brokk-mj-controller 2.10.0

//! Orphan-worker discovery, adoption, and destruction.

use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};

use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};

use crate::session_manager::StandaloneSession;
use mj_core::config::{AwsAddressSource, SshConnection, TargetTemplate};
use mj_core::state::{
    PodmanWorkspaceLocator, SessionRecord, SessionState, TargetLocator, normalize_session_title,
};

use crate::targets::{self, CommandExecutor, CommandOutput, CommandSpec, SshTarget};
use mj_core::worker_launch::WorkerOwnership;

use super::backend::{ContainerOverrides, backend_locator, backend_target};
use super::readiness::wait_for_native_session;
use super::{Controller, now};

pub use mj_core::state::{RecoveryCandidate, RecoveryScan};

impl Controller {
    /// Find managed resources which are not represented by the controller's
    /// current state. Labels/tags establish Hel ownership; the worker marker
    /// supplies profile and bundle metadata when it is available.
    ///
    /// Unless `all_instances` is set, only workers stamped with this
    /// instance's identity are listed: a QA instance sharing a host with a
    /// production instance must never see the production workers as its own.
    pub fn scan_orphan_workers(
        &self,
        executor: &impl CommandExecutor,
        all_instances: bool,
    ) -> RecoveryScan {
        let mut scan = RecoveryScan {
            instance_id: mj_core::config::instance_identity(),
            ..RecoveryScan::default()
        };
        for (target_id, template) in &self.config.targets {
            match scan_target_workers(target_id, template, executor) {
                Ok(candidates) => {
                    scan.candidates
                        .extend(candidates.into_iter().filter(|candidate| {
                            !self.state.sessions.contains_key(&candidate.session_id)
                        }))
                }
                Err(error) => scan.warnings.push(format!("target {target_id}: {error:#}")),
            }
        }
        scan.candidates.sort_by(|left, right| {
            (&left.session_id, &left.target_template_id)
                .cmp(&(&right.session_id, &right.target_template_id))
        });
        scan.candidates.dedup_by(|left, right| {
            left.session_id == right.session_id
                && left.target_template_id == right.target_template_id
        });
        if !all_instances {
            restrict_to_instance(&mut scan);
        }
        scan
    }

    pub async fn adopt_orphan_worker(
        &mut self,
        session_id: &str,
        target_id: &str,
        profile_override: Option<&str>,
        bundle_override: Option<&str>,
        all_instances: bool,
        executor: &impl CommandExecutor,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let (record, newly_adopted) = match self.state.sessions.get(session_id).cloned() {
            // Adoption records its session before the handshake, so a failed
            // handshake leaves a tracked session that never connected. That
            // record is the one to finish, not a reason to refuse the retry.
            Some(existing) if adoption_unfinished(&existing, target_id) => {
                for (flag, requested, adopted) in [
                    ("profile", profile_override, existing.last_profile.as_str()),
                    ("bundle", bundle_override, existing.bundle_id.as_str()),
                ] {
                    if let Some(requested) = requested
                        && requested != adopted
                    {
                        bail!(
                            "session {session_id} was already adopted with {flag} {adopted:?}; retry without --{flag}"
                        );
                    }
                }
                (existing, false)
            }
            Some(_) => bail!("session {session_id} is already tracked"),
            None => {
                let scan = self.scan_orphan_workers(executor, true);
                let candidate = scan
                    .candidates
                    .into_iter()
                    .find(|candidate| {
                        candidate.session_id == session_id
                            && candidate.target_template_id == target_id
                    })
                    .with_context(|| {
                        format!("no managed orphan {session_id} was found on target {target_id:?}")
                    })?;
                require_instance_access(&candidate, &scan.instance_id, all_instances)?;
                let profile_id = profile_override
                    .map(str::to_owned)
                    .or_else(|| {
                        candidate
                            .ownership
                            .as_ref()
                            .map(|marker| marker.profile_id.clone())
                    })
                    .context("orphan has no ownership marker; pass --profile")?;
                let bundle_id = bundle_override
                    .map(str::to_owned)
                    .or_else(|| {
                        candidate
                            .ownership
                            .as_ref()
                            .map(|marker| marker.bundle_id.clone())
                    })
                    .context("orphan has no ownership marker; pass --bundle")?;
                let profile = self
                    .config
                    .profiles
                    .get(&profile_id)
                    .with_context(|| format!("unknown profile {profile_id:?}"))?;
                self.config
                    .bundles
                    .get(&bundle_id)
                    .with_context(|| format!("unknown bundle {bundle_id:?}"))?;
                let workspace_id = resolve_recovery_workspace_id(
                    candidate
                        .ownership
                        .as_ref()
                        .map(|ownership| ownership.workspace_id.as_str())
                        .unwrap_or(mj_core::workspace::DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ID),
                )?;
                let container_workspace = self
                    .config
                    .targets
                    .get(target_id)
                    .and_then(|template| {
                        recovery_backend_locator(template, &candidate.locator, session_id).ok()
                    })
                    .and_then(|backend| {
                        adopted_container_workspace(&backend, session_id, executor)
                    });
                let mut record = adopted_session_record(
                    session_id,
                    target_id,
                    profile_id,
                    profile.kind,
                    bundle_id,
                    workspace_id,
                    candidate.locator,
                );
                record.container_workspace = container_workspace;
                (record, true)
            }
        };
        let locator = record
            .target
            .as_ref()
            .context("adopted session has no target locator")?;
        let backend = backend_locator(locator, &record, &self.config)?;
        let spec = targets::reconnect_plan(&backend, session_id)?
            .commands
            .into_iter()
            .next()
            .context("reconnect plan is empty")?;
        if newly_adopted {
            // Adoption authors the whole record for a session Hel has never
            // tracked, so it writes the whole row, and it writes it before the
            // handshake: a crash in between must not orphan the worker again.
            // The record reaches memory only once it is durable.
            crate::database::save_session(&record)?;
            self.state.sessions.insert(session_id.to_owned(), record);
        }
        match self.complete_adoption(session_id, &spec, executor).await {
            Ok(()) => Ok(()),
            // Provisioning leaves its failure on the session it failed for.
            // Adoption owes the same: the record it already committed is all
            // the user has to see why the worker never connected.
            Err(error) => Err(self.record_adoption_failure(session_id, error)),
        }
    }

