that
//!       before reimplementing your own version of it
//! - Other things:
//!     - [ ] A [`Candidate`] must have *at least* its' `package` and `actions.execute` fields
//!       populated. Try to populate as many as you can.
//!     - [ ] Prefer a precise search and returning only few relevant results over generic searches
//!       with many results. Built-in providers currently try to stick with less or equal 10 results
//!       each.
//!     - [ ] Try to check whether any of the results you find are already installed. Most package
//!       managers will happily report that e.g. `coreutils` provides the `ls` command, but
//!       `coreutils` is likely already installed.
//!
//! Feel free to look at some of the existing providers as a reference.
pub mod apt;
pub mod cargo;
pub mod custom;
pub mod cwd;
pub mod dnf;
pub mod flatpak;
pub mod pacman;
pub mod path;

use crate::error::prelude::*;
use enum_dispatch::enum_dispatch;
use futures::TryFutureExt;
use prelude::*;
use serde_derive::Deserialize;
use std::process::ExitStatus;

use apt::Apt;
use cargo::Cargo;
use custom::Custom;
use cwd::Cwd;
use dnf::Dnf;
use flatpak::Flatpak;
use pacman::Pacman;
use path::Path;

#[allow(unused_imports)]
pub(crate) mod prelude {
    pub(crate) use crate::{
        environment::{Environment, ExecutionError, IsEnvironment},
        provider::{Actions, Candidate, Error as ProviderError, IsProvider, Provider, Query},
        util::{CommandLine, OutputMatcher, cmd},
    };

    pub(crate) use anyhow::{Context, anyhow};
    pub(crate) use async_trait::async_trait;
    pub(crate) use displaydoc::Display;
    pub(crate) use logerr::LoggableError;
    pub(crate) use thiserror::Error as ThisError;
    pub(crate) use tracing::{Instrument, debug, error, info, trace, warn};

    pub(crate) use std::{fmt, sync::Arc};

    pub(crate) type ProviderResult<T> = std::result::Result<T, ProviderError>;
}

/// A command provider.
#[async_trait]
#[enum_dispatch]
pub trait IsProvider: std::fmt::Debug + std::fmt::Display {
    /// Search for a command with this provider in `env`.
    async fn search_internal(
        &self,
        command: &str,
        target_env: Arc<crate::environment::Environment>,
    ) -> ProviderResult<Vec<Candidate>>;
}

/// Search for `command` inside the given [`IsProvider`], targeting a specific [`Environment`].
///
/// Calls the [`IsProvider`]s search function and wraps the result in a more digestible [`Query`]
/// instance.
// Record provider and env through display impls because it's much more readable
#[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(provider, target_env), fields(%target_env, %provider))]
pub async fn search_in(
    provider: Arc<Provider>,
    command: &str,
    target_env: Arc<Environment>,
) -> Query {
    let results =
        match IsProvider::search_internal(provider.as_ref(), command, target_env.clone()).await {
            Ok(results) if !results.is_empty() => Ok(results),
            // Provider didn't error but turned up no results either, so this is a "not found"
            Ok(_) => Err(ProviderError::NotFound(command.to_string())),
            Err(error) => Err(error),
        };

    Query {
        env: target_env,
        provider,
        term: command.to_string(),
        results,
    }
}

/// Wrapper type for everything implementing [`IsProvider`].
#[enum_dispatch(IsProvider)]
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
pub enum Provider {
    /// `apt`, the default package manager on Ubuntu, Debian and other derivations of those.
    Apt,
    /// `cargo`, the package manager for the Rust programming language.
    Cargo,
    /// Custom provider for user extensions.
    Custom,
    /// Pseudo-provider searching for (non-)executable files in the current working directory.
    Cwd,
    /// `dnf`, the default package manager on Fedora, RedHat and other derivations ot those.
    Dnf,
    /// `flatpak`, the CLI executable for the flatpak application ecosystem.
    Flatpak,
    /// `pacman`, the default package manager for Arch Linux and other derivations of that.
    Pacman,
    /// Pseudo-provider searching for packages in the directories specified by `$PATH`.
    Path,
}

impl fmt::Display for Provider {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::Apt(val) => write!(f, "{}", val),
            Self::Cargo(val) => write!(f, "{}", val),
            Self::Custom(val) => write!(f, "{}", val),
            Self::Cwd(val) => write!(f, "{}", val),
            Self::Dnf(val) => write!(f, "{}", val),
            Self::Flatpak(val) => write!(f, "{}", val),
            Self::Pacman(val) => write!(f, "{}", val),
            Self::Path(val) => write!(f, "{}", val),
        }
    }
}

