use regex::Regex;
use std::sync::LazyLock;
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Finding {
pub label: String,
pub value: String,
pub detail: Option<String>,
pub source: Option<String>,
pub line_number: Option<usize>,
}
impl Finding {
fn new(label: &str, value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
Self {
label: label.to_string(),
value: value.into(),
detail: None,
source: None,
line_number: None,
}
}
fn detail(mut self, d: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
self.detail = Some(d.into());
self
}
fn source(mut self, s: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
self.source = Some(s.into());
self
}
}
pub fn analyze(log: &str) -> Vec<Finding> {
let original = split_lines(log);
let normalized: Vec<String> = original.iter().map(|l| normalize_line(l)).collect();
let norm_log = normalized.join("\n");
ALL_DETECTORS
.iter()
.filter_map(|d| (d.run)(&norm_log))
.map(|f| attach_evidence(f, &original, &normalized))
.collect()
}
fn split_lines(log: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
let mut out = Vec::new();
let bytes = log.as_bytes();
let mut start = 0usize;
let mut i = 0usize;
while i < bytes.len() {
match bytes[i] {
b'\n' => {
out.push(&log[start..i]);
i += 1;
start = i;
}
b'\r' => {
out.push(&log[start..i]);
i += if i + 1 < bytes.len() && bytes[i + 1] == b'\n' {
2
} else {
1
};
start = i;
}
_ => i += 1,
}
}
out.push(&log[start..]);
out
}
static RE_ANSI_CSI: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"\x1b\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]").unwrap());
static RE_LEADING_TS: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| {
Regex::new(
r"^\s*\[(?:\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}(?:\.\d+)?|\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}[ T]\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}(?:\.\d+)?(?:Z|[+-]\d{2}:?\d{2})?|\s*\d+\.\d+)\]\s*",
)
.unwrap()
});
fn normalize_line(line: &str) -> String {
let mut s = RE_ANSI_CSI.replace_all(line, "").into_owned();
for _ in 0..8 {
match RE_LEADING_TS.find(&s) {
Some(m) if m.end() > 0 => {
s = s[m.end()..].to_string();
}
_ => break,
}
}
s
}
fn attach_evidence(mut f: Finding, original: &[&str], normalized: &[String]) -> Finding {
let Some(src) = f.source.clone() else {
return f;
};
let needle = src.split('\n').next().unwrap_or(&src);
if needle.is_empty() {
return f;
}
if let Some(i) = normalized.iter().position(|l| l.contains(needle)) {
f.source = Some(original[i].to_string());
f.line_number = Some(i + 1);
}
f
}
pub fn detector_labels() -> Vec<&'static str> {
ALL_DETECTORS.iter().map(|d| d.label).collect()
}
pub const SAMPLE: &str = "U-Boot 2020.10 (Sep 17 2023 - 11:38:21 +0000)
Model: TP-Link Archer C7 v5
DRAM: 128 MiB
NAND: ONFI device found
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 3
[ 0.000000] Linux version 5.15.137 (builder@buildhost) (mips-openwrt-linux-musl-gcc (OpenWrt GCC 11.2.0 r19685-512e76967f), GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.37) #0 SMP Tue Nov 14 19:23:42 2023
[ 0.000000] CPU0 revision is: 00019374 (MIPS 74Kc)
[ 0.000000] Determined physical RAM map:
[ 0.000000] memory: 08000000 @ 00000000 (usable)
[ 1.234567] mtd: device 0 (boot)
[ 2.456789] eth0: PHY found at 0x00 (Atheros AR8327)
[ 3.123456] procd: - early -
[ 3.789012] procd: - init -
[ 4.012345] hotplug2: Bootup detected
[ 4.234567] dropbear[1234]: Not backgrounding
[ 4.345678] uhttpd[1235]: Listening on 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:443
[ 4.456789] dnsmasq[1236]: started, version 2.86 cachesize 150
[ 5.012345] DHCP client bound to address 192.168.1.42";
pub const CRITICAL_LABELS: &[&str] = &["Autoboot interruptable", "Telnet exposure"];
struct Detector {
label: &'static str,
run: fn(&str) -> Option<Finding>,
}
static ALL_DETECTORS: &[Detector] = &[
Detector {
label: "Bootloader",
run: run_bootloader,
},
Detector {
label: "Kernel",
run: run_kernel,
},
Detector {
label: "CPU / Arch",
run: run_cpu_arch,
},
Detector {
label: "Init system",
run: run_init_system,
},
Detector {
label: "Device family",
run: run_device_family,
},
Detector {
label: "Network",
run: run_network,
},
Detector {
label: "Web admin",
run: run_web_admin,
},
Detector {
label: "Telnet exposure",
run: run_telnet_exposure,
},
Detector {
label: "Autoboot interruptable",
run: run_autoboot_interruptable,
},
];
static RE_UBOOT: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?m)^U-Boot\s+(\S+(?:[-+][\w.+\-]+)?)\s+\(([^)]+)\)").unwrap());
