brepkit-wasm 3.2.21

//! Topology query, edge/surface evaluation, and BREP introspection bindings.

#![allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc, clippy::too_many_lines)]

use std::f64::consts::PI;

use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;

use brepkit_math::vec::{Point3, Vec3};
use brepkit_topology::edge::EdgeCurve;
use brepkit_topology::face::{Face, FaceSurface};

use crate::error::{WasmError, validate_finite};
use crate::handles::{
    edge_id_to_u32, face_id_to_u32, shell_id_to_u32, solid_id_to_u32, vertex_id_to_u32,
    wire_id_to_u32,
};
use brepkit_geometry::convert::{DetectedCurveKind, detect_curve_kind, detect_surface_kind};

use crate::helpers::sample_full_period_curve;
use crate::kernel::BrepKernel;

#[wasm_bindgen]
impl BrepKernel {
    // ── Topology queries ──────────────────────────────────────────

    /// Get all face handles of a solid.
    ///
    /// Returns an array of face handles (`u32[]`).
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the solid handle is invalid.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getSolidFaces")]
    pub fn get_solid_faces(&self, solid: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let solid_id = self.resolve_solid(solid)?;
        let faces = brepkit_topology::explorer::solid_faces(&self.topo, solid_id)?;
        #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
        Ok(faces.iter().map(|f| f.index() as u32).collect())
    }

    /// Get all edge handles of a solid.
    ///
    /// Returns an array of unique edge handles (`u32[]`).
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the solid handle is invalid.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getSolidEdges")]
    pub fn get_solid_edges(&self, solid: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let solid_id = self.resolve_solid(solid)?;
        let edges = brepkit_topology::explorer::solid_edges(&self.topo, solid_id)?;
        #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
        Ok(edges.iter().map(|e| e.index() as u32).collect())
    }

    /// Get all vertex handles of a solid.
    ///
    /// Returns an array of unique vertex handles (`u32[]`).
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the solid handle is invalid.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getSolidVertices")]
    pub fn get_solid_vertices(&self, solid: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let solid_id = self.resolve_solid(solid)?;
        let verts = brepkit_topology::explorer::solid_vertices(&self.topo, solid_id)?;
        #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
        Ok(verts.iter().map(|v| v.index() as u32).collect())
    }

    /// Get all shell handles of a solid.
    ///
    /// Returns the outer shell first, followed by any inner void shells
    /// (cavities produced by `shell`/hollow operations or boolean cuts).
    /// A simple solid such as a box reports exactly one shell.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the solid handle is invalid.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getSolidShells")]
    pub fn get_solid_shells(&self, solid: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let solid_id = self.resolve_solid(solid)?;
        let solid_data = self.topo.solid(solid_id)?;
        let mut shells = Vec::with_capacity(1 + solid_data.inner_shells().len());
        shells.push(shell_id_to_u32(solid_data.outer_shell()));
        shells.extend(
            solid_data
                .inner_shells()
                .iter()
                .map(|s| shell_id_to_u32(*s)),
        );
        Ok(shells)
    }

    /// Get the vertex positions of an edge.
    ///
    /// Returns `[start_x, start_y, start_z, end_x, end_y, end_z]`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the edge handle is invalid.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getEdgeVertices")]
    pub fn get_edge_vertices(&self, edge: u32) -> Result<Vec<f64>, JsError> {
        let edge_id = self.resolve_edge(edge)?;
        let edge_data = self.topo.edge(edge_id)?;
        let start = self.topo.vertex(edge_data.start())?.point();
        let end = self.topo.vertex(edge_data.end())?.point();
        Ok(vec![
            start.x(),
            start.y(),
            start.z(),
            end.x(),
            end.y(),
            end.z(),
        ])
    }

    /// Get the vertex *handles* (not positions) of an edge.
    ///
    /// Returns `[start_vertex_handle, end_vertex_handle]`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the edge handle is invalid.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getEdgeVertexHandles")]
    pub fn get_edge_vertex_handles(&self, edge: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let edge_id = self.resolve_edge(edge)?;
        let edge_data = self.topo.edge(edge_id)?;
        Ok(vec![
            vertex_id_to_u32(edge_data.start()),
            vertex_id_to_u32(edge_data.end()),
        ])
    }

    /// Get the position of a vertex.
    ///
    /// Returns `[x, y, z]`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the vertex handle is invalid.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getVertexPosition")]
    pub fn get_vertex_position(&self, vertex: u32) -> Result<Vec<f64>, JsError> {
        let vertex_id = self.resolve_vertex(vertex)?;
        let point = self.topo.vertex(vertex_id)?.point();
        Ok(vec![point.x(), point.y(), point.z()])
    }

    /// Export a solid as a BREP string (STEP format).
    ///
    /// Returns a STEP-formatted string containing the solid's B-Rep data.
    /// Use `fromBREP` to reconstruct the solid from this string.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the solid handle is invalid.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "toBREP")]
    pub fn to_brep(&self, solid: u32) -> Result<JsValue, JsError> {
        let solid_id = self.resolve_solid(solid)?;
        let step_str = brepkit_io::step::writer::write_step(&self.topo, &[solid_id])
            .map_err(|e| JsError::new(&e.to_string()))?;
        Ok(step_str.into())
    }

    /// Export a solid as a JSON-encoded BREP representation.
    ///
    /// Returns a JSON string with vertices, edges (with curve parameters),
    /// and faces (with surface parameters). This is a brepkit-specific format
    /// that preserves all analytic geometry types.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "toBrepJson")]
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
    pub fn to_brep_json(&self, solid: u32) -> Result<JsValue, JsError> {
        let solid_id = self.resolve_solid(solid)?;
        let faces = brepkit_topology::explorer::solid_faces(&self.topo, solid_id)?;
        let edges = brepkit_topology::explorer::solid_edges(&self.topo, solid_id)?;
        let verts = brepkit_topology::explorer::solid_vertices(&self.topo, solid_id)?;

        let vert_json: Vec<serde_json::Value> = verts
            .iter()
            .map(|&vid| -> Result<serde_json::Value, JsError> {
                let v = self.topo.vertex(vid)?;
                let p = v.point();
                Ok(serde_json::json!({
                    "id": vertex_id_to_u32(vid),
                    "position": [p.x(), p.y(), p.z()],
                }))
            })
            .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;

