[module]
name = "make"
description = "Automate build steps and tasks with Makefiles"
version = 1
[intro]
text = """
## What is make?
`make` is a build automation tool. It reads a `Makefile` that defines targets, their dependencies, and the shell commands to run. Originally designed for compiling code, it is widely used today as a task runner for any project.
## Makefile Syntax
```makefile
target: dependency1 dependency2
\tcommand to run
\tanother command
```
- Each **target** is a name you can run with `make <target>`
- **Dependencies** listed after `:` must be built first
- Commands must be indented with a **tab** (not spaces)
- A line starting with `@` suppresses the command echo
## Common Flags
- `make` — run the first (default) target
- `make <target>` — run a specific target
- `make -s` — silent mode, suppress command echoing
- `make VAR=value` — override a Makefile variable on the command line
- `make -n` — dry run, print commands without running them
## Variables
```makefile
VERSION = 1.0.0
release:
\t@echo "Releasing $(VERSION)"
```
Override at call time: `make release VERSION=2.0.0`
## .PHONY
Declare targets that are not files — prevents conflicts with files of the same name:
```makefile
.PHONY: build test clean
```
"""
[[examples]]
title = "Run a named target"
description = "Execute the greet target from the Makefile"
command = "make -s greet"
output = "Hello!\n"
[[examples]]
title = "Override a variable"
description = "Pass a variable on the command line to override the default"
command = "make -s greet NAME=Alice"
output = "Hello, Alice!\n"
[[examples]]
title = "Chained dependencies"
description = "Running package also runs its dependencies in order"
command = "make -s package"
output = "Compiling...\nLinking...\nPackaging...\n"
[[exercises]]
id = "make.1"
difficulty = "beginner"
question = """A `Makefile` is already present. Run the `greet` target."""
expected_output = "Hello, World!\n"
hints = [
"Use make -s to suppress the recipe echo",
"Try: make -s greet",
]
solution = "make -s greet"
match_mode = "exact"
[[exercises.fixtures]]
filename = "Makefile"
content = "greet:\n\t@echo \"Hello, World!\"\n"
[[exercises]]
id = "make.2"
difficulty = "beginner"
question = """Run `make` without specifying a target. The first target in the `Makefile` is the default."""
expected_output = "Building project...\n"
hints = [
"Running make with no arguments runs the first target defined in the Makefile",
"Try: make -s",
]
solution = "make -s"
match_mode = "exact"
[[exercises.fixtures]]
filename = "Makefile"
content = "build:\n\t@echo \"Building project...\"\n"
[[exercises]]
id = "make.3"
difficulty = "intermediate"
question = """Run the `package` target. It depends on `build`, which depends on `compile`.
Make runs dependencies in order before the requested target."""
expected_output = "Compiling...\nBuilding...\nPackaging...\n"
hints = [
"Dependencies run depth-first before the target that requires them",
"Try: make -s package",
]
solution = "make -s package"
match_mode = "exact"
[[exercises.fixtures]]
filename = "Makefile"
content = "compile:\n\t@echo \"Compiling...\"\n\nbuild: compile\n\t@echo \"Building...\"\n\npackage: build\n\t@echo \"Packaging...\"\n"
[[exercises]]
id = "make.4"
difficulty = "intermediate"
question = """The `Makefile` defines a `VERSION` variable. Run the `version` target to print it."""
expected_output = "v1.0.0\n"
hints = [
"Variables in Makefiles are referenced with $(VAR_NAME)",
"Try: make -s version",
]
solution = "make -s version"
match_mode = "exact"
[[exercises.fixtures]]
filename = "Makefile"
content = "VERSION = v1.0.0\n\nversion:\n\t@echo \"$(VERSION)\"\n"
[[exercises]]
id = "make.5"
difficulty = "intermediate"
question = """The `Makefile` has a `greet` target that uses a `NAME` variable (default: "User").
Override `NAME` to "World" on the command line."""
expected_output = "Hello, World!\n"
hints = [
"Pass variables as KEY=value arguments after the target name",
"Try: make -s greet NAME=World",
]
solution = "make -s greet NAME=World"
match_mode = "exact"
[[exercises.fixtures]]
filename = "Makefile"
content = "NAME = User\n\ngreet:\n\t@echo \"Hello, $(NAME)!\"\n"