    /// Connect the adopted worker's relay and promote the session to running.
    async fn complete_adoption(
        &mut self,
        session_id: &str,
        spec: &CommandSpec,
        executor: &impl CommandExecutor,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let mut relay = StandaloneSession::connect_command(spec, session_id)
            .await
            .context("orphan relay did not complete the v1 handshake")?;
        let native_session_id = wait_for_native_session(&mut relay, executor).await?;
        self.mark_worker_connected(session_id, Some(native_session_id))?;
        if let Some(title) = relay
            .snapshot()
            .materialized
            .session_title
            .as_deref()
            .and_then(normalize_session_title)
        {
            crate::database::set_session_acp_title(session_id, Some(&title))?;
            self.state
                .sessions
                .get_mut(session_id)
                .expect("adopted session disappeared while saving its ACP title")
                .acp_session_title = Some(title);
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Leave a failed adoption on the session itself. The state stays
    /// `Disconnected`, which is the truth — the target exists and no worker is
    /// connected — and keeps the record adoptable so the handshake can be
    /// retried once the worker is reachable again.
    fn record_adoption_failure(&mut self, session_id: &str, error: anyhow::Error) -> anyhow::Error {
        let Some(record) = self.state.sessions.get_mut(session_id) else {
            return error;
        };
        record.updated_at = now();
        record.last_error = Some(format!("orphan adoption failed: {error:#}"));
        match self.persist_session_state(session_id) {
            Ok(()) => error,
            Err(persist_error) => error.context(format!(
                "recorded the adoption failure in memory, but failed to persist it: {persist_error:#}"
            )),
        }
    }

    pub fn destroy_orphan_worker(
        &self,
        session_id: &str,
        target_id: &str,
        confirmation: &str,
        all_instances: bool,
        executor: &impl CommandExecutor,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        if confirmation != session_id {
            bail!("refusing destructive recovery: --confirm must exactly match the session ID");
        }
        let scan = self.scan_orphan_workers(executor, true);
        let candidate = scan
            .candidates
            .into_iter()
            .find(|candidate| {
                candidate.session_id == session_id && candidate.target_template_id == target_id
            })
            .with_context(|| {
                format!("no managed orphan {session_id} was found on target {target_id:?}")
            })?;
        require_instance_access(&candidate, &scan.instance_id, all_instances)?;
        let template = self.config.targets.get(target_id).unwrap();
        let backend = recovery_backend_locator(template, &candidate.locator, session_id)?;
        targets::close_plan(&backend, session_id)?
            .execute(executor)
            .map(|_| ())
    }
}

/// Drop candidates another or an unknown instance created, counting them so
/// the user learns that `--all-instances` would show more.
fn restrict_to_instance(scan: &mut RecoveryScan) {
    let before = scan.candidates.len();
    scan.candidates
        .retain(|candidate| candidate.instance_id.as_deref() == Some(scan.instance_id.as_str()));
    scan.hidden_other_instances = before - scan.candidates.len();
}

/// Refuse to act on a worker that another instance created, or whose
/// instance is unknown, unless the caller widened the scope explicitly.
fn require_instance_access(
    candidate: &RecoveryCandidate,
    scan_instance: &str,
    all_instances: bool,
) -> Result<()> {
    if all_instances {
        return Ok(());
    }
    match candidate.instance_id.as_deref() {
        Some(instance) if instance == scan_instance => Ok(()),
        Some(other) => bail!(
            "worker {} belongs to instance {other:?}, not this instance {scan_instance:?}; pass --all-instances to act on it",
            candidate.session_id
        ),
        None => bail!(
            "worker {} has no instance stamp (created by an older build); pass --all-instances to act on it",
            candidate.session_id
        ),
    }
}

/// Worker markers can outlive the controller database that created them. Keep
/// a workspace marker only when this controller knows its identity; otherwise
/// group the adopted worker under one durable recovery workspace.
fn resolve_recovery_workspace_id(marked_workspace_id: &str) -> Result<String> {
    if marked_workspace_id == mj_core::workspace::DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ID {
        return Ok(marked_workspace_id.to_owned());
    }
    if crate::database::list_workspaces()?
        .into_iter()
        .any(|workspace| workspace.id == marked_workspace_id)
    {
        return Ok(marked_workspace_id.to_owned());
    }
    Ok(crate::database::create_or_get_workspace("Recovered")?.id)
}

/// The workspace a running container actually holds. A container created
/// before per-session workspaces has only the shared `/workspace`, so an
/// adoption that cannot see `/workspace/<session id>` keeps the legacy path
/// rather than pointing the recovered harness at a directory that is not there.
fn adopted_container_workspace(
    backend: &targets::TargetLocator,
    session_id: &str,
    executor: &impl CommandExecutor,
) -> Option<PathBuf> {
    if !matches!(
        backend,
        targets::TargetLocator::LocalPodman { .. }
            | targets::TargetLocator::LocalDocker { .. }
            | targets::TargetLocator::AppleContainer { .. }
            | targets::TargetLocator::SshPodman { .. }
            | targets::TargetLocator::SshDocker { .. }
    ) {
        return None;
    }
    let workspace = targets::new_container_workspace(session_id).ok()?;
    let command = targets::command_on_locator(
        backend,
        session_id,
        vec![
            "test".to_owned(),
            "-d".to_owned(),
            workspace.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
        ],
        "probe the adopted session workspace",
    )
    .ok()?;
    match executor.execute(&command) {
        Ok(output) if output.status == 0 => Some(workspace),
        Ok(_) => None,
        Err(error) => {
            tracing::debug!(
                session_id,
                %error,
                "could not probe the adopted session workspace; assuming the shared one"
            );
            None
        }
    }
}

