clack-host 0.2.0

//! Helper utilities to help implementing the host side of custom CLAP extensions.

use crate::plugin::DestroyLock;
use crate::prelude::*;
use crate::util::UnsafeOptionCell;
use clap_sys::ext::log::{
    CLAP_LOG_ERROR, CLAP_LOG_HOST_MISBEHAVING, CLAP_LOG_PLUGIN_MISBEHAVING, clap_log_severity,
};
use clap_sys::host::clap_host;
use clap_sys::plugin::clap_plugin;
use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::cell::OnceCell;
use std::error::Error;
use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
use std::io::Write;
use std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe;
use std::pin::Pin;
use std::ptr::NonNull;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
use std::sync::{Arc, Once, OnceLock};

#[cfg(not(test))]
#[allow(unused)]
use std::panic::catch_unwind as handle_panic;

#[cfg(test)]
#[inline]
#[allow(unused)]
fn handle_panic<F: FnOnce() -> R, R>(f: F) -> std::thread::Result<R> {
    Ok(f())
}

pub(crate) mod descriptor;
mod logging;

/// A wrapper around a `clack` host implementation of a given type.
///
/// This wrapper allows access to a host's [`Shared`](HostHandlers::Shared),
/// [`MainThread`](HostHandlers::MainThread), and [`AudioProcessor`](HostHandlers::AudioProcessor) handler structs, while
/// also handling common FFI issues, such as error management and unwind safety.
///
/// The only way to access an instance of `HostWrapper` is through the
/// [`handle`](HostWrapper::handle) function.
// Safety note: once this type is constructed, a pointer to it will be given to the plugin instance,
// which means we can never move this again. This must always exist in a Pin.
pub struct HostWrapper<H: HostHandlers> {
    audio_processor: UnsafeOptionCell<<H as HostHandlers>::AudioProcessor<'static>>,
    main_thread: OnceCell<<H as HostHandlers>::MainThread<'static>>,
    shared: <H as HostHandlers>::Shared<'static>,

    // Init stuff
    init_guard: Once,
    init_started: AtomicBool,
    plugin_ptr: OnceLock<NonNull<clap_plugin>>,

    // Drop stuff
    destroy_lock: Arc<DestroyLock>,
}

// SAFETY: The only non-thread-safe methods on this type are unsafe
unsafe impl<H: HostHandlers> Send for HostWrapper<H> {}
// SAFETY: The only non-thread-safe methods on this type are unsafe
unsafe impl<H: HostHandlers> Sync for HostWrapper<H> {}

impl<H: HostHandlers> HostWrapper<H> {
    /// Provides a shared reference to a host wrapper of a given type, to the given handler
    /// closure.
    ///
    /// Besides providing a reference, this function does a few extra safety checks:
    ///
    /// * The given `clap_host` pointer is null-checked, as well as some other host-provided
    ///   pointers;
    /// * The handler is wrapped in [`std::panic::catch_unwind`];
    /// * Any [`HostWrapperError`] returned by the handler is caught.
    ///
    /// If any of the above safety check fails, an error message is logged (using the standard CLAP
    /// logging extension). If logging is unavailable or fails for any reason, the error message is
    /// written to `stderr` as a fallback.
    ///
    /// Note that some safety checks (e.g. the `clap_host` pointer null-checks) may result in the
    /// closure never being called, and an error being returned only. Users of this function must
    /// not rely on the completion of this closure for safety, and must handle this function
    /// returning `None` gracefully.
    ///
    /// If all goes well, the return value of the handler closure is forwarded and returned by this
    /// function.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// If any safety check failed, or any error or panic occurred inside the handler closure, this
    /// function returns `None`, and the error message is logged.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// The given host wrapper type `H` **must** be the correct type for the received pointer. Otherwise,
    /// incorrect casts will occur, which will lead to Undefined Behavior.
    ///
    /// The `host` pointer must also point to a valid instance of `clap_host`, as created by
    /// the CLAP Host. While this function does a couple of simple safety checks, only a few common
    /// cases are actually covered (i.e. null checks), and those **must not** be relied upon for safety: those
    /// checks only exist to help debugging.
    pub unsafe fn handle<T, F>(host: *const clap_host, handler: F) -> Option<T>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&HostWrapper<H>) -> Result<T, HostWrapperError>,
    {
        let result = Self::from_raw(host).and_then(|h| {
            Self::handle_panic(h, |h| {
                h.ensure_initializing_called();
                handler(h)
            })
        });

        match result {
            Ok(value) => Some(value),
            Err(e) => {
                logging::host_log(host, &e);

