bsql-driver-postgres 0.19.0

PostgreSQL wire protocol driver for bsql — binary protocol, arena allocation, zero-copy
Documentation

bsql

Compile-time safe SQL for Rust. PostgreSQL and SQLite.

Why bsql

  • If it compiles, the SQL is correct -- every query is validated against your real database during cargo build. Table names, column names, types, nullability -- all checked before your code can run.
  • Always checked -- there is no unchecked SQL function. In sqlx, one missing ! (query() vs query!()) silently skips compile-time validation. In bsql, there is only one function, and it always checks. You cannot accidentally write unchecked SQL because the unchecked version does not exist.
  • Pure SQL -- write real SQL. CTEs, JOINs, window functions, subqueries. No DSL, no method chains, no .filter().select().join() (hi, diesel). If PostgreSQL or SQLite supports it, bsql validates it.
  • As fast as C, faster on batching -- matches raw C (libpq) on single-row queries, 1.06-1.10x faster on multi-row fetches, 2.5x faster on batch INSERT (via pipelining). See benchmarks.
  • Minimal footprint -- 1.7 MB peak memory (RSS) — 3.8–10x less than C (libpq), sqlx, diesel, and Go. See memory benchmarks.
  • PostgreSQL and SQLite -- same query! macro, same compile-time safety, both databases. SQLite is not a second-class citizen.
let id = 42i32;

// This query is validated at compile time against your real database.
// If the `users` table doesn't exist, or `login` isn't a column,
// or `id` isn't an i32 -- this won't compile.
let users = bsql::query!(
    "SELECT id, login, active FROM users WHERE id = $id: i32"
).fetch(&pool).await?;
let user = &users[0];

// user.id: i32, user.login: String, user.active: bool
// Types are inferred from the database schema. Nullable columns become Option<T>.

Performance & Memory

You need to see this 🫢 — bsql vs C vs Go vs diesel vs sqlx, PostgreSQL and SQLite, full methodology and how to reproduce.

Quick Start

Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
bsql = { version = "0.18", features = ["time", "uuid"] }

Set the database URL (used by query! at compile time):

export BSQL_DATABASE_URL="postgres://user:pass@localhost/mydb"

src/main.rs:

use bsql::Pool;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), bsql::BsqlError> {
    let pool = Pool::connect("postgres://user:pass@localhost/mydb").await?;

    let id = 1i32;
    let users = bsql::query!(
        "SELECT id, login, first_name FROM users WHERE id = $id: i32"
    ).fetch(&pool).await?;
    let user = &users[0];

    println!("{} ({})", user.first_name, user.login);
    Ok(())
}

Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
bsql = { version = "0.18", features = ["sqlite"] }

Set the database URL (used by query! at compile time):

export BSQL_DATABASE_URL="sqlite:./myapp.db"

If you commit the .bsql/ cache directory to your repo, teammates and CI can compile without a live database -- the cache contains the schema snapshot.

src/main.rs:

use bsql::SqlitePool;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), bsql::BsqlError> {
    let pool = SqlitePool::open("./myapp.db").await?;

    let id = 1i64;
    let users = bsql::query!(
        "SELECT id, login, active FROM users WHERE id = $id: i64"
    ).fetch(&pool).await?;
    let user = &users[0];

    println!("{}: active={}", user.login, user.active);
    Ok(())
}

URL formats: sqlite:./relative/path, sqlite:///absolute/path, sqlite::memory:

See examples/ for more complete, runnable programs.

Safety

  • PostgreSQL driver: #![forbid(unsafe_code)] -- zero unsafe
  • SQLite driver: unsafe confined to FFI boundary calls (ffi.rs) -- every other file is safe Rust
  • 5 of 6 crates enforce #![forbid(unsafe_code)] at compile time
  • 1,600+ tests (unit, integration, and compile-fail)

SQLite is a C library, not a network protocol. Talking to it means calling C functions from Rust, which requires unsafe at the FFI boundary. This is the same constraint every Rust SQLite library faces (including rusqlite, diesel, and sqlx).

In bsql, all unsafe code is confined to one file: crates/bsql-driver-sqlite/src/ffi.rs. Every other module in the SQLite driver is safe Rust. The PostgreSQL driver has zero unsafe -- it speaks the PostgreSQL wire protocol in pure Rust.

When a pure-Rust SQLite engine like Limbo reaches production readiness, this FFI layer can be replaced entirely.

Compile-Time Checks

Your mistake What happens
Table name typo table "tcikets" not found -- did you mean "tickets"?
Column doesn't exist column "naem" not found in table "users"
Wrong parameter type expected i32, found &str for column "users.id"
Nullable column Automatically becomes Option<T> -- you cannot forget to handle NULL
UPDATE without WHERE Compile error -- flags accidental full-table updates
DELETE without WHERE Compile error -- same protection
SQL syntax error PostgreSQL's own parser error message, at compile time
Typo in any identifier Levenshtein-based "did you mean?" suggestions

Features

Out of the box, bsql works with basic types: integers, floats, booleans, strings, byte arrays. Enable features for specialized types:

bsql = { version = "0.18", features = ["time", "uuid", "decimal"] }
Feature PostgreSQL types Rust types
time TIMESTAMPTZ, TIMESTAMP, DATE, TIME time::OffsetDateTime, Date, Time
chrono Same (alternative to time) chrono::DateTime<Utc>, NaiveDateTime
uuid UUID uuid::Uuid
decimal NUMERIC, DECIMAL rust_decimal::Decimal

If your query touches a column that needs a feature you haven't enabled, you get a compile error naming the exact feature to add.