/// The session record adoption commits before it tries the relay handshake.
fn adopted_session_record(
    session_id: &str,
    target_id: &str,
    profile_id: String,
    harness_kind: mj_core::config::HarnessKind,
    bundle_id: String,
    workspace_id: String,
    locator: TargetLocator,
) -> SessionRecord {
    let now = now();
    SessionRecord {
        build_cache: None,
        mjolnir_subagents: None,
        // The adopting caller probes the running container for this.
        container_workspace: None,
        create_managed_worktree: None,
        workspace_id,
        archived: false,
        container_cpus: None,
        container_memory: None,
        id: session_id.to_owned(),
        title: format!("Recovered {}", &session_id[..session_id.len().min(8)]),
        harness_kind,
        last_profile: profile_id,
        bundle_id,
        project_directory: None,
        managed_worktree: None,
        target_template_id: target_id.to_owned(),
        resource_allocation: None,
        additional_mounts: Vec::new(),
        state: SessionState::Disconnected,
        target: Some(locator),
        native_session_id: None,
        acp_session_title: None,
        session_title_override: None,
        created_at: now.clone(),
        updated_at: now,
        viewed_through_event_ordinal: 0,
        draft_input: String::new(),
        last_error: None,
        last_checkpoint_error: None,
        checkpoint: None,
    }
}

/// Whether a tracked session is one an adoption committed and never finished:
/// it names this target, carries the locator the scan found, and no harness
/// session has ever been observed on it. Such a record is the retry, so
/// adoption completes it instead of refusing it as already tracked.
fn adoption_unfinished(record: &SessionRecord, target_id: &str) -> bool {
    record.state == SessionState::Disconnected
        && record.native_session_id.is_none()
        && record.target_template_id == target_id
        && record.target.is_some()
}

fn scan_target_workers(
    target_id: &str,
    template: &TargetTemplate,
    executor: &impl CommandExecutor,
) -> Result<Vec<RecoveryCandidate>> {
    let mut candidates = match template {
        // Local bare sessions persist their locator in the controller database.
        // Do not infer an adoptable project from Hel's transient worker directory.
        TargetTemplate::LocalBare => Vec::new(),
        TargetTemplate::LocalPodman { .. } => scan_container_engine(
            target_id,
            template,
            "podman",
            vec![
                "ps".into(),
                "--all".into(),
                "--filter".into(),
                format!("label={}=true", targets::MANAGED_LABEL),
                "--format".into(),
                "json".into(),
            ],
            executor,
        )?,
        TargetTemplate::LocalDocker { .. } => scan_container_engine(
            target_id,
            template,
            "docker",
            vec![
                "ps".into(),
                "--all".into(),
                "--filter".into(),
                format!("label={}=true", targets::MANAGED_LABEL),
                "--format".into(),
                "json".into(),
            ],
            executor,
        )?,
        TargetTemplate::AppleContainer { .. } => scan_container_engine(
            target_id,
            template,
            "container",
            vec![
                "list".into(),
                "--all".into(),
                "--format".into(),
                "json".into(),
            ],
            executor,
        )?,
        TargetTemplate::SshPodman { ssh, .. } => {
            let remote = targets::join_remote_command(&[
                "podman".into(),
                "ps".into(),
                "--all".into(),
                "--filter".into(),
                format!("label={}=true", targets::MANAGED_LABEL),
                "--format".into(),
                "json".into(),
            ]);
            let output = execute_scan(
                executor,
                ssh_spec(ssh, [remote]),
                "scan remote Podman workers",
            )?;
            candidates_from_container_json(target_id, template, &output.stdout)?
        }
        TargetTemplate::SshDocker { ssh, .. } => {
            let remote = targets::join_remote_command(&[
                "docker".into(),
                "ps".into(),
                "--all".into(),
                "--filter".into(),
                format!("label={}=true", targets::MANAGED_LABEL),
                "--format".into(),
                "json".into(),
            ]);
            let output = execute_scan(
                executor,
                ssh_spec(ssh, [remote]),
                "scan remote Docker workers",
            )?;
            candidates_from_container_json(target_id, template, &output.stdout)?
        }
        TargetTemplate::AwsEc2 {
            aws_profile,
            region,
            address_source,
            ..
        } => {
            let profile = aws_profile.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| "default".into());
            let output = execute_scan(
                executor,
                CommandSpec::new(
                    "aws",
                    [
                        "--profile".into(),
                        profile,
                        "--region".into(),
                        region.clone(),
                        "ec2".into(),
                        "describe-instances".into(),
                        "--filters".into(),
                        format!("Name=tag:{},Values=true", targets::MANAGED_TAG),
                        "Name=instance-state-name,Values=pending,running,stopping,stopped".into(),
                        "--output".into(),
                        "json".into(),
                    ],
                )
                .purpose("scan managed EC2 workers"),
                "scan managed EC2 workers",
            )?;
            candidates_from_aws_json(target_id, address_source.clone(), &output.stdout)?
        }
        TargetTemplate::SshBare { ssh, .. } => {
            let output = execute_scan(
                executor,
                ssh_spec(
                    ssh,
                    [targets::join_remote_command(&[
                        "find".into(),
                        ".local/share/hel/workers".into(),
                        "-mindepth".into(),
                        "2".into(),
                        "-maxdepth".into(),
                        "2".into(),
                        "-name".into(),
                        "ownership.json".into(),
                        "-print".into(),
                    ])],
                ),
                "scan bare SSH worker markers",
            )?;
            output
                .stdout
                .split(|byte| *byte == b'\n')
                .filter_map(|line| {
                    let path = match std::str::from_utf8(line) {
                        Ok(path) => path.trim(),
                        Err(error) => {
                            tracing::debug!(%error, "recovery scan skipped a non-UTF-8 worker marker path");
                            return None;
                        }
                    };
                    let Some(session_id) = Path::new(path)
                        .parent()
                        .and_then(|parent| parent.file_name())
                        .and_then(|name| name.to_str())
                    else {
                        tracing::debug!(path, "recovery scan skipped a malformed worker marker path");
                        return None;
                    };
                    if let Err(error) = targets::resource_name(session_id) {
                        tracing::debug!(session_id, %error, "recovery scan skipped an invalid session id");
                        return None;
                    }
                    let backend = match backend_target(template, None, ContainerOverrides::default()) {
                        Ok(backend) => backend,
                        Err(error) => {
                            tracing::debug!(session_id, %error, "recovery scan could not construct the target backend");
                            return None;
                        }
                    };
                    let workspace = match targets::workspace_for(&backend, session_id) {
                        Ok(workspace) => workspace,
                        Err(error) => {
                            tracing::debug!(session_id, %error, "recovery scan could not derive the target workspace");
                            return None;
                        }
                    };
                    Some(RecoveryCandidate {
                        session_id: session_id.to_owned(),
                        target_template_id: target_id.to_owned(),
                        locator: TargetLocator::SshBare {
                            host: ssh.host.clone(),
                            workspace: PathBuf::from(workspace),
                            // The scan reads the session id from the worker
                            // directory name and `targets::worker_root` falls
                            // back to it, so the root still resolves.
                            worker_id: None,
                        },
                        ownership: None,
                        instance_id: None,
                    })
                })
                .collect()
        }
    };
    for candidate in &mut candidates {
        candidate.ownership = read_recovery_ownership(template, candidate, executor);
        // The label is authoritative; the marker only fills in when the
        // resource carries no stamp (bare SSH workers have no labels at all).
        if candidate.instance_id.is_none() {
            candidate.instance_id = candidate
                .ownership
                .as_ref()
                .and_then(|marker| marker.instance_id.clone());
        }
    }
    Ok(candidates)
}