        let edge_json: Vec<serde_json::Value> = edges
            .iter()
            .map(|&eid| -> Result<serde_json::Value, JsError> {
                let e = self.topo.edge(eid)?;
                let curve_type = match e.curve() {
                    EdgeCurve::Line => "line",
                    EdgeCurve::Circle(_) => "circle",
                    EdgeCurve::Ellipse(_) => "ellipse",
                    EdgeCurve::NurbsCurve(_) => "nurbs",
                };
                let curve_params = match e.curve() {
                    EdgeCurve::Line => serde_json::json!(null),
                    EdgeCurve::Circle(c) => serde_json::json!({
                        "center": [c.center().x(), c.center().y(), c.center().z()],
                        "axis": [c.normal().x(), c.normal().y(), c.normal().z()],
                        "xAxis": [c.u_axis().x(), c.u_axis().y(), c.u_axis().z()],
                        "radius": c.radius(),
                    }),
                    EdgeCurve::Ellipse(el) => serde_json::json!({
                        "center": [el.center().x(), el.center().y(), el.center().z()],
                        "axis": [el.normal().x(), el.normal().y(), el.normal().z()],
                        "majorAxis": [el.u_axis().x(), el.u_axis().y(), el.u_axis().z()],
                        "majorRadius": el.semi_major(),
                        "minorRadius": el.semi_minor(),
                    }),
                    EdgeCurve::NurbsCurve(n) => serde_json::json!({
                        "degree": n.degree(),
                        "controlPoints": n.control_points().iter()
                            .map(|p| [p.x(), p.y(), p.z()])
                            .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
                        "weights": n.weights().to_vec(),
                        "knots": n.knots().to_vec(),
                    }),
                };
                Ok(serde_json::json!({
                    "id": edge_id_to_u32(eid),
                    "curveType": curve_type,
                    "curveParams": curve_params,
                    "startVertex": vertex_id_to_u32(e.start()),
                    "endVertex": vertex_id_to_u32(e.end()),
                }))
            })
            .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;

        let face_json: Vec<serde_json::Value> = faces
            .iter()
            .map(|&fid| -> Result<serde_json::Value, JsError> {
                let f = self.topo.face(fid)?;
                let surface_type = match f.surface() {
                    brepkit_topology::face::FaceSurface::Plane { .. } => "plane",
                    brepkit_topology::face::FaceSurface::Nurbs(_) => "nurbs",
                    brepkit_topology::face::FaceSurface::Cylinder(_) => "cylinder",
                    brepkit_topology::face::FaceSurface::Cone(_) => "cone",
                    brepkit_topology::face::FaceSurface::Sphere(_) => "sphere",
                    brepkit_topology::face::FaceSurface::Torus(_) => "torus",
                };
                let surface_params = match f.surface() {
                    FaceSurface::Plane { normal, d } => serde_json::json!({
                        "normal": [normal.x(), normal.y(), normal.z()],
                        "d": d,
                    }),
                    FaceSurface::Cylinder(c) => serde_json::json!({
                        "origin": [c.origin().x(), c.origin().y(), c.origin().z()],
                        "axis": [c.axis().x(), c.axis().y(), c.axis().z()],
                        "refDir": [c.x_axis().x(), c.x_axis().y(), c.x_axis().z()],
                        "radius": c.radius(),
                    }),
                    FaceSurface::Cone(c) => serde_json::json!({
                        "apex": [c.apex().x(), c.apex().y(), c.apex().z()],
                        "axis": [c.axis().x(), c.axis().y(), c.axis().z()],
                        "refDir": [c.x_axis().x(), c.x_axis().y(), c.x_axis().z()],
                        "halfAngle": c.half_angle(),
                    }),
                    FaceSurface::Sphere(s) => serde_json::json!({
                        "center": [s.center().x(), s.center().y(), s.center().z()],
                        "axis": [s.z_axis().x(), s.z_axis().y(), s.z_axis().z()],
                        "radius": s.radius(),
                    }),
                    FaceSurface::Torus(t) => serde_json::json!({
                        "center": [t.center().x(), t.center().y(), t.center().z()],
                        "axis": [t.z_axis().x(), t.z_axis().y(), t.z_axis().z()],
                        "majorRadius": t.major_radius(),
                        "minorRadius": t.minor_radius(),
                    }),
                    FaceSurface::Nurbs(n) => {
                        let cps: Vec<Vec<serde_json::Value>> = n
                            .control_points()
                            .iter()
                            .map(|row| {
                                row.iter()
                                    .map(|p| serde_json::json!([p.x(), p.y(), p.z()]))
                                    .collect()
                            })
                            .collect();
                        serde_json::json!({
                            "degreeU": n.degree_u(),
                            "degreeV": n.degree_v(),
                            "controlPoints": cps,
                            "weights": n.weights(),
                            "knotsU": n.knots_u(),
                            "knotsV": n.knots_v(),
                        })
                    }
                };
                let outer_wire = self.topo.wire(f.outer_wire())?;
                let outer_edges: Vec<u32> = outer_wire
                    .edges()
                    .iter()
                    .map(|e| edge_id_to_u32(e.edge()))
                    .collect();
                let outer_edge_orientations: Vec<bool> = outer_wire
                    .edges()
                    .iter()
                    .map(brepkit_topology::wire::OrientedEdge::is_forward)
                    .collect();
                let inner_wires: Vec<serde_json::Value> = f
                    .inner_wires()
                    .iter()
                    .filter_map(|&wid| {
                        self.topo.wire(wid).ok().map(|w| {
                            let edges: Vec<u32> =
                                w.edges().iter().map(|e| edge_id_to_u32(e.edge())).collect();
                            let orientations: Vec<bool> = w
                                .edges()
                                .iter()
                                .map(brepkit_topology::wire::OrientedEdge::is_forward)
                                .collect();
                            serde_json::json!({
                                "edges": edges,
                                "orientations": orientations,
                            })
                        })
                    })
                    .collect();
                Ok(serde_json::json!({
                    "id": face_id_to_u32(fid),
                    "surfaceType": surface_type,
                    "surfaceParams": surface_params,
                    "reversed": f.is_reversed(),
                    "outerWireEdges": outer_edges,
                    "outerWireOrientations": outer_edge_orientations,
                    "innerWires": inner_wires,
                }))
            })
            .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;

        Ok(serde_json::to_string(&serde_json::json!({
            "type": "solid",
            "solidId": solid_id_to_u32(solid_id),
            "vertices": vert_json,
            "edges": edge_json,
            "faces": face_json,
        }))
        .map_err(|e| JsError::new(&e.to_string()))?
        .into())
    }

