# Cargo bundle
[](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-bundle)
[](https://github.com/burtonageo/cargo-bundle/actions?query=branch%3Amaster)
Wrap Rust executables in OS-specific app bundles
## About
`cargo-bundle` is a tool used to generate installers or app bundles for GUI
executables built with `cargo`. It can create `.app` bundles for Mac OS X and
iOS, `.deb` packages for Linux, and `.msi` installers for Windows (note however
that iOS and Windows support is still experimental). Support for creating
`.rpm` packages (for Linux) and `.apk` packages (for Android) is still pending.
To install `cargo bundle`, run `cargo install cargo-bundle`. This will add the most recent version of `cargo-bundle`
published to [crates.io](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-bundle) as a subcommand to your default `cargo` installation.
To start using `cargo bundle`, add a `[package.metadata.bundle]` section to your project's `Cargo.toml` file. This
section describes various attributes of the generated bundle, such as its name, icon, description, copyright, as well
as any packaging scripts you need to generate extra data. The full manifest format is described below.
To build a bundle for the OS you're on, simply run `cargo bundle` in your
project's directory (where the `Cargo.toml` is placed). If you would like to
bundle a release build, you must add the `--release` flag to your call. To
cross-compile and bundle an application for another OS, add an appropriate
`--target` flag, just as you would for `cargo build`.
## Flags
```plaintext
-b, --bin <NAME> Bundle the specified binary
-e, --example <NAME> Bundle the specified example
-f, --format <FORMAT> Which bundle format to produce [possible values: deb, ios, msi, wxsmsi, osx, rpm, appimage]
-r, --release Build a bundle from a target built in release mode
--profile <NAME> Build a bundle from a target build using the given profile
-t, --target <TRIPLE> Build a bundle for the target triple
--features <FEATURES> Set crate features for the bundle. Eg: `--features "f1 f2"`
--all-features Build a bundle with all crate features
--no-default-features Build a bundle without the default crate features
-p, --package <SPEC> The name of the package to bundle. If not specified, the root package will be used
-h, --help Print help
-V, --version Print version
```
## Targets
```bash
aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu ARM64 Linux (kernel 4.1, glibc 2.17+) 1
i686-pc-windows-gnu 32-bit MinGW (Windows 7+) 2 3
i686-pc-windows-msvc 32-bit MSVC (Windows 7+) 2 3
i686-unknown-linux-gnu 32-bit Linux (kernel 3.2+, glibc 2.17+) 3
x86_64-apple-darwin 64-bit macOS (10.12+, Sierra+)
x86_64-pc-windows-gnu 64-bit MinGW (Windows 7+) 2
x86_64-pc-windows-msvc 64-bit MSVC (Windows 7+) 2
x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu 64-bit Linux (kernel 3.2+, glibc 2.17+)
```
## Bundle manifest format
There are several fields in the `[package.metadata.bundle]` section.
### General settings
These settings apply to bundles for all (or most) OSes.
* `name`: The name of the built application. If this is not present, then it will use the `name` value from `bin`
target in your `Cargo.toml` file.
* `identifier`: [**REQUIRED**] A string that uniquely identifies your application,
in reverse-DNS form (for example, `"com.example.appname"` or
`"io.github.username.project"`). For OS X and iOS, this is used as the
bundle's `CFBundleIdentifier` value; for Windows, this is hashed to create
an application GUID.
* `icon`: [OPTIONAL] The icons used for your application. This should be an array of file paths or globs (with images
in various sizes/formats); `cargo-bundle` will automatically convert between image formats as necessary for
different platforms. Supported formats include ICNS, ICO, PNG, and anything else that can be decoded by the
[`image`](https://crates.io/crates/image) crate. Icons intended for high-resolution (e.g. [Retina](https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/app-icons#macOS-app-icon-sizes)) displays
should have a filename with `@2x` just before the extension (see example below).
* `version`: [OPTIONAL] The version of the application. If this is not present, then it will use the `version`
value from your `Cargo.toml` file.
* `resources`: [OPTIONAL] List of files or directories which will be copied to the resources section of the
bundle. Globs are supported.
* `script`: [OPTIONAL] This is a reserved field; at the moment it is not used for anything, but may be used to
run scripts while packaging the bundle (e.g. download files, compress and encrypt, etc.).
* `copyright`: [OPTIONAL] This contains a copyright string associated with your application.