fn scan_container_engine(
    target_id: &str,
    template: &TargetTemplate,
    engine: &str,
    args: Vec<String>,
    executor: &impl CommandExecutor,
) -> Result<Vec<RecoveryCandidate>> {
    let output = execute_scan(
        executor,
        CommandSpec::new(engine, args).purpose("scan managed container workers"),
        "scan managed container workers",
    )?;
    candidates_from_container_json(target_id, template, &output.stdout)
}

/// Where a Podman session's workspace really lives, derived the same way
/// provisioning derives it: the backend container template plus the session id.
fn recovery_workspace_storage(
    template: &TargetTemplate,
    session_id: &str,
) -> Result<PodmanWorkspaceLocator> {
    let backend = backend_target(template, None, ContainerOverrides::default())?;
    let container = match &backend {
        targets::TargetTemplate::LocalPodman(container) => container,
        targets::TargetTemplate::SshPodman { container, .. } => container,
        _ => bail!("target template is not a Podman target"),
    };
    Ok(PodmanWorkspaceLocator::from(
        targets::podman_workspace_locator(container, session_id)?,
    ))
}

fn candidates_from_container_json(
    target_id: &str,
    template: &TargetTemplate,
    stdout: &[u8],
) -> Result<Vec<RecoveryCandidate>> {
    let sessions = managed_sessions_from_container_json(stdout)?;
    Ok(sessions
        .into_iter()
        .filter_map(|(session_id, instance_id)| {
            let generated = match targets::resource_name(&session_id) {
                Ok(generated) => generated,
                Err(error) => {
                    tracing::debug!(%session_id, %error, "recovery scan skipped an invalid managed session id");
                    return None;
                }
            };
            // A Podman workspace may live in a volume or a host directory, and
            // destroying the container alone would leave it behind. The storage
            // follows from the target template and the session id, so derive it
            // here rather than recording the container layer by default.
            let workspace_storage = match template {
                TargetTemplate::LocalPodman { .. } | TargetTemplate::SshPodman { .. } => {
                    match recovery_workspace_storage(template, &session_id) {
                        Ok(storage) => storage,
                        Err(error) => {
                            tracing::debug!(%session_id, %error, "recovery scan could not derive the Podman workspace storage");
                            return None;
                        }
                    }
                }
                _ => Default::default(),
            };
            let locator = match template {
                TargetTemplate::LocalPodman { .. } => TargetLocator::LocalPodman {
                    borrowed_from: None,
                    container_id: generated,
                    workspace_storage,
                },
                TargetTemplate::LocalDocker { .. } => TargetLocator::LocalDocker {
                    borrowed_from: None,
                    container_id: generated,
                },
                TargetTemplate::AppleContainer { .. } => TargetLocator::AppleContainer {
                    borrowed_from: None,
                    container_id: generated,
                },
                TargetTemplate::SshPodman { ssh, .. } => TargetLocator::SshPodman {
                    borrowed_from: None,
                    host: ssh.host.clone(),
                    container_id: generated,
                    workspace_storage,
                },
                TargetTemplate::SshDocker { ssh, .. } => TargetLocator::SshDocker {
                    borrowed_from: None,
                    host: ssh.host.clone(),
                    container_id: generated,
                },
                _ => return None,
            };
            Some(RecoveryCandidate {
                session_id,
                target_template_id: target_id.to_owned(),
                locator,
                ownership: None,
                instance_id,
            })
        })
        .collect())
}