/// A convenient representation of a search query with its' results.
///
/// Refer to [`search_in`] to see how to obtain a `Query` conveniently.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Query {
    /// The environment where the query was executed
    pub env: Arc<crate::environment::Environment>,
    /// The provider that generated this query result
    pub provider: Arc<Provider>,
    /// The term that was searched for
    pub term: String,
    /// Result of the query
    pub results: ProviderResult<Vec<Candidate>>,
}

impl Query {
    /// Install result number `index`.
    ///
    /// Picks the [`Candidate`] at the given `index` if it exists, and attempts to execute their
    /// `install` action, if one is provided.
    pub async fn install(&self, index: usize) -> Result<()> {
        let err_context = || {
            format!(
                "failed to install package '{}' from {} inside {}",
                self.term, self.provider, self.env,
            )
        };

        let results = self
            .results
            .as_ref()
            .or_else(|error| {
                Err(anyhow::anyhow!("{}", error)).with_context(|| {
                    format!("provider '{}' doesn't offer results to run", self.provider)
                })
            })
            .with_context(err_context)?;
        let candidate = results
            .get(index)
            .with_context(|| format!("requested candidate {} doesn't exist", index))
            .with_context(err_context)?;

        if let Some(ref command) = candidate.actions.install {
            let mut command = command.clone();
            command.is_interactive(true);
            self.env
                .execute(command)
                .map_err(anyhow::Error::new)
                .and_then(|mut cmd| cmd.status().map_err(anyhow::Error::new))
                .await
                .with_context(err_context)
                .map_err(CnfError::ApplicationError)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Execute result number `index`.
    ///
    /// Picks the [`Candidate`] at the given `index` if it exists, and attempts to execute their
    /// `execute` action, if one is provided.
    pub async fn run(&self, index: usize, args: &[&str]) -> Result<ExitStatus> {
        let err_context = || {
            format!(
                "failed to run package '{}' from {} inside {}",
                self.term, self.provider, self.env,
            )
        };

        let results = self
            .results
            .as_ref()
            .or_else(|error| {
                Err(anyhow::anyhow!("{}", error)).with_context(|| {
                    format!("provider '{}' doesn't offer results to run", self.provider)
                })
            })
            .with_context(err_context)?;
        let candidate = results
            .get(index)
            .with_context(|| format!("requested candidate {} doesn't exist", index))
            .with_context(err_context)?;

        let mut command = candidate.actions.execute.clone();
        command.is_interactive(true);
        command.append(args);
        self.env
            .execute(command)
            .map_err(anyhow::Error::new)
            .and_then(|mut cmd| cmd.status().map_err(anyhow::Error::new))
            .await
            .with_context(err_context)
            .map_err(CnfError::ApplicationError)
    }
}

/// Potential candidate for a command.
#[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
pub struct Candidate {
    /// Name of the package/command that provides "command" to be found
    pub package: String,
    /// Description of the package/command
    #[serde(default)]
    pub description: String,
    /// Version of the package/command
    #[serde(default)]
    pub version: String,
    /// Origin of the package/command
    #[serde(default)]
    pub origin: String,
    /// Actions available on this candidate
    pub actions: Actions,
}

impl fmt::Display for Candidate {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        macro_rules! write_format {
            ($string:expr, $var:expr) => {
                writeln!(
                    f,
                    "{:>14}: {}",
                    $string,
                    if $var.is_empty() { "n/a" } else { $var }
                )
            };
        }

        write_format!("Package", &self.package)?;
        write_format!("Description", &self.description)?;
        write_format!("Version", &self.version)?;
        write_format!("Origin", &self.origin)?;
        write_format!(
            "Needs install",
            if self.actions.install.is_some() {
                "yes"
            } else {
                "no"
            }
        )
    }
}

/// Action specification for a [Candidate].
#[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
pub struct Actions {
    /// Action to install a [Candidate]. If this is `None`, the candidate doesn't require
    /// installing (most likely because it is already installed/available). A `Some(_)` contains
    /// the command to execute in order to install the [Candidate].
    #[serde(default)]
    pub install: Option<CommandLine>,
    /// Action to execute a [Candidate]. Must contain the command required to execute this
    /// candidate
    pub execute: CommandLine,
}

/// Possible errors arising from provider interactions.
#[derive(ThisError, Debug)]
pub enum Error {
    /// Requested executable couldn't be found.
    ///
    /// Return this error if the executable that `cnf` is queried for cannot be found in a
    /// provider. If the provider has other issues (i.e. a certain package manager isn't
    /// present), return a [`Requirements`][ProviderError::Requirements] error instead.
    #[error("command not found: '{0}'")]
    NotFound(String),

    /// Provider requirements aren't fulfilled (e.g. some binary/package manager is missing).
    ///
    /// Please provide a human-readable, actionable description of what the respective provider
    /// requires.
    #[error("requirement not fulfilled: '{0}'")]
    Requirements(String),

    /// Transparent error from any source.
    #[error(transparent)]
    ApplicationError(#[from] anyhow::Error),

    /// Required feature not implemented yet.
    #[error("please implement '{0}' first!")]
    NotImplemented(String),

    /// Unspecified error during command execution.
    #[error(transparent)]
    Execution(ExecutionError),
}

impl From<CnfError> for ProviderError {
    fn from(value: CnfError) -> Self {
        match value {
            CnfError::ApplicationError(val) => Self::ApplicationError(val),
            _ => Self::ApplicationError(anyhow::Error::new(value)),
        }
    }
}

impl From<ExecutionError> for ProviderError {
    fn from(value: ExecutionError) -> Self {
        match value {
            ExecutionError::NotFound(val) => ProviderError::Requirements(val),
            _ => ProviderError::Execution(value),
        }
    }
}