    /// Reconstruct a solid from a BREP string.
    ///
    /// Accepts both STEP format (from `toBREP`) and JSON format (from
    /// `toBrepJson`). Auto-detects the format: strings starting with `{`
    /// are parsed as JSON, otherwise as STEP.
    ///
    /// Only single-solid STEP files are supported. Multi-solid files will
    /// return only the first solid.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the data is invalid or reconstruction fails.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "fromBREP")]
    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
    pub fn from_brep(&mut self, data: &str) -> Result<u32, JsError> {
        let trimmed = data.trim_start();
        if trimmed.starts_with('{') {
            // JSON BREP format
            Ok(self.from_brep_impl(data)?)
        } else {
            // STEP format — delegate to STEP import
            let solids = brepkit_io::step::reader::read_step(data, self.topo_mut())
                .map_err(|e| JsError::new(&e.to_string()))?;
            let first = solids
                .first()
                .ok_or_else(|| JsError::new("fromBREP: STEP data produced no solids"))?;
            #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
            Ok(first.index() as u32)
        }
    }

    /// Get the face normal of a planar face.
    ///
    /// Returns `[nx, ny, nz]`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the face is invalid or NURBS.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getFaceNormal")]
    pub fn get_face_normal(&self, face: u32) -> Result<Vec<f64>, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let face_data = self.topo.face(face_id)?;
        match face_data.surface() {
            brepkit_topology::face::FaceSurface::Plane { normal, .. } => {
                Ok(vec![normal.x(), normal.y(), normal.z()])
            }
            _ => Err(WasmError::InvalidInput {
                reason: "getFaceNormal only works on planar faces".into(),
            }
            .into()),
        }
    }

    /// Get entity counts of a solid: `[faces, edges, vertices]`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the solid handle is invalid.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getEntityCounts")]
    pub fn get_entity_counts(&self, solid: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let solid_id = self.resolve_solid(solid)?;
        let (f, e, v) = brepkit_topology::explorer::solid_entity_counts(&self.topo, solid_id)?;
        #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
        Ok(vec![f as u32, e as u32, v as u32])
    }

    // ── Topology queries (extended) ──────────────────────────────

    /// Get the edge handles of a face.
    ///
    /// Returns an array of edge handles (`u32[]`).
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getFaceEdges")]
    pub fn get_face_edges(&self, face: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let edges = brepkit_topology::explorer::face_edges(&self.topo, face_id)?;
        #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
        Ok(edges.iter().map(|e| e.index() as u32).collect())
    }

    /// Get the vertex handles of a face.
    ///
    /// Returns an array of vertex handles (`u32[]`).
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getFaceVertices")]
    pub fn get_face_vertices(&self, face: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let verts = brepkit_topology::explorer::face_vertices(&self.topo, face_id)?;
        #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
        Ok(verts.iter().map(|v| v.index() as u32).collect())
    }

    /// Get the outer wire handle of a face.
    ///
    /// Returns a wire handle (`u32`).
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getFaceOuterWire")]
    pub fn get_face_outer_wire(&self, face: u32) -> Result<u32, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let face_data = self.topo.face(face_id)?;
        Ok(wire_id_to_u32(face_data.outer_wire()))
    }

    /// Get all wires of a face (outer wire first, then inner/hole wires).
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// Returns an error if the face handle is invalid.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getFaceWires")]
    pub fn get_face_wires(&self, face: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let face_data = self.topo.face(face_id)?;
        let mut wires = vec![wire_id_to_u32(face_data.outer_wire())];
        for &iw in face_data.inner_wires() {
            wires.push(wire_id_to_u32(iw));
        }
        Ok(wires)
    }

    /// Get the surface type of a face.
    ///
    /// Returns one of: `"plane"`, `"cylinder"`, `"cone"`, `"sphere"`,
    /// `"torus"`, `"bspline"`.
    ///
    /// For NURBS surfaces that exactly represent analytic shapes, this
    /// returns the underlying analytic type (e.g. `"sphere"` for a NURBS
    /// sphere patch).
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getSurfaceType")]
    pub fn get_surface_type(&self, face: u32) -> Result<String, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let face_data = self.topo.face(face_id)?;
        Ok(match face_data.surface() {
            FaceSurface::Plane { .. } => "plane",
            FaceSurface::Nurbs(ns) => detect_surface_kind(ns).as_str(),
            FaceSurface::Cylinder(_) => "cylinder",
            FaceSurface::Cone(_) => "cone",
            FaceSurface::Sphere(_) => "sphere",
            FaceSurface::Torus(_) => "torus",
        }
        .into())
    }

    /// Get the curve type of an edge.
    ///
    /// Returns `"LINE"`, `"BSPLINE_CURVE"`, `"CIRCLE"`, or `"ELLIPSE"`.
    ///
    /// For NURBS curves that exactly represent analytic curves, this
    /// returns the underlying analytic type (e.g. `"CIRCLE"` for a
    /// rational NURBS circle).
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getEdgeCurveType")]
    pub fn get_edge_curve_type(&self, edge: u32) -> Result<String, JsError> {
        let edge_id = self.resolve_edge(edge)?;
        let edge_data = self.topo.edge(edge_id)?;
        Ok(match edge_data.curve() {
            EdgeCurve::Line => "LINE",
            EdgeCurve::NurbsCurve(nc) => match detect_curve_kind(nc) {
                DetectedCurveKind::Line => "LINE",
                DetectedCurveKind::Circle => "CIRCLE",
                DetectedCurveKind::BSpline => "BSPLINE_CURVE",
            },
            EdgeCurve::Circle(_) => "CIRCLE",
            EdgeCurve::Ellipse(_) => "ELLIPSE",
        }
        .into())
    }

    /// Get the parameter domain of an edge curve.
    ///
    /// Returns `[t_start, t_end]`.
    /// For line edges: `[0.0, length]`.
    /// For NURBS edges: knot domain.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getEdgeCurveParameters")]
    pub fn get_edge_curve_parameters(&self, edge: u32) -> Result<Vec<f64>, JsError> {
        let edge_id = self.resolve_edge(edge)?;
        let edge_data = self.topo.edge(edge_id)?;
        match edge_data.curve() {
            EdgeCurve::Line => {
                let start = self.topo.vertex(edge_data.start())?.point();
                let end = self.topo.vertex(edge_data.end())?.point();
                let len = (end - start).length();
                Ok(vec![0.0, len])
            }
            EdgeCurve::NurbsCurve(curve) => {
                let (u_start, u_end) = curve.domain();
                Ok(vec![u_start, u_end])
            }
            EdgeCurve::Circle(_) | EdgeCurve::Ellipse(_) => Ok(vec![0.0, std::f64::consts::TAU]),
        }
    }