/// Managed session IDs in a container listing, each with the instance label
/// that created it when the container carries one.
pub(super) fn managed_sessions_from_container_json(
    stdout: &[u8],
) -> Result<Vec<(String, Option<String>)>> {
    let values = serde_json::Deserializer::from_slice(stdout)
        .into_iter::<serde_json::Value>()
        .collect::<std::result::Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
        .context("parse container list JSON")?;
    let mut sessions = Vec::new();
    for value in &values {
        collect_managed_sessions(value, &mut sessions);
    }
    sessions.sort();
    sessions.dedup();
    Ok(sessions)
}

pub(super) fn collect_managed_sessions(
    value: &serde_json::Value,
    sessions: &mut Vec<(String, Option<String>)>,
) {
    match value {
        serde_json::Value::Array(values) => {
            for value in values {
                collect_managed_sessions(value, sessions);
            }
        }
        serde_json::Value::Object(object) => {
            for label_key in ["Labels", "labels"] {
                if let Some(labels) = object.get(label_key) {
                    let managed = label_value(labels, targets::MANAGED_LABEL)
                        .is_some_and(|value| value == "true");
                    if managed && let Some(session) = label_value(labels, targets::SESSION_LABEL) {
                        sessions.push((session, label_value(labels, targets::INSTANCE_LABEL)));
                    }
                }
            }
            for value in object.values() {
                collect_managed_sessions(value, sessions);
            }
        }
        _ => {}
    }
}

fn label_value(labels: &serde_json::Value, key: &str) -> Option<String> {
    match labels {
        serde_json::Value::Object(object) => object.get(key)?.as_str().map(str::to_owned),
        serde_json::Value::String(text) => text
            .split(',')
            .find_map(|label| {
                label
                    .trim()
                    .split_once('=')
                    .filter(|(name, _)| *name == key)
            })
            .map(|(_, value)| value.to_owned()),
        _ => None,
    }
}

fn candidates_from_aws_json(
    target_id: &str,
    address_source: AwsAddressSource,
    stdout: &[u8],
) -> Result<Vec<RecoveryCandidate>> {
    let value: serde_json::Value =
        serde_json::from_slice(stdout).context("parse AWS instance JSON")?;
    let mut result = Vec::new();
    let reservations = value
        .get("Reservations")
        .and_then(serde_json::Value::as_array)
        .cloned()
        .unwrap_or_default();
    for instance in reservations.iter().flat_map(|reservation| {
        reservation
            .get("Instances")
            .and_then(serde_json::Value::as_array)
            .into_iter()
            .flatten()
    }) {
        let tags = instance
            .get("Tags")
            .and_then(serde_json::Value::as_array)
            .cloned()
            .unwrap_or_default();
        let tag = |key: &str| {
            tags.iter()
                .find(|tag| tag.get("Key").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str) == Some(key))
                .and_then(|tag| tag.get("Value"))
                .and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str)
        };
        if tag(targets::MANAGED_TAG) != Some("true") {
            continue;
        }
        let Some(session_id) = tag(targets::SESSION_TAG).map(str::to_owned) else {
            continue;
        };
        targets::resource_name(&session_id)?;
        let instance_id = instance
            .get("InstanceId")
            .and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str)
            .context("managed EC2 instance omitted InstanceId")?
            .to_owned();
        let field = match address_source {
            AwsAddressSource::PublicDns => "PublicDnsName",
            AwsAddressSource::PublicIp => "PublicIpAddress",
            AwsAddressSource::PrivateDns => "PrivateDnsName",
            AwsAddressSource::PrivateIp => "PrivateIpAddress",
        };
        let address = instance
            .get(field)
            .and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str)
            .filter(|value| !value.is_empty())
            .map(str::to_owned);
        let created_by = tag(targets::INSTANCE_TAG).map(str::to_owned);
        result.push(RecoveryCandidate {
            session_id,
            target_template_id: target_id.to_owned(),
            locator: TargetLocator::AwsEc2 {
                instance_id,
                address,
            },
            ownership: None,
            instance_id: created_by,
        });
    }
    Ok(result)
}

fn execute_scan(
    executor: &impl CommandExecutor,
    command: CommandSpec,
    operation: &str,
) -> Result<CommandOutput> {
    let output = executor.execute(&command)?;
    if output.status != 0 {
        bail!(
            "{operation} failed with status {}: {}",
            output.status,
            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).trim()
        );
    }
    Ok(output)
}

fn ssh_spec(ssh: &SshConnection, remote: impl IntoIterator<Item = String>) -> CommandSpec {
    let backend = SshTarget::from(ssh);
    let mut args = backend.ssh_args;
    mj_core::targets::push_connection_sharing_args(&mut args);
    args.push(backend.destination.clone());
    args.extend(remote);
    CommandSpec::new("ssh", args).ssh_destination(backend.destination)
}

fn read_recovery_ownership(
    template: &TargetTemplate,
    candidate: &RecoveryCandidate,
    executor: &impl CommandExecutor,
) -> Option<WorkerOwnership> {
    let backend =
        match recovery_backend_locator(template, &candidate.locator, &candidate.session_id) {
            Ok(backend) => backend,
            Err(error) => {
                tracing::debug!(
                    session_id = %candidate.session_id,
                    %error,
                    "could not construct a recovery ownership probe"
                );
                return None;
            }
        };
    let root = match targets::worker_root(&backend, &candidate.session_id) {
        Ok(root) => root,
        Err(error) => {
            tracing::debug!(
                session_id = %candidate.session_id,
                %error,
                "could not derive a recovery worker root"
            );
            return None;
        }
    };
    let command = match targets::command_on_locator(
        &backend,
        &candidate.session_id,
        vec!["cat".into(), format!("{root}/ownership.json")],
        "read worker ownership marker",
    ) {
        Ok(command) => command,
        Err(error) => {
            tracing::debug!(
                session_id = %candidate.session_id,
                %error,
                "could not construct a recovery ownership command"
            );
            return None;
        }
    };
    let output = match executor.execute(&command) {
        Ok(output) => output,
        Err(error) => {
            tracing::debug!(
                session_id = %candidate.session_id,
                %error,
                "could not read a recovery worker ownership marker"
            );
            return None;
        }
    };
    if output.status != 0 {
        tracing::debug!(
            session_id = %candidate.session_id,
            status = output.status,
            "recovery worker ownership probe returned a failure"
        );
        return None;
    }
    let marker: WorkerOwnership = match serde_json::from_slice(&output.stdout) {
        Ok(marker) => marker,
        Err(error) => {
            tracing::debug!(
                session_id = %candidate.session_id,
                %error,
                "recovery worker ownership marker was not valid JSON"
            );
            return None;
        }
    };
    if !(1..=WorkerOwnership::VERSION).contains(&marker.version)
        || marker.session_id != candidate.session_id
        || marker.target_template_id != candidate.target_template_id
    {
        tracing::debug!(
            session_id = %candidate.session_id,
            marker_session_id = %marker.session_id,
            marker_target_template_id = %marker.target_template_id,
            "recovery worker ownership marker did not match the candidate"
        );
        return None;
    }
    Some(marker)
}