* `category`: [OPTIONAL] What kind of application this is. This can
be a human-readable string (e.g. `"Puzzle game"`), or a Mac OS X
[LSApplicationCategoryType](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/bundleresources/information_property_list/lsapplicationcategorytype#possibleValues) value
(e.g. `"public.app-category.puzzle-games"`), or a GNOME desktop
file category name (e.g. `"LogicGame"`), and `cargo-bundle` will
automatically convert as needed for different platforms.
* `short_description`: [OPTIONAL] A short, one-line description of the application. If this is not present, then it
will use the `description` value from your `Cargo.toml` file.
* `long_description`: [OPTIONAL] A longer, multi-line description of the application.
note: `description` is also **required** in the `[package]` section.
### Linux-specific settings
These settings are used only when bundling Linux compatible packages (currently `deb` only).
* `linux_mime_types`: A list of strings which represent mime types. If present, these are assigned
to the `MimeType` field of the .desktop file.
* `linux_exec_args`: A single string which is inserted after the name of the binary in the `Exec`
field in the `.desktop` file. For example if the binary is called `my_program` and
`linux_exec_args = "%f"` then the Exec filed will be `Exec=my_program %f`. Find out more from the
[specification](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html#exec-variables)
* `linux_use_terminal`: A boolean variable indicating the app is a console app or a gui app, default it's set to false.
### Debian-specific settings
These settings are used only when bundling `deb` packages.
* `deb_depends`: A list of strings indicating other packages (e.g. shared
libraries) that this package depends on to be installed. If present, this
forms the `Depends:` field of the `deb` package control file.
### Mac OS X-specific settings
These settings are used only when bundling `osx` packages.
* `osx_frameworks`: A list of strings indicating any Mac OS X frameworks that
need to be bundled with the app. Each string can either be the name of a
framework (without the `.framework` extension, e.g. `"SDL2"`), in which case
`cargo-bundle` will search for that framework in the standard install
locations (`~/Library/Frameworks/`, `/Library/Frameworks/`, and
`/Network/Library/Frameworks/`), or a path to a specific framework bundle
(e.g. `./data/frameworks/SDL2.framework`). Note that this setting just makes
`cargo-bundle` copy the specified frameworks into the OS X app bundle (under
`Foobar.app/Contents/Frameworks/`); you are still responsible for (1)
arranging for the compiled binary to link against those frameworks (e.g. by
emitting lines like `cargo:rustc-link-lib=framework=SDL2` from your
`build.rs` script), and (2) embedding the correct rpath in your binary
(e.g. by running `install_name_tool -add_rpath
"@executable_path/../Frameworks" path/to/binary` after compiling).
* `osx_minimum_system_version`: A version string indicating the minimum Mac OS
X version that the bundled app supports (e.g. `"10.11"`). If you are using
this config field, you may also want have your `build.rs` script emit
`cargo:rustc-env=MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.11` (or whatever version number
you want) to ensure that the compiled binary has the same minimum version.
* `osx_url_schemes`: A list of strings indicating the URL schemes that the app
handles.
* note: Github Actions and Bitbucket Pipelines both have Apple MacOS build runners/containers available to use for free
### Settings for specified binary
`[package.metadata.bundle]` only applies to the main executable.
Settings for other binaries can be specified in a `[package.metadata.bundle.bin.<binary name>]` section.
```toml
[package]
# other fields...
[package.metadata.bundle.bin.foo]
icon = ["icons/foo32x32.png"]
# other fields...
[[bin]]
name = "foo"
path = "src/bin/foo.rs"
# other fields...
```
### Example `Cargo.toml`:
```toml
[package]
name = "example"
# ...other fields...
[package.metadata.bundle]
name = "ExampleApplication"
identifier = "com.doe.exampleapplication"
icon = ["32x32.png", "128x128.png", "128x128@2x.png"]
version = "1.0.0"
resources = ["assets", "images/**/*.png", "secrets/public_key.txt"]
copyright = "Copyright (c) Jane Doe 2016. All rights reserved."
category = "Developer Tool"
short_description = "An example application."
long_description = """
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do
eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut
enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris
nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
"""
deb_depends = ["libgl1-mesa-glx", "libsdl2-2.0-0 (>= 2.0.5)"]
osx_frameworks = ["SDL2"]
osx_url_schemes = ["com.doe.exampleapplication"]
```
## Contributing
`cargo-bundle` has ambitions to be inclusive project and welcome contributions from anyone. Please abide by the Rust
code of conduct.
## Status
Very early alpha. Expect the format of the `[package.metadata.bundle]` section to change, and there is no guarantee of
stability.
## License
This program is licensed either under the terms of the
[Apache Software License](http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0), or the
[MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).