    /// Evaluate a point on an edge curve at parameter `t`.
    ///
    /// Returns `[x, y, z]`.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "evaluateEdgeCurve")]
    pub fn evaluate_edge_curve(&self, edge: u32, t: f64) -> Result<Vec<f64>, JsError> {
        validate_finite(t, "t")?;
        let edge_id = self.resolve_edge(edge)?;
        let edge_data = self.topo.edge(edge_id)?;
        let point = match edge_data.curve() {
            EdgeCurve::Line => {
                let start = self.topo.vertex(edge_data.start())?.point();
                let end = self.topo.vertex(edge_data.end())?.point();
                let len = (end - start).length();
                if len < 1e-15 {
                    start
                } else {
                    let frac = t / len;
                    let dir = end - start;
                    Point3::new(
                        start.x() + dir.x() * frac,
                        start.y() + dir.y() * frac,
                        start.z() + dir.z() * frac,
                    )
                }
            }
            EdgeCurve::NurbsCurve(curve) => curve.evaluate(t),
            EdgeCurve::Circle(circle) => circle.evaluate(t),
            EdgeCurve::Ellipse(ellipse) => ellipse.evaluate(t),
        };
        Ok(vec![point.x(), point.y(), point.z()])
    }

    /// Evaluate a point and tangent on an edge curve at parameter `t`.
    ///
    /// Returns `[px, py, pz, tx, ty, tz]`.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "evaluateEdgeCurveD1")]
    pub fn evaluate_edge_curve_d1(&self, edge: u32, t: f64) -> Result<Vec<f64>, JsError> {
        validate_finite(t, "t")?;
        let edge_id = self.resolve_edge(edge)?;
        let edge_data = self.topo.edge(edge_id)?;
        match edge_data.curve() {
            EdgeCurve::Line => {
                let start = self.topo.vertex(edge_data.start())?.point();
                let end = self.topo.vertex(edge_data.end())?.point();
                let dir = end - start;
                let len = dir.length();
                let frac = if len < 1e-15 { 0.0 } else { t / len };
                let point = Point3::new(
                    start.x() + dir.x() * frac,
                    start.y() + dir.y() * frac,
                    start.z() + dir.z() * frac,
                );
                let tangent = if len < 1e-15 {
                    Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
                } else {
                    Vec3::new(dir.x() / len, dir.y() / len, dir.z() / len)
                };
                Ok(vec![
                    point.x(),
                    point.y(),
                    point.z(),
                    tangent.x(),
                    tangent.y(),
                    tangent.z(),
                ])
            }
            EdgeCurve::NurbsCurve(curve) => {
                let point = curve.evaluate(t);
                let derivs = curve.derivatives(t, 1);
                let tangent = if derivs.len() > 1 {
                    derivs[1]
                } else {
                    Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
                };
                Ok(vec![
                    point.x(),
                    point.y(),
                    point.z(),
                    tangent.x(),
                    tangent.y(),
                    tangent.z(),
                ])
            }
            EdgeCurve::Circle(circle) => {
                let point = circle.evaluate(t);
                let tangent = circle.tangent(t);
                Ok(vec![
                    point.x(),
                    point.y(),
                    point.z(),
                    tangent.x(),
                    tangent.y(),
                    tangent.z(),
                ])
            }
            EdgeCurve::Ellipse(ellipse) => {
                let point = ellipse.evaluate(t);
                let tangent = ellipse.tangent(t);
                Ok(vec![
                    point.x(),
                    point.y(),
                    point.z(),
                    tangent.x(),
                    tangent.y(),
                    tangent.z(),
                ])
            }
        }
    }

    /// Measure curvature of an edge curve at parameter `t`.
    ///
    /// Returns `[curvature, tangent_x, tangent_y, tangent_z, normal_x, normal_y, normal_z]`.
    /// Curvature is 1/radius. For lines, curvature is 0.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "measureCurvatureAtEdge")]
    pub fn measure_curvature_at_edge(&self, edge: u32, t: f64) -> Result<Vec<f64>, JsError> {
        validate_finite(t, "t")?;
        let edge_id = self.resolve_edge(edge)?;
        let edge_data = self.topo.edge(edge_id)?;
        match edge_data.curve() {
            EdgeCurve::Line => {
                let start = self.topo.vertex(edge_data.start())?.point();
                let end = self.topo.vertex(edge_data.end())?.point();
                let dir = end - start;
                let len = dir.length();
                let tangent = if len < 1e-15 {
                    Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
                } else {
                    Vec3::new(dir.x() / len, dir.y() / len, dir.z() / len)
                };
                Ok(vec![
                    0.0,
                    tangent.x(),
                    tangent.y(),
                    tangent.z(),
                    0.0,
                    0.0,
                    0.0,
                ])
            }
            EdgeCurve::NurbsCurve(curve) => {
                let curvature = curve.curvature(t).unwrap_or(0.0);
                let derivs = curve.derivatives(t, 2);
                let tangent = if derivs.len() > 1 {
                    derivs[1].normalize().unwrap_or(Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0))
                } else {
                    Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
                };
                let normal = if derivs.len() > 2 {
                    let d1 = derivs[1];
                    let d2 = derivs[2];
                    let cross = d1.cross(d2);
                    let binormal = cross.normalize().unwrap_or(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
                    binormal
                        .cross(tangent)
                        .normalize()
                        .unwrap_or(Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0))
                } else {
                    Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
                };
                Ok(vec![
                    curvature,
                    tangent.x(),
                    tangent.y(),
                    tangent.z(),
                    normal.x(),
                    normal.y(),
                    normal.z(),
                ])
            }
            EdgeCurve::Circle(circle) => {
                let curvature = 1.0 / circle.radius();
                let tangent = circle
                    .tangent(t)
                    .normalize()
                    .unwrap_or(Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
                let point = circle.evaluate(t);
                let to_center = Vec3::new(
                    circle.center().x() - point.x(),
                    circle.center().y() - point.y(),
                    circle.center().z() - point.z(),
                );
                let normal = to_center.normalize().unwrap_or(Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));
                Ok(vec![
                    curvature,
                    tangent.x(),
                    tangent.y(),
                    tangent.z(),
                    normal.x(),
                    normal.y(),
                    normal.z(),
                ])
            }
            EdgeCurve::Ellipse(ellipse) => {
                let point = ellipse.evaluate(t);
                let tangent = ellipse
                    .tangent(t)
                    .normalize()
                    .unwrap_or(Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
                // Approximate curvature from finite differences
                let dt = 1e-6;
                let p0 = ellipse.evaluate(t - dt);
                let p1 = ellipse.evaluate(t + dt);
                let d1 = p1 - p0;
                let d2 = (p1 - point) - (point - p0);
                let speed = d1.length() / (2.0 * dt);
                let curvature = if speed > 1e-15 {
                    d1.cross(d2).length() / ((2.0 * dt) * speed * speed * speed)
                } else {
                    0.0
                };
                let normal = Vec3::new(
                    ellipse.center().x() - point.x(),
                    ellipse.center().y() - point.y(),
                    ellipse.center().z() - point.z(),
                )
                .normalize()
                .unwrap_or(Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));
                Ok(vec![
                    curvature,
                    tangent.x(),
                    tangent.y(),
                    tangent.z(),
                    normal.x(),
                    normal.y(),
                    normal.z(),
                ])
            }
        }
    }