/// The backend locator recovery uses to destroy an orphan worker.
///
/// This stays separate from `backend_locator` (and from the shared
/// `TryFrom<StoredTarget>` conversion) because destroying an orphan has to
/// succeed in two cases the shared conversion rejects or cannot answer:
///
/// - The AWS arm substitutes `unavailable.invalid` for a missing address on
///   purpose. AWS cleanup terminates the instance through the `aws` CLI
///   (`targets/cleanup.rs`), so an instance with no address must still be
///   destroyable, whereas the shared conversion errors on the missing address.
/// - `worker_id: None` for `SshBare` is correct here. The scan takes the
///   session id from the worker directory name and `targets::worker_root`
///   falls back to the session id, so the root resolves. A borrowed target's
///   shared parent workspace is not discoverable from a scan, and recomputing
///   the child's own (nonexistent) path is the safe direction for destroy.
fn recovery_backend_locator(
    template: &TargetTemplate,
    locator: &TargetLocator,
    session_id: &str,
) -> Result<targets::TargetLocator> {
    Ok(match (template, locator) {
        (TargetTemplate::LocalBare, TargetLocator::LocalBare { worker_root }) => {
            targets::TargetLocator::LocalBare {
                worker_root: worker_root.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
            }
        }
        (
            TargetTemplate::LocalPodman { .. },
            TargetLocator::LocalPodman {
                container_id,
                workspace_storage,
                ..
            },
        ) => targets::TargetLocator::LocalPodman {
            borrowed_from: None,
            container_id: container_id.clone(),
            workspace_storage: workspace_storage.into(),
        },
        (TargetTemplate::LocalDocker { .. }, TargetLocator::LocalDocker { container_id, .. }) => {
            targets::TargetLocator::LocalDocker {
                borrowed_from: None,
                container_id: container_id.clone(),
            }
        }
        (
            TargetTemplate::AppleContainer { .. },
            TargetLocator::AppleContainer { container_id, .. },
        ) => targets::TargetLocator::AppleContainer {
            borrowed_from: None,
            container_id: container_id.clone(),
        },
        (
            TargetTemplate::SshPodman { ssh, .. },
            TargetLocator::SshPodman {
                container_id,
                workspace_storage,
                ..
            },
        ) => targets::TargetLocator::SshPodman {
            borrowed_from: None,
            ssh: SshTarget::from(ssh),
            container_id: container_id.clone(),
            workspace_storage: workspace_storage.into(),
        },
        (
            TargetTemplate::SshDocker { ssh, .. },
            TargetLocator::SshDocker {
                host, container_id, ..
            },
        ) => {
            if host != &ssh.host {
                bail!("recovery SSH Docker host does not match target template")
            }
            targets::TargetLocator::SshDocker {
                borrowed_from: None,
                ssh: SshTarget::from(ssh),
                container_id: container_id.clone(),
            }
        }
        (TargetTemplate::SshBare { ssh, .. }, TargetLocator::SshBare { workspace, .. }) => {
            targets::TargetLocator::SshBare {
                ssh: SshTarget::from(ssh),
                workspace: workspace.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
                worker_id: None,
            }
        }
        (
            TargetTemplate::AwsEc2 {
                aws_profile,
                region,
                ssh_user,
                identity_file,
                ssh_args,
                ..
            },
            TargetLocator::AwsEc2 {
                instance_id,
                address,
            },
        ) => targets::TargetLocator::AwsEc2 {
            profile: aws_profile.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| "default".into()),
            region: region.clone(),
            instance_id: instance_id.clone(),
            ssh: SshTarget {
                destination: format!(
                    "{ssh_user}@{}",
                    address.as_deref().unwrap_or("unavailable.invalid")
                ),
                ssh_args: targets::ssh_args_with_identity(ssh_args, identity_file.as_deref()),
            },
            workspace: format!(".local/share/hel/workspaces/{session_id}"),
        },
        _ => bail!("recovery target locator does not match target template"),
    })
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::collections::BTreeMap;

    use crate::controller::test_support::{IsolatedTest, test_name};
    use mj_core::config::{
        AwsAddressSource, Config, ContainerTemplate as ConfigContainer, HarnessKind,
        PodmanWorkspaceStorage, TargetTemplate,
    };
    use mj_core::state::{State, TargetLocator};

    use crate::targets::ProcessExecutor;

    use super::*;

    const FAILED_ADOPTION_CHILD: &str = "MJ_TEST_FAILED_ADOPTION_CHILD";

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn a_failed_adoption_records_the_failure_and_stays_retryable() {
        // MJ_DATA_DIR is process-global, so the database-backed half runs in
        // an exact child test with its own data directory.
        if std::env::var_os(FAILED_ADOPTION_CHILD).is_none() {
            let directory = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
            IsolatedTest::new(test_name(
                module_path!(),
                "a_failed_adoption_records_the_failure_and_stays_retryable",
            ))
            .env(FAILED_ADOPTION_CHILD, "1")
            .env("MJ_DATA_DIR", directory.path())
            .run();
            return;
        }
        // Alone in this child process, so it installs the one writer.
        let _writer = crate::database::install_isolated_test_writer();

        let session_id = "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef";
        let workers = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        // Exactly what an adoption commits before its handshake, on a worker
        // root that holds no worker binary, so the handshake cannot succeed.
        let record = adopted_session_record(
            session_id,
            "local-bare",
            "codex".into(),
            HarnessKind::Codex,
            "project".into(),
            mj_core::workspace::DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ID.to_owned(),
            TargetLocator::LocalBare {
                worker_root: workers.path().join(session_id),
            },
        );
        assert!(
            adoption_unfinished(&record, "local-bare"),
            "the record adoption commits must be the record adoption can retry"
        );
        crate::database::save_session(&record).unwrap();
        let mut config = Config::default();
        config
            .targets
            .insert("local-bare".into(), TargetTemplate::LocalBare);
        let mut state = State::default();
        state.sessions.insert(session_id.to_owned(), record);
        let mut controller = Controller { config, state };