                None
            }
        }
    }

    /// # Safety
    /// TODO
    pub unsafe fn handle_main_thread<T, F>(host: *const clap_host, handler: F) -> Option<T>
    where
        F: for<'a> FnOnce(&<H as HostHandlers>::MainThread<'a>) -> Result<T, HostWrapperError>,
    {
        Self::handle(host, |host| host.on_main_thread(handler).transpose()).flatten()
    }

    /// # Safety
    /// The caller must ensure this method is only called on the main thread.
    pub(crate) unsafe fn on_main_thread<T>(
        &self,
        handler: impl for<'a> FnOnce(&<H as HostHandlers>::MainThread<'a>) -> T,
    ) -> Option<T> {
        Some(handler(self.main_thread.get().as_ref()?))
    }

    /// Returns a raw, non-null pointer to the host's [`AudioProcessor`](HostHandlers::AudioProcessor)
    /// struct.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// This will return [`HostWrapperError::DeactivatedPlugin`] if the plugin was not actually
    /// activated.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// The caller must ensure this method is only called on the audio thread.
    ///
    /// The pointer is safe to mutably dereference, as long as the caller ensures it is not being
    /// aliased, as per usual safety rules.
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn audio_processor(
        &self,
    ) -> Result<NonNull<<H as HostHandlers>::AudioProcessor<'_>>, HostWrapperError> {
        let ptr = self
            .audio_processor
            .as_ptr()
            .ok_or(HostWrapperError::DeactivatedPlugin)?;

        Ok(ptr.cast())
    }

    /// Returns a shared reference to the host's [`Shared`](HostHandlers::Shared) struct.
    #[inline]
    pub fn shared(&self) -> &<H as HostHandlers>::Shared<'_> {
        // SAFETY: This type guarantees shared is never used mutably
        unsafe { shrink_shared_ref::<H>(&self.shared) }
    }

    pub(crate) fn new<FS, FH>(shared: FS, main_thread: FH) -> Pin<Arc<Self>>
    where
        FS: for<'s> FnOnce(&'s ()) -> <H as HostHandlers>::Shared<'s>,
        FH: for<'s> FnOnce(
            &'s <H as HostHandlers>::Shared<'s>,
        ) -> <H as HostHandlers>::MainThread<'s>,
    {
        // We use Arc only because Box<T> implies Unique<T>, which is not the case since the plugin
        // will effectively hold a shared pointer to this.
        let wrapper = Arc::new(Self {
            audio_processor: UnsafeOptionCell::new(),
            main_thread: OnceCell::new(),
            shared: shared(&()),
            init_guard: Once::new(),
            init_started: AtomicBool::new(false),
            plugin_ptr: OnceLock::new(),
            destroy_lock: Arc::new(DestroyLock::new()),
        });

        // SAFETY: this type guarantees shared lives long enough
        let main_thread = main_thread(unsafe { extend_shared_ref(&wrapper.shared) });

        let Ok(()) = wrapper.main_thread.set(main_thread) else {
            unreachable!()
        };

        // SAFETY: wrapper is the only reference to the data, we can guarantee it will remain pinned
        // until drop happens.
        unsafe { Pin::new_unchecked(wrapper) }
    }

    /// # Safety
    /// The pointer and the plugin instance it points to must remain valid for the lifetime of this
    /// wrapper.
    pub(crate) unsafe fn created(&self, instance: NonNull<clap_plugin>) {
        let _ = self.plugin_ptr.set(instance);
    }