    /// Evaluate a surface normal at (u, v) on a face.
    ///
    /// Returns `[nx, ny, nz]`.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "evaluateSurfaceNormal")]
    pub fn evaluate_surface_normal(&self, face: u32, u: f64, v: f64) -> Result<Vec<f64>, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let face_data = self.topo.face(face_id)?;
        match face_data.surface() {
            FaceSurface::Plane { normal, .. } => Ok(vec![normal.x(), normal.y(), normal.z()]),
            FaceSurface::Nurbs(surface) => {
                let derivs = surface.derivatives(u, v, 1);
                let du = if derivs.len() > 1 && !derivs[1].is_empty() {
                    derivs[1][0]
                } else {
                    Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
                };
                let dv = if !derivs.is_empty() && derivs[0].len() > 1 {
                    derivs[0][1]
                } else {
                    Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
                };
                let n = du.cross(dv);
                match n.normalize() {
                    Ok(normal) => Ok(vec![normal.x(), normal.y(), normal.z()]),
                    Err(_) => Ok(vec![0.0, 0.0, 1.0]),
                }
            }
            FaceSurface::Cylinder(cyl) => {
                let n = cyl.normal(u, v);
                Ok(vec![n.x(), n.y(), n.z()])
            }
            FaceSurface::Cone(cone) => {
                let n = cone.normal(u, v);
                Ok(vec![n.x(), n.y(), n.z()])
            }
            FaceSurface::Sphere(sph) => {
                let n = sph.normal(u, v);
                Ok(vec![n.x(), n.y(), n.z()])
            }
            FaceSurface::Torus(tor) => {
                let n = tor.normal(u, v);
                Ok(vec![n.x(), n.y(), n.z()])
            }
        }
    }

    /// Evaluate a point on a face surface at (u, v).
    ///
    /// Returns `[x, y, z]`.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "evaluateSurface")]
    pub fn evaluate_surface(&self, face: u32, u: f64, v: f64) -> Result<Vec<f64>, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let face_data = self.topo.face(face_id)?;
        let point = match face_data.surface() {
            FaceSurface::Plane { normal, d } => {
                // Build a point on the plane: p = d * normal + u * x_axis + v * y_axis
                // Choose arbitrary axes perpendicular to normal
                let up = if normal.x().abs() < 0.9 {
                    Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
                } else {
                    Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
                };
                let x_axis = normal.cross(up);
                let y_axis = normal.cross(x_axis);
                Point3::new(
                    normal.x() * d + x_axis.x() * u + y_axis.x() * v,
                    normal.y() * d + x_axis.y() * u + y_axis.y() * v,
                    normal.z() * d + x_axis.z() * u + y_axis.z() * v,
                )
            }
            FaceSurface::Nurbs(surface) => surface.evaluate(u, v),
            FaceSurface::Cylinder(cyl) => cyl.evaluate(u, v),
            FaceSurface::Cone(cone) => cone.evaluate(u, v),
            FaceSurface::Sphere(sph) => sph.evaluate(u, v),
            FaceSurface::Torus(tor) => tor.evaluate(u, v),
        };
        Ok(vec![point.x(), point.y(), point.z()])
    }

    /// Measure principal curvatures at (u, v) on a face surface.
    ///
    /// Returns `[k1, k2, d1x, d1y, d1z, d2x, d2y, d2z]` where k1/k2 are
    /// principal curvatures and d1/d2 are the corresponding direction vectors.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "measureCurvatureAtSurface")]
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
    pub fn measure_curvature_at_surface(
        &self,
        face: u32,
        u: f64,
        v: f64,
    ) -> Result<Vec<f64>, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let face_data = self.topo.face(face_id)?;
        match face_data.surface() {
            FaceSurface::Plane { .. } => Ok(vec![0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]),
            FaceSurface::Nurbs(surface) => {
                let derivs = surface.derivatives(u, v, 2);
                // derivs[i][j] = d^(i+j) S / du^i dv^j
                let su = if derivs.len() > 1 && !derivs[1].is_empty() {
                    derivs[1][0]
                } else {
                    return Ok(vec![0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]);
                };
                let sv = if !derivs.is_empty() && derivs[0].len() > 1 {
                    derivs[0][1]
                } else {
                    return Ok(vec![0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]);
                };
                let suu = if derivs.len() > 2 && !derivs[2].is_empty() {
                    derivs[2][0]
                } else {
                    Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
                };
                let suv = if derivs.len() > 1 && derivs[1].len() > 1 {
                    derivs[1][1]
                } else {
                    Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
                };
                let svv = if !derivs.is_empty() && derivs[0].len() > 2 {
                    derivs[0][2]
                } else {
                    Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
                };

                let normal = su.cross(sv);
                let normal = match normal.normalize() {
                    Ok(n) => n,
                    Err(_) => return Ok(vec![0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]),
                };

                // First fundamental form coefficients
                let ee = su.dot(su);
                let ff = su.dot(sv);
                let gg = sv.dot(sv);

                // Second fundamental form coefficients
                let ll = suu.dot(normal);
                let mm = suv.dot(normal);
                let nn = svv.dot(normal);

                // Principal curvatures from shape operator eigenvalues
                let denom = ee * gg - ff * ff;
                if denom.abs() < 1e-30 {
                    return Ok(vec![0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]);
                }
                let h = 0.5 * (ee * nn - 2.0 * ff * mm + gg * ll) / denom; // mean curvature
                let k = (ll * nn - mm * mm) / denom; // Gaussian curvature
                let disc = (h * h - k).max(0.0).sqrt();
                let k1 = h + disc;
                let k2 = h - disc;

                // Principal directions (approximate)
                let su_norm = su.normalize().unwrap_or(Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
                let sv_norm = sv.normalize().unwrap_or(Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));