Optional clauses expand to every combination at compile time. Each combination is validated against the database.

let tickets = bsql::query!(
    "SELECT id, title FROM tickets WHERE deleted_at IS NULL
     [AND department_id = $dept: Option<i64>]
     [AND assignee_id = $assignee: Option<i64>]"
).fetch(&pool).await?;

No string concatenation. No runtime SQL assembly. 2 optional clauses = 4 variants, all validated at compile time.

Compile time: N optional clauses generate 2^N SQL variants, each validated via PREPARE. For 6+ clauses, compile time may increase noticeably. Maximum: 10 clauses (1024 variants).

Method Returns Use
.fetch(&pool).await Vec<Row> SELECT queries
.run(&pool).await u64 INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
.defer(&tx).await () Buffer in transaction

Power users: fetch_one, fetch_optional, fetch_stream, for_each also available.

let tx = pool.begin().await?;

// .defer() buffers writes -- nothing hits the network yet
bsql::query!("INSERT INTO audit_log (msg) VALUES ($msg: &str)")
    .defer(&tx).await?;
bsql::query!("UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - $amt: i32 WHERE id = $id: i32")
    .defer(&tx).await?;

// commit() flushes all deferred operations in a single pipeline, then commits
tx.commit().await?;

Savepoints are also supported: tx.savepoint("sp1"), tx.rollback_to("sp1").

If the transaction is dropped without calling commit(), it automatically rolls back.

let mut stream = bsql::query!(
    "SELECT id, login FROM users"
).fetch_stream(&pool).await?;

while stream.advance()? {
    let row = stream.next_row().unwrap();
    println!("{}: {}", row.get_i32(0).unwrap(), row.get_str(1).unwrap());
}

True PostgreSQL-level streaming. Rows are fetched in batches and yielded one at a time. Memory usage stays constant regardless of result set size.

let mut listener = Listener::connect("postgres://...")?;
listener.listen("events")?;

loop {
    let n = listener.recv()?;
    println!("channel={}, payload={}", n.channel(), n.payload());
}

Real-time notifications for cache invalidation, job queues, live updates.

bsql = { version = "0.18", features = ["explain"] }

Runs EXPLAIN on every query during compilation and embeds the plan as a doc comment. Hover over any query result type in your IDE to see the query plan. Development-only -- disable in CI and release builds.

#[bsql::pg_enum]
enum TicketStatus {
    #[sql("new")]         New,
    #[sql("in_progress")] InProgress,
    #[sql("resolved")]    Resolved,
    #[sql("closed")]      Closed,
}

Type-safe mapping between Rust enums and PostgreSQL enum types.

let tickets = bsql::query!(
    "SELECT id, title FROM tickets ORDER BY $[sort: TicketSort] LIMIT $limit: i64"
).fetch(&pool).await?;

Each sort variant's SQL is validated at compile time. The enum is exhaustive -- no default case, no fallback.

bsql automatically configures SQLite for optimal performance:

  • WAL mode -- concurrent readers, non-blocking reads
  • 256 MB mmap -- memory-mapped I/O for fast reads
  • 64 MB cache -- large page cache
  • STRICT tables -- recommended for type safety
  • busy_timeout = 0 -- fail-fast, no silent waiting
  • Foreign keys ON -- enforced by default

The pool uses a single writer + N reader connections (default 4) behind Mutex, fully synchronous.

  • Not an ORM. You write SQL, not method chains.
  • Not a query builder. No .filter(), .select(), .join().
  • Not database-agnostic. PostgreSQL and SQLite only. No MySQL, no MSSQL.
  • Not a migration tool. Use dbmate, sqitch, refinery, or whatever you prefer.

bsql implements the PostgreSQL extended query protocol. The following PG features are not supported:

  • COPY protocol (COPY FROM STDIN / COPY TO STDOUT) — use psql or a dedicated COPY tool
  • SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS (channel binding) — only SCRAM-SHA-256 without channel binding
  • GSSAPI / SSPI / LDAP / certificate authentication — only cleartext, MD5, and SCRAM-SHA-256
  • Logical replication protocol — use pg_recvlogical or a dedicated replication tool
  • Large Objects (lo_read, lo_write) — use BYTEA columns instead
  • SSL_KEY_LOG for TLS debugging — not exposed

Supported authentication: cleartext password, MD5, SCRAM-SHA-256. Supported transports: TCP, Unix domain sockets, TLS (via rustls).

About

Built with Claude Code. Seventeen design principles written before the first line of code. Specifications first, then implementation, then multiple rounds of architectural audit. 1,600+ tests proving not just that the code works, but that broken code is rejected.

Don't follow the author's name. Don't assume a library that's been around for 2 years is 12 times better than one that's been around for 2 months. Run the benchmarks yourself, read the tests, check the code.

License

MIT OR Apache-2.0