    /// # Safety
    /// This must only be called on the main thread. User must ensure the provided instance pointer
    /// is valid.
    pub(crate) unsafe fn instantiated(&self) {
        self.ensure_initializing_called();
        let instance = *self.plugin_ptr.get().unwrap();

        self.main_thread
            .get()
            .unwrap()
            .initialized(InitializedPluginHandle::new(
                self.destroy_lock.clone(),
                instance,
            ));
    }

    pub(crate) fn start_instance_destroy(&self) {
        self.destroy_lock.start_destroying();
    }

    /// # Safety
    /// The user must ensure this is only called on the main thread, and not concurrently
    /// to any other main-thread OR audio-thread method.
    #[inline]
    pub(crate) unsafe fn setup_audio_processor<FA>(
        &self,
        audio_processor: FA,
    ) -> Result<(), PluginInstanceError>
    where
        FA: for<'a> FnOnce(
            &'a <H as HostHandlers>::Shared<'a>,
            &<H as HostHandlers>::MainThread<'a>,
        ) -> <H as HostHandlers>::AudioProcessor<'a>,
    {
        if self.audio_processor.is_some() {
            return Err(PluginInstanceError::AlreadyActivatedPlugin);
        }

        self.audio_processor.put(audio_processor(
            // SAFETY: Shared lives at least as long as the audio processor does.
            unsafe { extend_shared_ref(&self.shared) },
            // SAFETY: The user enforces that this is only called on the main thread, and
            // non-concurrently to any other main-thread method.
            self.main_thread.get().unwrap(),
        ));
        Ok(())
    }

    /// # Safety
    /// The user must ensure this is only called on the main thread, and not concurrently
    /// to any other main-thread OR audio-thread method.
    #[inline]
    pub(crate) unsafe fn teardown_audio_processor<T>(
        &self,
        drop: impl for<'s> FnOnce(
            <H as HostHandlers>::AudioProcessor<'s>,
            &<H as HostHandlers>::MainThread<'s>,
        ) -> T,
    ) -> Result<T, PluginInstanceError> {
        // SAFETY: The user enforces that this is called and non-concurrently to any other audio-thread method.
        match self.audio_processor.take() {
            None => Err(PluginInstanceError::DeactivatedPlugin),
            Some(audio_processor) => Ok(drop(
                audio_processor,
                // SAFETY: The user enforces that this is only called on the main thread, and
                // non-concurrently to any other main-thread method.
                self.main_thread.get().unwrap(),
            )),
        }
    }

    /// # Safety
    /// the user must ensure this is not called concurrently
    /// to [`Self::setup_audio_processor`] or [`Self::teardown_audio_processor`]
    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn is_active(&self) -> bool {
        self.audio_processor.is_some()
    }

    pub(crate) fn handle_panic<T, F, Pa>(param: Pa, handler: F) -> Result<T, HostWrapperError>
    where
        F: FnOnce(Pa) -> Result<T, HostWrapperError>,
    {
        handle_panic(AssertUnwindSafe(|| handler(param))).map_err(|_| HostWrapperError::Panic)?
    }

    /// # Safety
    /// The host pointer must be valid (but can be null)
    unsafe fn from_raw<'a>(raw: *const clap_host) -> Result<&'a Self, HostWrapperError> {
        raw.as_ref()
            .ok_or(HostWrapperError::NullHostInstance)?
            .host_data
            .cast::<HostWrapper<H>>()
            .as_ref()
            .ok_or(HostWrapperError::NullHostData)
    }

    fn ensure_initializing_called(&self) {
        // This can only happen if the plugin tried to call a host method before init().
        let Some(ptr) = self.plugin_ptr.get().copied() else {
            return;
        };

        self.init_guard.call_once_force(|_| {
            let result =
                self.init_started
                    .compare_exchange(false, true, Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst);

            // The comparison succeeded, and false was indeed the bool's value
            if result == Ok(false) {
                // SAFETY: The pointer is guaranteed to be valid by the caller of created()
                let handle =
                    unsafe { InitializingPluginHandle::new(self.destroy_lock.clone(), ptr) };
                self.shared().initializing(handle);
            }
        })
    }
}