                Ok(vec![
                    k1,
                    k2,
                    su_norm.x(),
                    su_norm.y(),
                    su_norm.z(),
                    sv_norm.x(),
                    sv_norm.y(),
                    sv_norm.z(),
                ])
            }
            FaceSurface::Cylinder(cyl) => {
                let r = cyl.radius();
                let axis = cyl.axis().normalize().unwrap_or(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
                let point = cyl.evaluate(u, v);
                let to_axis = Vec3::new(
                    cyl.origin().x() - point.x()
                        + axis.x()
                            * axis.dot(Vec3::new(
                                point.x() - cyl.origin().x(),
                                point.y() - cyl.origin().y(),
                                point.z() - cyl.origin().z(),
                            )),
                    cyl.origin().y() - point.y()
                        + axis.y()
                            * axis.dot(Vec3::new(
                                point.x() - cyl.origin().x(),
                                point.y() - cyl.origin().y(),
                                point.z() - cyl.origin().z(),
                            )),
                    cyl.origin().z() - point.z()
                        + axis.z()
                            * axis.dot(Vec3::new(
                                point.x() - cyl.origin().x(),
                                point.y() - cyl.origin().y(),
                                point.z() - cyl.origin().z(),
                            )),
                );
                let radial = to_axis.normalize().unwrap_or(Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
                Ok(vec![
                    1.0 / r,
                    0.0,
                    radial.x(),
                    radial.y(),
                    radial.z(),
                    axis.x(),
                    axis.y(),
                    axis.z(),
                ])
            }
            FaceSurface::Sphere(sph) => {
                let r = sph.radius();
                let point = sph.evaluate(u, v);
                let radial = Vec3::new(
                    point.x() - sph.center().x(),
                    point.y() - sph.center().y(),
                    point.z() - sph.center().z(),
                )
                .normalize()
                .unwrap_or(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
                // Both principal curvatures are 1/r for a sphere
                let d1 = Vec3::new(-radial.y(), radial.x(), 0.0)
                    .normalize()
                    .unwrap_or(Vec3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
                let d2 = radial.cross(d1);
                Ok(vec![
                    1.0 / r,
                    1.0 / r,
                    d1.x(),
                    d1.y(),
                    d1.z(),
                    d2.x(),
                    d2.y(),
                    d2.z(),
                ])
            }
            FaceSurface::Cone(cone) => {
                let half_angle = cone.half_angle();
                let v_pos = v.abs().max(1e-10);
                let local_r = v_pos * half_angle.sin();
                let k_parallel = if local_r > 1e-15 {
                    half_angle.cos() / local_r
                } else {
                    0.0
                };
                let axis = cone.axis().normalize().unwrap_or(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
                Ok(vec![
                    0.0,
                    k_parallel,
                    axis.x(),
                    axis.y(),
                    axis.z(),
                    1.0,
                    0.0,
                    0.0,
                ])
            }
            FaceSurface::Torus(torus) => {
                let r_major = torus.major_radius();
                let r_minor = torus.minor_radius();
                let k1 = 1.0 / r_minor;
                let k2 = u.cos() / (r_major + r_minor * u.cos());
                Ok(vec![k1, k2, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0])
            }
        }
    }

    /// Tessellate an edge curve into polyline segments.
    ///
    /// For line edges, returns just start and end points.
    /// For NURBS edges, samples at `num_points` along the curve.
    ///
    /// Returns flattened `[x, y, z, x, y, z, ...]` array.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "tessellateEdge")]
    pub fn tessellate_edge(&self, edge: u32, num_points: u32) -> Result<Vec<f64>, JsError> {
        let edge_id = self.resolve_edge(edge)?;
        let edge_data = self.topo.edge(edge_id)?;

        match edge_data.curve() {
            EdgeCurve::Line => {
                let start = self.topo.vertex(edge_data.start())?.point();
                let end = self.topo.vertex(edge_data.end())?.point();
                Ok(vec![
                    start.x(),
                    start.y(),
                    start.z(),
                    end.x(),
                    end.y(),
                    end.z(),
                ])
            }
            EdgeCurve::NurbsCurve(curve) => {
                let (u0, u1) = curve.domain();
                let n = std::cmp::max(2, num_points as usize);
                let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(n * 3);
                for i in 0..n {
                    #[allow(clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
                    let t = u0 + (u1 - u0) * (i as f64) / ((n - 1) as f64);
                    let p = curve.evaluate(t);
                    result.push(p.x());
                    result.push(p.y());
                    result.push(p.z());
                }
                Ok(result)
            }
            EdgeCurve::Circle(circle) => {
                let n = std::cmp::max(2, num_points as usize);
                Ok(sample_full_period_curve(n, |t| circle.evaluate(t)))
            }
            EdgeCurve::Ellipse(ellipse) => {
                let n = std::cmp::max(2, num_points as usize);
                Ok(sample_full_period_curve(n, |t| ellipse.evaluate(t)))
            }
        }
    }

    /// Check if an edge is forward-oriented in a given wire.
    ///
    /// Returns `true` if the edge is forward in the wire, `false` if reversed.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "isEdgeForwardInWire")]
    pub fn is_edge_forward_in_wire(&self, edge: u32, wire: u32) -> Result<bool, JsError> {
        let edge_id = self.resolve_edge(edge)?;
        let wire_id = self.resolve_wire(wire)?;
        let wire_data = self.topo.wire(wire_id)?;

        for oe in wire_data.edges() {
            if oe.edge() == edge_id {
                return Ok(oe.is_forward());
            }
        }

        Err(WasmError::InvalidInput {
            reason: "edge not found in wire".into(),
        }
        .into())
    }

    /// Get the UV parameter domain of a face's surface.
    ///
    /// Returns `[u_min, u_max, v_min, v_max]`.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getSurfaceDomain")]
    pub fn get_surface_domain(&self, face: u32) -> Result<Vec<f64>, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let face_data = self.topo.face(face_id)?;
        match face_data.surface() {
            FaceSurface::Plane { .. } => Ok(vec![-1e6, 1e6, -1e6, 1e6]),
            FaceSurface::Nurbs(surface) => {
                let (u0, u1) = surface.domain_u();
                let (v0, v1) = surface.domain_v();
                Ok(vec![u0, u1, v0, v1])
            }
            FaceSurface::Cylinder(cyl) => {
                let v_range = brepkit_check::properties::axial_v_range(
                    &self.topo,
                    face_id,
                    cyl.origin(),
                    cyl.axis(),
                )?;
                Ok(vec![0.0, 2.0 * PI, v_range.0, v_range.1])
            }
            FaceSurface::Cone(cone) => {
                let v_range = brepkit_check::properties::axial_v_range(
                    &self.topo,
                    face_id,
                    cone.apex(),
                    cone.axis(),
                )?;
                Ok(vec![0.0, 2.0 * PI, v_range.0, v_range.1])
            }
            FaceSurface::Sphere(_) => Ok(vec![0.0, 2.0 * PI, -PI / 2.0, PI / 2.0]),
            FaceSurface::Torus(_) => Ok(vec![0.0, 2.0 * PI, 0.0, 2.0 * PI]),
        }
    }