        let failure = controller
            .adopt_orphan_worker(
                session_id,
                "local-bare",
                None,
                None,
                false,
                &ProcessExecutor,
            )
            .await
            .expect_err("a worker root without a worker cannot complete the handshake");
        assert!(
            format!("{failure:#}").contains("orphan relay"),
            "unexpected failure: {failure:#}"
        );
        let recorded = controller.state.sessions[session_id]
            .last_error
            .clone()
            .expect("the failed handshake was recorded on the session");
        assert!(
            recorded.contains("orphan adoption failed"),
            "unexpected recorded failure: {recorded}"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            controller.state.sessions[session_id].state,
            SessionState::Disconnected
        );
        let stored = crate::database::load_state().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            stored.sessions[session_id].last_error.as_deref(),
            Some(recorded.as_str()),
            "the adoption failure was not persisted"
        );

        let retry = controller
            .adopt_orphan_worker(
                session_id,
                "local-bare",
                None,
                None,
                false,
                &ProcessExecutor,
            )
            .await
            .expect_err("the worker is still unreachable");
        let retry = format!("{retry:#}");
        assert!(
            retry.contains("orphan relay"),
            "adoption did not retry the handshake: {retry}"
        );
        assert!(
            !retry.contains("already tracked"),
            "a session adoption never finished blocked its own retry: {retry}"
        );
    }

    const RECOVERY_WORKSPACE_CHILD: &str = "MJ_TEST_RECOVERY_WORKSPACE_CHILD";

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn orphan_workspace_ids_are_reconciled_before_adoption_persistence() {
        if std::env::var_os(RECOVERY_WORKSPACE_CHILD).is_none() {
            let directory = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
            IsolatedTest::new(test_name(
                module_path!(),
                "orphan_workspace_ids_are_reconciled_before_adoption_persistence",
            ))
            .env(RECOVERY_WORKSPACE_CHILD, "1")
            .env("MJ_DATA_DIR", directory.path())
            .run();
            return;
        }

        let _writer = crate::database::install_isolated_test_writer();
        let default =
            resolve_recovery_workspace_id(mj_core::workspace::DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ID).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(default, mj_core::workspace::DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ID);

        let known = crate::database::create_or_get_workspace("Known").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(resolve_recovery_workspace_id(&known.id).unwrap(), known.id);

        let recovered = resolve_recovery_workspace_id("workspace-from-old-controller").unwrap();
        let repeated = resolve_recovery_workspace_id("another-old-workspace").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(repeated, recovered);
        assert_eq!(
            crate::database::list_workspaces()
                .unwrap()
                .iter()
                .filter(|workspace| workspace.name == "Recovered")
                .count(),
            1
        );

        let session_id = "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef";
        let workers = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
        let record = adopted_session_record(
            session_id,
            "local-bare",
            "codex".into(),
            HarnessKind::Codex,
            "project".into(),
            recovered.clone(),
            TargetLocator::LocalBare {
                worker_root: workers.path().join(session_id),
            },
        );
        crate::database::save_session(&record).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            crate::database::load_state().unwrap().sessions[session_id].workspace_id,
            recovered
        );

        // Adoption has already committed the reconciled workspace. Exercise
        // the post-save handshake path with the same fake used by the retry
        // regression, which leaves and persists a diagnostic on failure.
        let mut state = State::default();
        state.sessions.insert(session_id.to_owned(), record);
        let mut config = Config::default();
        config
            .targets
            .insert("local-bare".into(), TargetTemplate::LocalBare);
        let mut controller = Controller { config, state };
        let failure = controller
            .adopt_orphan_worker(
                session_id,
                "local-bare",
                None,
                None,
                false,
                &ProcessExecutor,
            )
            .await
            .expect_err("a worker root without a worker cannot complete the handshake");
        assert!(
            format!("{failure:#}").contains("orphan relay"),
            "unexpected failure: {failure:#}"
        );
        let stored = crate::database::load_state().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(stored.sessions[session_id].workspace_id, recovered);
        assert!(
            stored.sessions[session_id]
                .last_error
                .as_deref()
                .is_some_and(|error| error.contains("orphan adoption failed"))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_session_that_completed_its_handshake_is_not_adoptable_again() {
        let mut record = adopted_session_record(
            "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef",
            "local-bare",
            "codex".into(),
            HarnessKind::Codex,
            "project".into(),
            mj_core::workspace::DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ID.to_owned(),
            TargetLocator::LocalBare {
                worker_root: std::path::PathBuf::from("/workers/0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"),
            },
        );
        record.native_session_id = Some("native-session".into());
        assert!(!adoption_unfinished(&record, "local-bare"));

        record.native_session_id = None;
        assert!(
            !adoption_unfinished(&record, "other-target"),
            "a record adopted onto another target is not this target's retry"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn recovery_container_scan_requires_both_managed_and_session_labels() {
        let template = TargetTemplate::LocalPodman {
            container: ConfigContainer {
                build_cache: None,
                image: "ignored".into(),
                pull_policy: Default::default(),
                platform: None,
                cpus: None,
                memory: None,
                environment: BTreeMap::new(),
                workspace_storage: Default::default(),
            },
        };
        let json = serde_json::json!([
            {"Labels": {"dev.mj.managed": "true", "dev.mj.session": "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef", "dev.mj.instance": "qa0916"}},
            {"Labels": {"dev.mj.managed": "false", "dev.mj.session": "not-owned"}},
            {"configuration": {"labels": "dev.mj.managed=true,dev.mj.session=abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789"}}
        ]);
        let candidates = candidates_from_container_json(
            "local",
            &template,
            serde_json::to_string(&json).unwrap().as_bytes(),
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(candidates.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(candidates[0].session_id, "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef");
        assert_eq!(candidates[0].instance_id.as_deref(), Some("qa0916"));
        assert_eq!(
            candidates[1].instance_id, None,
            "a container without an instance label is of unknown origin"
        );
    }

