bothan-binance 0.0.1

//! Binance WebSocket API client implementation.
//!
//! This module provides the [`WebSocketConnector`] and [`WebSocketConnection`] for interacting
//! with the Binance WebSocket API. It enables real-time streaming of market data, such as mini ticker
//! updates, and is used internally to implement the [`AssetInfoProvider`] trait for asset workers.
//!
//! This module provides:
//!
//! - Establishes WebSocket connections to Binance servers
//! - Subscribes and unsubscribes to mini ticker streams for specified symbols
//! - Processes incoming WebSocket messages, including mini ticker updates and ping events
//! - Transforms WebSocket messages into [`AssetInfo`] for use in workers
//! - Handles connection management, including closing connections gracefully

use std::str::FromStr;

use bothan_lib::types::AssetInfo;
use bothan_lib::worker::websocket::{AssetInfoProvider, AssetInfoProviderConnector, Data};
use futures_util::{SinkExt, StreamExt};
use rand::random;
use rust_decimal::Decimal;
use serde_json::json;
use tokio::net::TcpStream;
use tokio_tungstenite::tungstenite::Message;
use tokio_tungstenite::{MaybeTlsStream, WebSocketStream, connect_async, tungstenite};

use crate::api::error::{Error, ListeningError};
use crate::api::msgs::{Event, MiniTickerInfo, StreamEventData};

pub const DEFAULT_URL: &str = "wss://stream.binance.com:9443/stream";

/// A connector for establishing WebSocket connections to the Binance WebSocket API.
pub struct WebSocketConnector {
    url: String,
}

/// This struct provides methods to create a new connector and connect to the WebSocket server.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use bothan_binance::WebSocketConnector;
///
/// let connector = WebSocketConnector::new("wss://example.com/socket");
/// let connection = connector.connect();
/// ```
impl WebSocketConnector {
    /// Creates a new `BinanceWebSocketConnector` with the given URL.
    pub fn new(url: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        Self { url: url.into() }
    }

    /// Establishes a WebSocket connection to the Binance server.
    pub async fn connect(&self) -> Result<WebSocketConnection, tungstenite::Error> {
        // Attempt to establish a WebSocket connection.
        let (wss, _) = connect_async(self.url.clone()).await?;
        Ok(WebSocketConnection::new(wss))
    }
}

#[async_trait::async_trait]
impl AssetInfoProviderConnector for WebSocketConnector {
    type Provider = WebSocketConnection;
    type Error = tungstenite::Error;

    /// Connects to the Binance WebSocket API and returns a `WebSocketConnection`.
    async fn connect(&self) -> Result<WebSocketConnection, Self::Error> {
        WebSocketConnector::connect(self).await
    }
}

/// Represents an active WebSocket connection to Binance.
pub struct WebSocketConnection {
    ws_stream: WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>,
}

/// Represents a WebSocket connection to the Binance WebSocket API.
/// This struct encapsulates the WebSocket stream and provides methods for subscribing to
/// mini ticker streams, receiving messages, and closing the connection.
impl WebSocketConnection {
    /// Creates a new `BinanceWebSocketConnection`
    pub fn new(ws_stream: WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>) -> Self {
        Self { ws_stream }
    }

    /// Subscribes to the mini ticker stream for the specified symbol IDs.
    ///
    /// This method sends a subscription request to the Binance WebSocket API for the specified symbol IDs.
    /// Each symbol ID is transformed into a mini ticker stream identifier before being sent.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    ///
    /// - `id`: A unique identifier for the subscription request.
    /// - `tickers`: A slice of symbol IDs to subscribe to.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns a [`tungstenite::Error`] if the WebSocket subscription request fails.  
    pub async fn subscribe_mini_ticker_stream<K: AsRef<str>>(
        &mut self,
        id: i64,
        tickers: &[K],
    ) -> Result<(), tungstenite::Error> {
        // Format the stream IDs for subscription.
        let tickers = tickers
            .iter()
            .map(|id| format!("{}@miniTicker", id.as_ref()))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        // Create the subscription payload.
        let payload = json!({
            "method": "SUBSCRIBE",
            "params": tickers,
            "id": id,
        });

        // Send the subscription message.
        let message = Message::Text(payload.to_string());
        self.ws_stream.send(message).await?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Unsubscribes from the mini ticker stream for the specified symbol IDs.
    ///
    /// This method sends an unsubscription request to the Binance WebSocket API for the specified symbol IDs.
    /// Each symbol ID is transformed into a mini ticker stream identifier before being sent.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    ///
    /// - `id`: A unique identifier for the subscription request.
    /// - `tickers`: A slice of symbol IDs to subscribe to.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns a [`tungstenite::Error`] if the WebSocket unsubscription request fails.
    pub async fn unsubscribe_mini_ticker_stream<K: AsRef<str>>(
        &mut self,
        id: i64,
        tickers: &[K],
    ) -> Result<(), tungstenite::Error> {
        // Format the stream IDs for unsubscription.
        let stream_ids = tickers
            .iter()
            .map(|id| format!("{}@miniTicker", id.as_ref()))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        // Create the unsubscription payload.
        let payload = json!({
            "method": "UNSUBSCRIBE",
            "params": stream_ids,
            "id":id,
        });

        // Send the unsubscription message.
        let message = Message::Text(payload.to_string());
        self.ws_stream.send(message).await?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Retrieves the next message from the WebSocket stream.
    ///
    /// This method listens for incoming WebSocket messages and processes them.
    /// Supported message types include text messages (parsed as `Event`), ping messages, and close messages.
    pub async fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Result<Event, Error>> {
        match self.ws_stream.next().await {
            Some(Ok(Message::Text(msg))) => match serde_json::from_str::<Event>(&msg) {
                Ok(msg) => Some(Ok(msg)),
                Err(e) => Some(Err(Error::ParseError(e))),
            },
            Some(Ok(Message::Ping(_))) => Some(Ok(Event::Ping)),
            Some(Ok(Message::Close(_))) => None,
            Some(Ok(_)) => Some(Err(Error::UnsupportedWebsocketMessageType)),
            Some(Err(_)) => None, // Consider the connection closed if error detected
            None => None,
        }
    }