/// Errors raised by a [`HostWrapper`].
#[derive(Debug)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum HostWrapperError {
    /// An invalid parameter value was encountered.
    ///
    /// The given string may contain more information about which parameter was found to be invalid.
    InvalidParameter(&'static str),
    /// The raw `clap_host` pointer was NULL.
    NullHostInstance,
    /// The raw `clap_host.host_data` field was NULL.
    NullHostData,
    /// A wrapped implementation panicked.
    Panic,
    /// Tried to call a method that requires the plugin to be activated, but it wasn't.
    DeactivatedPlugin,
    /// Encountered an error while trying to format another [`HostWrapperError`]
    ErrorFormatError(std::io::Error),
    /// A generic, type-erased error.
    Error(Box<dyn Error + 'static>),
    /// A constant string message to be displayed.
    Message(&'static str),
}

impl HostWrapperError {
    fn severity(&self) -> clap_log_severity {
        match self {
            HostWrapperError::NullHostInstance => CLAP_LOG_PLUGIN_MISBEHAVING,
            HostWrapperError::InvalidParameter(_) => CLAP_LOG_PLUGIN_MISBEHAVING,
            HostWrapperError::NullHostData => CLAP_LOG_HOST_MISBEHAVING,
            HostWrapperError::Panic => CLAP_LOG_HOST_MISBEHAVING,
            HostWrapperError::DeactivatedPlugin => CLAP_LOG_PLUGIN_MISBEHAVING,
            HostWrapperError::ErrorFormatError(_) => CLAP_LOG_HOST_MISBEHAVING,
            _ => CLAP_LOG_ERROR,
        }
    }

    /// Formats this error into either a [`CStr`] or [`CString`].
    ///
    /// This will handle formatting failures and return an appropriate message in that case, so
    /// unlike the [`Display`] implementation, this will always return a displayable error message.
    pub fn format_cstr(&self) -> Cow<'static, CStr> {
        let mut buf = Vec::new();
        match buf.write_fmt(format_args!("{}", self)) {
            Ok(()) => {}
            Err(e) => {
                // Stop this here to avoid infinitely failing to format the failing error message
                if matches!(self, HostWrapperError::ErrorFormatError(_)) {
                    return c"Failed to format error".into();
                }

                return HostWrapperError::ErrorFormatError(e).format_cstr();
            }
        };

        // Truncate until the first NULL byte just in case. This is better than returning no error message.
        if let Some(idx) = buf.iter().position(|&b| b == 0) {
            buf.truncate(idx);
        }

        // This should not be able to happen thanks to the above check, but let's put it here just in case
        let Ok(str) = CString::new(buf) else {
            return c"Error format failure: NulError".into();
        };

        str.into()
    }
}

impl Display for HostWrapperError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        use HostWrapperError::*;
        match self {
            NullHostInstance => f.write_str("Host instance pointer is NULL"),
            NullHostData => f.write_str("Host data pointer is NULL"),
            InvalidParameter(s) => write!(f, "Invalid parameter: {s}"),
            Panic => f.write_str("Host callback panicked"),
            DeactivatedPlugin => {
                f.write_str("Tried to call an audio-thread method while the plugin was deactivated")
            }
            Message(s) => f.write_str(s),
            Error(e) => Display::fmt(e, f),
            ErrorFormatError(e) => {
                write!(f, "Error while formatting host error: '{e}'")
            }
        }
    }
}

impl From<HostError> for HostWrapperError {
    #[inline]
    fn from(value: HostError) -> Self {
        match value {
            HostError::Error(e) => Self::Error(e),
            HostError::Message(e) => Self::Message(e),
        }
    }
}

/// # Safety
/// The user MUST ensure the Shared ref lives long enough
unsafe fn extend_shared_ref<'a, H: SharedHandler<'a>>(shared: &H) -> &'a H {
    &*(shared as *const _)
}

/// # Safety
/// The user MUST prevent this reference to be written anywhere
unsafe fn shrink_shared_ref<'a, 'instance, H: HostHandlers>(
    shared: &'a H::Shared<'instance>,
) -> &'a H::Shared<'a> {
    let original_ptr = shared as *const H::Shared<'instance>;
    let transmuted_ptr: *const H::Shared<'a> = original_ptr.cast();

    &*transmuted_ptr
}