    fn candidate(session_id: &str, instance_id: Option<&str>) -> RecoveryCandidate {
        RecoveryCandidate {
            session_id: session_id.to_owned(),
            target_template_id: "local".to_owned(),
            locator: TargetLocator::LocalDocker {
                container_id: format!("mj-{session_id}"),
                borrowed_from: None,
            },
            ownership: None,
            instance_id: instance_id.map(str::to_owned),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn default_scan_scope_hides_other_and_unknown_instances() {
        let mut scan = RecoveryScan {
            candidates: vec![
                candidate("mine", Some("qa")),
                candidate("theirs", Some("prod")),
                candidate("legacy", None),
            ],
            instance_id: "qa".to_owned(),
            ..RecoveryScan::default()
        };
        restrict_to_instance(&mut scan);
        assert_eq!(
            scan.candidates
                .iter()
                .map(|candidate| candidate.session_id.as_str())
                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            ["mine"]
        );
        assert_eq!(scan.hidden_other_instances, 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn acting_on_another_or_unknown_instance_requires_the_explicit_flag() {
        require_instance_access(&candidate("mine", Some("qa")), "qa", false).unwrap();

        let other = require_instance_access(&candidate("theirs", Some("prod")), "qa", false)
            .expect_err("another instance's worker is refused by default");
        assert!(
            other.to_string().contains("belongs to instance \"prod\""),
            "{other}"
        );
        require_instance_access(&candidate("theirs", Some("prod")), "qa", true).unwrap();

        let unknown = require_instance_access(&candidate("legacy", None), "qa", false)
            .expect_err("a worker without a stamp is refused by default");
        assert!(
            unknown.to_string().contains("no instance stamp"),
            "{unknown}"
        );
        require_instance_access(&candidate("legacy", None), "qa", true).unwrap();
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_podman_orphan_destroy_plan_removes_its_workspace_volume() {
        // `destroy_orphan_worker` rescans, so this drives the two steps it runs
        // on the candidate it finds: the scan's locator and the close plan
        // built from it. Those are what carried the container-layer default.
        let session = "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef";
        let template = TargetTemplate::LocalPodman {
            container: ConfigContainer {
                image: "ignored".into(),
                pull_policy: Default::default(),
                platform: None,
                cpus: None,
                memory: None,
                environment: BTreeMap::new(),
                workspace_storage: PodmanWorkspaceStorage::PodmanVolume,
                build_cache: None,
            },
        };
        let json = serde_json::json!([
            {"Labels": {"dev.mj.managed": "true", "dev.mj.session": session}}
        ]);

        let candidates = candidates_from_container_json(
            "local",
            &template,
            serde_json::to_string(&json).unwrap().as_bytes(),
        )
        .unwrap();

        let [candidate] = candidates.as_slice() else {
            panic!("expected one orphan candidate, got {candidates:?}");
        };
        let volume = format!("{}-workspace", targets::resource_name(session).unwrap());
        assert!(
            matches!(
                &candidate.locator,
                TargetLocator::LocalPodman {
                    workspace_storage: PodmanWorkspaceLocator::Volume { name },
                    ..
                } if name == &volume
            ),
            "candidate locator lost the volume storage: {:?}",
            candidate.locator
        );
        let backend = recovery_backend_locator(&template, &candidate.locator, session).unwrap();
        let plan = targets::close_plan(&backend, session).unwrap();
        assert!(
            plan.commands.iter().any(|command| {
                command.args.iter().any(|argument| argument == &volume)
                    && command
                        .args
                        .iter()
                        .any(|argument| argument.contains("podman volume rm"))
            }),
            "destroy plan does not remove the workspace volume: {plan:?}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn recovery_docker_scan_accepts_json_lines_and_builds_a_docker_locator() {
        let template = TargetTemplate::LocalDocker {
            container: ConfigContainer {
                build_cache: None,
                image: "ignored".into(),
                pull_policy: Default::default(),
                platform: None,
                cpus: None,
                memory: None,
                environment: BTreeMap::new(),
                workspace_storage: Default::default(),
            },
        };
        let session = "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef";
        let output = format!(
            "{{\"Labels\":\"dev.mj.managed=true,dev.mj.session={session},dev.mj.instance=abc123\"}}\n{{\"Labels\":\"dev.mj.managed=false,dev.mj.session=ignored\"}}\n"
        );

        let candidates =
            candidates_from_container_json("docker", &template, output.as_bytes()).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(candidates.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(candidates[0].session_id, session);
        assert_eq!(candidates[0].instance_id.as_deref(), Some("abc123"));
        assert!(matches!(
            &candidates[0].locator,
            TargetLocator::LocalDocker { container_id, .. }
                if container_id == &targets::resource_name(session).unwrap()
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn recovery_aws_scan_uses_exact_tagged_instance_and_address() {
        let json = serde_json::json!({"Reservations": [{"Instances": [{
            "InstanceId": "i-exact",
            "PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.0.7",
            "Tags": [
                {"Key": "dev.mj.managed", "Value": "true"},
                {"Key": "dev.mj.session", "Value": "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"},
                {"Key": "dev.mj.instance", "Value": "qa0916"}
            ]
        }]}]});
        let candidates = candidates_from_aws_json(
            "aws",
            AwsAddressSource::PrivateIp,
            serde_json::to_string(&json).unwrap().as_bytes(),
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(candidates[0].instance_id.as_deref(), Some("qa0916"));
        assert!(matches!(
            &candidates[0].locator,
            TargetLocator::AwsEc2 { instance_id, address }
                if instance_id == "i-exact" && address.as_deref() == Some("10.0.0.7")
        ));
    }
}