static RE_COREBOOT: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?m)^coreboot-([\w.\-]+)").unwrap());
static RE_GRUB: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?m)^GRUB\s+(?:version\s+)?([\d.]+)").unwrap());
static RE_OPENSBI: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)OpenSBI\s+v?([\d.]+)").unwrap());
static RE_ESP_ROM: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)(rst:0x1\s+\(POWERON_RESET\)|esp_image:|chip is)").unwrap());
fn run_bootloader(log: &str) -> Option<Finding> {
if let Some(m) = RE_UBOOT.captures(log) {
let ver = m.get(1)?.as_str();
let build = m.get(2)?.as_str();
let source = m.get(0)?.as_str();
return Some(
Finding::new("Bootloader", format!("U-Boot {ver}"))
.detail(build)
.source(source),
);
}
if let Some(m) = RE_COREBOOT.captures(log) {
let ver = m.get(1)?.as_str();
let source = m.get(0)?.as_str();
return Some(Finding::new("Bootloader", format!("coreboot {ver}")).source(source));
}
if let Some(m) = RE_GRUB.captures(log) {
let ver = m.get(1)?.as_str();
let source = m.get(0)?.as_str();
return Some(Finding::new("Bootloader", format!("GRUB {ver}")).source(source));
}
if let Some(m) = RE_OPENSBI.captures(log) {
let ver = m.get(1)?.as_str();
let source = m.get(0)?.as_str();
return Some(Finding::new("Bootloader", format!("OpenSBI {ver}")).source(source));
}
if let Some(m) = RE_ESP_ROM.captures(log) {
let source = m.get(0)?.as_str();
return Some(
Finding::new("Bootloader", "Espressif ROM bootloader")
.detail("ESP8266/ESP32")
.source(source),
);
}
None
}
static RE_LINUX: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"Linux version\s+(\S+)\s+\([^)]+\)\s+\(([^)]+)\)").unwrap());
static RE_DARWIN: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"Darwin Kernel Version\s+([^:]+):").unwrap());
static RE_FREERTOS: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)FreeRTOS\s+(?:Kernel\s+)?V?([\d.]+)").unwrap());
static RE_ZEPHYR: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"\*\*\*\s+Booting Zephyr OS build\s+([\w.\-]+)").unwrap());
fn run_kernel(log: &str) -> Option<Finding> {
if let Some(m) = RE_LINUX.captures(log) {
let ver = m.get(1)?.as_str();
let toolchain = m.get(2)?.as_str();
let source_full = m.get(0)?.as_str();
let detail: String = toolchain.chars().take(80).collect();
let source: String = source_full.chars().take(200).collect();
return Some(
Finding::new("Kernel", format!("Linux {ver}"))
.detail(detail)
.source(source),
);
}
if let Some(m) = RE_DARWIN.captures(log) {
let ver = m.get(1)?.as_str().trim();
let source = m.get(0)?.as_str();
return Some(Finding::new("Kernel", format!("Darwin {ver}")).source(source));
}
if let Some(m) = RE_FREERTOS.captures(log) {
let ver = m.get(1)?.as_str();
let source = m.get(0)?.as_str();
return Some(Finding::new("Kernel", format!("FreeRTOS {ver}")).source(source));
}
if let Some(m) = RE_ZEPHYR.captures(log) {
let ver = m.get(1)?.as_str();
let source = m.get(0)?.as_str();
return Some(Finding::new("Kernel", format!("Zephyr {ver}")).source(source));
}
None
}
static RE_MIPS: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| {
Regex::new(r"(?i)CPU\s*\d?\s+revision is:\s+\w+\s+\((MIPS\s+[\w\-]+)\)").unwrap()
});
static RE_ARM64: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| {
Regex::new(r"(?i)Booting Linux on physical CPU.*aarch64|Linux version.*aarch64").unwrap()
});
static RE_ARMV7: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)CPU:\s+ARMv7|Linux version.*\barmv7l\b").unwrap());
static RE_RISCV: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)Linux version.*riscv|hart\s+\d+:\s+running").unwrap());
static RE_X86: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)Linux version.*x86_64").unwrap());
static RE_XTENSA: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)(xtensa|esp32|esp8266)").unwrap());
fn run_cpu_arch(log: &str) -> Option<Finding> {
if let Some(m) = RE_MIPS.captures(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("CPU / Arch", m.get(1)?.as_str().to_string()));
}
if RE_ARM64.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("CPU / Arch", "ARM64 (aarch64)"));
}
if RE_ARMV7.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("CPU / Arch", "ARMv7 (32-bit)"));
}
if RE_RISCV.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("CPU / Arch", "RISC-V"));
}
if RE_X86.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("CPU / Arch", "x86_64"));
}