    /// Project a 3D point onto a face surface using Newton iteration.
    ///
    /// Returns `[u, v, px, py, pz, distance]`.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "projectPointOnSurface")]
    pub fn project_point_on_surface(
        &self,
        face: u32,
        px: f64,
        py: f64,
        pz: f64,
    ) -> Result<Vec<f64>, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let face_data = self.topo.face(face_id)?;
        let target = Point3::new(px, py, pz);

        match face_data.surface() {
            FaceSurface::Plane { normal, d } => {
                // Project onto plane: p - ((p·n - d) * n)
                let dist_to_plane = normal.x() * px + normal.y() * py + normal.z() * pz - d;
                let proj = Point3::new(
                    px - dist_to_plane * normal.x(),
                    py - dist_to_plane * normal.y(),
                    pz - dist_to_plane * normal.z(),
                );
                let dist = (proj - target).length();
                // UV coordinates: project onto plane's local frame
                Ok(vec![proj.x(), proj.y(), proj.x(), proj.y(), proj.z(), dist])
            }
            FaceSurface::Nurbs(surface) => {
                // Newton iteration for closest point on NURBS surface
                let (u0, u1) = surface.domain_u();
                let (v0, v1) = surface.domain_v();
                let mut best_u = f64::midpoint(u0, u1);
                let mut best_v = f64::midpoint(v0, v1);
                let mut best_dist = f64::MAX;

                // Grid search for initial guess
                let n_grid = 8;
                for iu in 0..=n_grid {
                    for iv in 0..=n_grid {
                        #[allow(clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
                        let u = u0 + (u1 - u0) * (iu as f64) / (n_grid as f64);
                        #[allow(clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
                        let v = v0 + (v1 - v0) * (iv as f64) / (n_grid as f64);
                        let p = surface.evaluate(u, v);
                        let d = (p - target).length();
                        if d < best_dist {
                            best_dist = d;
                            best_u = u;
                            best_v = v;
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Newton refinement (5 iterations)
                for _ in 0..5 {
                    let p = surface.evaluate(best_u, best_v);
                    let derivs = surface.derivatives(best_u, best_v, 1);
                    if derivs.len() < 2 || derivs[0].len() < 2 || derivs[1].is_empty() {
                        break;
                    }
                    let du = derivs[1][0]; // dS/du
                    let dv = derivs[0][1]; // dS/dv
                    let diff = p - target;

                    // Jacobian entries
                    let j00 = du.dot(du);
                    let j01 = du.dot(dv);
                    let j10 = j01;
                    let j11 = dv.dot(dv);
                    let r0 = diff.x() * du.x() + diff.y() * du.y() + diff.z() * du.z();
                    let r1 = diff.x() * dv.x() + diff.y() * dv.y() + diff.z() * dv.z();

                    let det = j00 * j11 - j01 * j10;
                    if det.abs() < 1e-20 {
                        break;
                    }
                    let delta_u = -(j11 * r0 - j01 * r1) / det;
                    let delta_v = -(-j10 * r0 + j00 * r1) / det;

                    best_u = (best_u + delta_u).clamp(u0, u1);
                    best_v = (best_v + delta_v).clamp(v0, v1);
                }

                let proj = surface.evaluate(best_u, best_v);
                let dist = (proj - target).length();
                Ok(vec![best_u, best_v, proj.x(), proj.y(), proj.z(), dist])
            }
            _ => {
                // For analytic surfaces, use grid search (no Newton for now)
                let mut best_u = 0.0;
                let mut best_v = 0.0;
                let mut best_dist = f64::MAX;
                let n_grid = 16;
                for iu in 0..=n_grid {
                    for iv in 0..=n_grid {
                        #[allow(clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
                        let u = 2.0 * PI * (iu as f64) / (n_grid as f64);
                        #[allow(clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
                        let v = -PI + 2.0 * PI * (iv as f64) / (n_grid as f64);
                        let p = match face_data.surface() {
                            FaceSurface::Cylinder(cyl) => cyl.evaluate(u, v),
                            FaceSurface::Cone(cone) => cone.evaluate(u, v),
                            FaceSurface::Sphere(sph) => sph.evaluate(u, v),
                            FaceSurface::Torus(tor) => tor.evaluate(u, v),
                            _ => continue,
                        };
                        let d = (p - target).length();
                        if d < best_dist {
                            best_dist = d;
                            best_u = u;
                            best_v = v;
                        }
                    }
                }
                let proj = match face_data.surface() {
                    FaceSurface::Cylinder(cyl) => cyl.evaluate(best_u, best_v),
                    FaceSurface::Cone(cone) => cone.evaluate(best_u, best_v),
                    FaceSurface::Sphere(sph) => sph.evaluate(best_u, best_v),
                    FaceSurface::Torus(tor) => tor.evaluate(best_u, best_v),
                    _ => target,
                };
                Ok(vec![
                    best_u,
                    best_v,
                    proj.x(),
                    proj.y(),
                    proj.z(),
                    best_dist,
                ])
            }
        }
    }

    /// Add hole wires to an existing face, creating a new face with the same
    /// surface but additional inner wires.
    ///
    /// Returns a new face handle (`u32`).
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "addHolesToFace")]
    #[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
    pub fn add_holes_to_face(
        &mut self,
        face: u32,
        hole_wire_handles: Vec<u32>,
    ) -> Result<u32, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let face_data = self.topo.face(face_id)?;
        let outer_wire = face_data.outer_wire();
        let surface = face_data.surface().clone();
        let mut inner_wires: Vec<brepkit_topology::wire::WireId> = face_data.inner_wires().to_vec();

        for &wh in &hole_wire_handles {
            let wid = self.resolve_wire(wh)?;
            inner_wires.push(wid);
        }

        let new_face = Face::new(outer_wire, inner_wires, surface);
        let fid = self.topo_mut().add_face(new_face);
        Ok(face_id_to_u32(fid))
    }

    /// Build an edge's NURBS curve data for JS consumption.
    ///
    /// Returns `null` for line edges, or a JSON string with
    /// `{degree, knots, controlPoints, weights}` for NURBS edges.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getEdgeNurbsData")]
    pub fn get_edge_nurbs_data(&self, edge: u32) -> Result<JsValue, JsError> {
        let edge_id = self.resolve_edge(edge)?;
        let edge_data = self.topo.edge(edge_id)?;
        match edge_data.curve() {
            EdgeCurve::Line | EdgeCurve::Circle(_) | EdgeCurve::Ellipse(_) => Ok(JsValue::NULL),
            EdgeCurve::NurbsCurve(curve) => {
                let cp_flat: Vec<f64> = curve
                    .control_points()
                    .iter()
                    .flat_map(|p| [p.x(), p.y(), p.z()])
                    .collect();
                let data = serde_json::json!({
                    "degree": curve.degree(),
                    "knots": curve.knots(),
                    "controlPoints": cp_flat,
                    "weights": curve.weights(),
                });
                Ok(JsValue::from_str(&data.to_string()))
            }
        }
    }

