Clap and Serde derive

With the [clap_serde] procedural macro both clap and serde can be derived from a struct.
Then the struct can be parsed from clap and serde sources as in a layered config: the last source has the precedence.

Args::from(serde_parsed)
    .merge_clap();

In the snippet the precedence is:

1. Command line from clap;
2. Config file from serde;
3. Default values.

Example

In this example we define a struct which derives both clap and serde. The struct has various parameter type and also various attributes on its fields.

Finally we parse the structure from a YAML file with serde and then from command line with clap. The arguments from clap will override those from serde; the default value will be used if no source contained the field.

use clap_serde_derive::{
    clap::{self, ArgAction},
    clap_serde, ClapSerde,
};

#[clap_serde]
#[derive(Debug)]
#[clap(author, version, about)]
pub struct Args {
    /// Input files
    pub input: Vec<std::path::PathBuf>,

    /// String argument
    #[clap(short, long)]
    name: String,

    /// Skip serde deserialize
    #[default(13)]
    #[serde(skip_deserializing)]
    #[clap(long = "num")]
    pub clap_num: u32,

    /// Skip clap
    #[serde(rename = "number")]
    #[clap(skip)]
    pub serde_num: u32,

    /// Recursive fields
    #[clap_serde]
    #[clap(flatten)]
    pub suboptions: SubConfig,
}

#[clap_serde]
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct SubConfig {
    #[default(true)]
    #[clap(long = "no-flag", action = ArgAction::SetFalse)]
    pub flag: bool,
}

let args = Args::from(serde_yaml::from_str::<<Args as ClapSerde>::Opt>("number: 12").unwrap())
    .merge_clap();
assert_eq!(
    serde_yaml::to_string(&args).unwrap(),
    serde_yaml::to_string(&Args {
        serde_num: 12,
        clap_num: 13,
        ..Args::default()
    })
    .unwrap(),
);

Config path from command line

You can easily take the config file path from command line in this way.

use std::{fs::File, io::BufReader};

use clap_serde_derive::{
    clap::{self, ArgAction, Parser},
    clap_serde, ClapSerde,
};

#[derive(Parser)]
#[clap(author, version, about)]
struct Args {
    /// Input files
    input: Vec<std::path::PathBuf>,

    /// Config file
    #[clap(short, long = "config", default_value = "config.yml")]
    config_path: std::path::PathBuf,

    /// Rest of arguments
    #[clap(flatten)]
    pub config: <Config as ClapSerde>::Opt,
}

#[clap_serde]
struct Config {
    /// String argument
    #[clap(short, long)]
    name: String,
}

// Parse whole args with clap
let mut args = Args::parse();

// Get config file
let config = if let Ok(f) = File::open(&args.config_path) {
    // Parse config with serde
    match serde_yaml::from_reader::<_, <Config as ClapSerde>::Opt>(BufReader::new(f)) {
        // merge config already parsed from clap
        Ok(config) => Config::from(config).merge(&mut args.config),
        Err(err) => panic!("Error in configuration file:\n{}", err),
    }
} else {
    // If there is not config file return only config parsed from clap
    Config::from(&mut args.config)
};