    /// Closes the WebSocket connection gracefully.
    ///
    /// This method sends a close frame to the WebSocket server and waits for the connection to close.
    pub async fn close(&mut self) -> Result<(), tungstenite::Error> {
        self.ws_stream.close(None).await?;
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[async_trait::async_trait]
impl AssetInfoProvider for WebSocketConnection {
    type SubscriptionError = tungstenite::Error;
    type ListeningError = ListeningError;

    /// Subscribes to asset information updates for the given list of asset IDs.
    ///
    /// This method sends a subscription request to the Binance WebSocket API for the specified asset IDs.
    /// Each asset ID is transformed into a mini ticker stream identifier before being sent.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the WebSocket subscription request fails.
    async fn subscribe(&mut self, ids: &[String]) -> Result<(), Self::SubscriptionError> {
        self.subscribe_mini_ticker_stream(random(), ids).await?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Retrieves the next asset information update from the WebSocket stream.
    ///
    /// This method listens for incoming WebSocket messages and processes them into [`Data`] instances.
    /// Supported message types include mini ticker updates and ping events.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns a [`ListeningError`] if:
    /// - The WebSocket message cannot be parsed
    /// - The mini ticker data contains invalid values
    async fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Result<Data, Self::ListeningError>> {
        WebSocketConnection::next(self).await.map(|r| {
            Ok(match r? {
                Event::Stream(se) => match se.data {
                    StreamEventData::MiniTicker(i) => parse_mini_ticker(i)?,
                },
                Event::Ping => Data::Ping,
                _ => Data::Unused,
            })
        })
    }

    /// Attempts to close the WebSocket connection gracefully.
    ///
    /// This method spawns a task to close the WebSocket connection asynchronously.
    /// It ensures that the connection is terminated without blocking the caller.
    async fn try_close(mut self) {
        tokio::spawn(async move { self.close().await });
    }
}

fn parse_mini_ticker(mini_ticker: MiniTickerInfo) -> Result<Data, rust_decimal::Error> {
    let asset_info = AssetInfo::new(
        mini_ticker.symbol.to_ascii_lowercase(),
        Decimal::from_str(&mini_ticker.close_price)?,
        mini_ticker.event_time / 1000, // convert from millisecond to second
    );
    Ok(Data::AssetInfo(vec![asset_info]))
}

#[cfg(test)]
pub(crate) mod test {
    use tokio::sync::mpsc;
    use ws_mock::ws_mock_server::{WsMock, WsMockServer};

    use super::*;
    use crate::api::msgs::{Event, MiniTickerInfo, StreamEvent};

    pub(crate) async fn setup_mock_server() -> WsMockServer {
        WsMockServer::start().await
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_recv_ticker() {
        // Set up the mock server and the WebSocket connector.
        let server = setup_mock_server().await;
        let connector = WebSocketConnector::new(server.uri().await);
        let (mpsc_send, mpsc_recv) = mpsc::channel::<Message>(32);

        // Create a mock mini ticker response.
        let mock_ticker = MiniTickerInfo {
            event_time: 10000,
            symbol: "BTC".to_string(),
            close_price: "420000".to_string(),
            open_price: "420001".to_string(),
            high_price: "420003".to_string(),
            low_price: "4200".to_string(),
            base_volume: "1100000213".to_string(),
            quote_volume: "1231".to_string(),
        };
        let mock_resp = StreamEvent {
            stream: "btc@miniTicker".to_string(),
            data: StreamEventData::MiniTicker(mock_ticker),
        };

        // Mount the mock WebSocket server and send the mock response.
        WsMock::new()
            .forward_from_channel(mpsc_recv)
            .mount(&server)
            .await;
        mpsc_send
            .send(Message::Text(serde_json::to_string(&mock_resp).unwrap()))
            .await
            .unwrap();

        // Connect to the mock WebSocket server and retrieve the response.
        let mut connection = connector.connect().await.unwrap();
        let resp = connection.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(resp, Event::Stream(mock_resp));
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_recv_ping() {
        // Set up the mock server and the WebSocket connector.
        let server = setup_mock_server().await;
        let connector = WebSocketConnector::new(server.uri().await);
        let (mpsc_send, mpsc_recv) = mpsc::channel::<Message>(32);

        // Mount the mock WebSocket server and send a ping message.
        WsMock::new()
            .forward_from_channel(mpsc_recv)
            .mount(&server)
            .await;
        mpsc_send.send(Message::Ping(vec![])).await.unwrap();

        // Connect to the mock WebSocket server and retrieve the ping response.
        let mut connection = connector.connect().await.unwrap();
        let resp = connection.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(resp, Event::Ping);
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_recv_close() {
        // Set up the mock server and the WebSocket connector.
        let server = setup_mock_server().await;
        let connector = WebSocketConnector::new(server.uri().await);
        let (mpsc_send, mpsc_recv) = mpsc::channel::<Message>(32);

        // Mount the mock WebSocket server and send a close message.
        WsMock::new()
            .forward_from_channel(mpsc_recv)
            .mount(&server)
            .await;
        mpsc_send.send(Message::Close(None)).await.unwrap();

        // Connect to the mock WebSocket server and verify the connection closure.
        let mut connection = connector.connect().await.unwrap();
        let resp = connection.next().await;
        assert!(resp.is_none());
    }
}