    /// Get the edge-to-face adjacency map for a solid.
    ///
    /// Returns a JSON string: `{"edgeId": [faceId, ...], ...}`.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "edgeToFaceMap")]
    pub fn edge_to_face_map(&self, solid: u32) -> Result<String, JsError> {
        let solid_id = self.resolve_solid(solid)?;
        let map = brepkit_topology::explorer::edge_to_face_map(&self.topo, solid_id)?;
        let json_map: std::collections::HashMap<String, Vec<u32>> = map
            .into_iter()
            .map(|(edge_idx, face_ids)| {
                let fids: Vec<u32> = face_ids.iter().map(|f| face_id_to_u32(*f)).collect();
                (edge_idx.to_string(), fids)
            })
            .collect();
        Ok(serde_json::json!(json_map).to_string())
    }

    /// Get edges shared between two faces.
    ///
    /// Returns an array of edge handles.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "sharedEdges")]
    pub fn shared_edges(&self, face_a: u32, face_b: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let fa = self.resolve_face(face_a)?;
        let fb = self.resolve_face(face_b)?;
        let edges = brepkit_topology::explorer::shared_edges(&self.topo, fa, fb)?;
        Ok(edges.iter().map(|e| edge_id_to_u32(*e)).collect())
    }

    /// Get faces adjacent to a given face within a solid.
    ///
    /// Returns an array of face handles.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "adjacentFaces")]
    pub fn adjacent_faces(&self, solid: u32, face: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let solid_id = self.resolve_solid(solid)?;
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let map = brepkit_topology::explorer::edge_to_face_map(&self.topo, solid_id)?;
        let adj = brepkit_topology::explorer::adjacent_faces(&self.topo, face_id, &map)?;
        Ok(adj.iter().map(|f| face_id_to_u32(*f)).collect())
    }

    /// Get the wires (outer + inner) of a face.
    ///
    /// Returns an array of wire handles.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "faceWires")]
    pub fn face_wires(&self, face: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let wires = brepkit_topology::explorer::face_wires(&self.topo, face_id)?;
        Ok(wires.iter().map(|w| wire_id_to_u32(*w)).collect())
    }

    /// Get the solid handles within a compound.
    ///
    /// Returns an array of solid handles (`u32[]`).
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the compound handle is invalid.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getCompoundSolids")]
    pub fn get_compound_solids(&self, compound: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let compound_id = self.resolve_compound(compound)?;
        let compound_data = self.topo.compound(compound_id)?;
        Ok(compound_data
            .solids()
            .iter()
            .map(|s| solid_id_to_u32(*s))
            .collect())
    }

    /// Get the face handles of a shell.
    ///
    /// Returns an array of face handles (`u32[]`).
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the shell handle is invalid.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getShellFaces")]
    pub fn get_shell_faces(&self, shell: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let shell_id = self.resolve_shell(shell)?;
        let shell_data = self.topo.shell(shell_id)?;
        Ok(shell_data
            .faces()
            .iter()
            .map(|f| face_id_to_u32(*f))
            .collect())
    }

    /// Get the edge handles of a wire.
    ///
    /// Returns an array of unique edge handles (`u32[]`).
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the wire handle is invalid.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getWireEdges")]
    pub fn get_wire_edges(&self, wire: u32) -> Result<Vec<u32>, JsError> {
        let wire_id = self.resolve_wire(wire)?;
        let wire_data = self.topo.wire(wire_id)?;
        Ok(wire_data
            .edges()
            .iter()
            .map(|oe| edge_id_to_u32(oe.edge()))
            .collect())
    }

    /// Check whether a wire is closed (last edge connects back to first).
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "isWireClosed")]
    pub fn is_wire_closed(&self, wire: u32) -> Result<bool, JsError> {
        let wire_id = self.resolve_wire(wire)?;
        let wire_data = self.topo.wire(wire_id)?;
        Ok(wire_data.is_closed())
    }

    /// Compute the total arc-length of a wire.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "wireLength")]
    pub fn wire_length(&self, wire: u32) -> Result<f64, JsError> {
        let wire_id = self.resolve_wire(wire)?;
        let wire_data = self.topo.wire(wire_id)?;
        let mut total = 0.0;
        for oe in wire_data.edges() {
            total += brepkit_operations::measure::edge_length(&self.topo, oe.edge())?;
        }
        Ok(total)
    }

    /// Get the analytic surface parameters of a face.
    ///
    /// Returns a JSON string with surface-type-specific parameters.
    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getAnalyticSurfaceParams")]
    pub fn get_analytic_surface_params(&self, face: u32) -> Result<String, JsError> {
        let face_id = self.resolve_face(face)?;
        let face_data = self.topo.face(face_id)?;
        let json = match face_data.surface() {
            FaceSurface::Plane { normal, d } => serde_json::json!({
                "type": "plane",
                "normal": [normal.x(), normal.y(), normal.z()],
                "d": d,
            }),
            FaceSurface::Nurbs(_) => serde_json::json!({
                "type": "nurbs",
            }),
            FaceSurface::Cylinder(cyl) => serde_json::json!({
                "type": "cylinder",
                "origin": [cyl.origin().x(), cyl.origin().y(), cyl.origin().z()],
                "axis": [cyl.axis().x(), cyl.axis().y(), cyl.axis().z()],
                "radius": cyl.radius(),
            }),
            FaceSurface::Cone(cone) => serde_json::json!({
                "type": "cone",
                "apex": [cone.apex().x(), cone.apex().y(), cone.apex().z()],
                "axis": [cone.axis().x(), cone.axis().y(), cone.axis().z()],
                "halfAngle": cone.half_angle(),
            }),
            FaceSurface::Sphere(sph) => serde_json::json!({
                "type": "sphere",
                "center": [sph.center().x(), sph.center().y(), sph.center().z()],
                "radius": sph.radius(),
            }),
            FaceSurface::Torus(tor) => serde_json::json!({
                "type": "torus",
                "center": [tor.center().x(), tor.center().y(), tor.center().z()],
                "majorRadius": tor.major_radius(),
                "minorRadius": tor.minor_radius(),
            }),
        };
        Ok(json.to_string())
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;