if RE_XTENSA.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("CPU / Arch", "Xtensa (ESP)"));
}
None
}
static RE_PROCD_START: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?m)^procd:").unwrap());
static RE_PROCD_INIT: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"procd:\s+-\s+init").unwrap());
static RE_SYSTEMD: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?m)systemd\[1\]:|Welcome to \w+ Linux").unwrap());
static RE_SYSV: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)INIT:\s+version\s+([\d.]+)").unwrap());
static RE_BUSYBOX_INIT: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"BusyBox v[\d.]+\s+\([^)]+\)\s+built-in shell").unwrap());
static RE_RUNIT: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"runit:|runit-init").unwrap());
fn run_init_system(log: &str) -> Option<Finding> {
if RE_PROCD_START.is_match(log) || RE_PROCD_INIT.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("Init system", "procd").detail("OpenWrt-family"));
}
if RE_SYSTEMD.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("Init system", "systemd"));
}
if let Some(m) = RE_SYSV.captures(log) {
let ver = m.get(1)?.as_str();
return Some(Finding::new("Init system", format!("SysV init {ver}")));
}
if RE_BUSYBOX_INIT.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("Init system", "BusyBox init"));
}
if RE_RUNIT.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("Init system", "runit"));
}
None
}
static RE_OPENWRT: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)openwrt").unwrap());
static RE_OPENWRT_GCC: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)OpenWrt GCC[^)]*\d{4}-\w+").unwrap());
static RE_OPENWRT_R: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)OpenWrt\s+(r\d+[\-\w]+)").unwrap());
static RE_RPI: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)Raspberry\s*Pi|bcm27\d{2}|bcm28\d{2}").unwrap());
static RE_BUILDROOT: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)buildroot|br-\d{4}").unwrap());
static RE_YOCTO: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)yocto|poky-\w+").unwrap());
static RE_ESP_FAM: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)(esp32|esp8266|esp_image)").unwrap());
static RE_MEDIATEK: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)Mediatek|MT76\d{2}|MT79\d{2}").unwrap());
static RE_QUALCOMM: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)Qualcomm|IPQ\d{4}").unwrap());
static RE_ALLWINNER: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)(Allwinner|sunxi|H\d{1,3}\s+SoC)").unwrap());
fn run_device_family(log: &str) -> Option<Finding> {
if RE_OPENWRT.is_match(log) {
let detail = RE_OPENWRT_GCC
.find(log)
.or_else(|| RE_OPENWRT_R.find(log))
.map(|m| m.as_str().chars().take(80).collect::<String>());
let mut f = Finding::new("Device family", "OpenWrt");
if let Some(d) = detail {
f = f.detail(d);
}
return Some(f);
}
if RE_RPI.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("Device family", "Raspberry Pi family"));
}
if RE_BUILDROOT.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("Device family", "Buildroot"));
}
if RE_YOCTO.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("Device family", "Yocto / Poky"));
}
if RE_ESP_FAM.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("Device family", "Espressif (ESP)"));
}
if RE_MEDIATEK.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("Device family", "MediaTek SoC"));
}
if RE_QUALCOMM.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("Device family", "Qualcomm IPQ"));
}
if RE_ALLWINNER.is_match(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("Device family", "Allwinner sunxi"));
}
None
}
static RE_DHCP: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)DHCP\s+(?:client\s+)?bound to address\s+([\d.]+)").unwrap());
static RE_DNSMASQ: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)dnsmasq\[\d+\]:\s+started,\s+version\s+([\d.]+)").unwrap());
static RE_DROPBEAR: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)dropbear\[\d+\]").unwrap());
fn run_network(log: &str) -> Option<Finding> {
if let Some(m) = RE_DHCP.captures(log) {
let ip = m.get(1)?.as_str();
let source = m.get(0)?.as_str();
return Some(
Finding::new("Network", "DHCP client active")
.detail(format!("Lease: {ip}"))
.source(source),
);
}
if let Some(m) = RE_DNSMASQ.captures(log) {
let ver = m.get(1)?.as_str();
let source = m.get(0)?.as_str();
return Some(Finding::new("Network", format!("dnsmasq {ver} active")).source(source));
}
if let Some(m) = RE_DROPBEAR.find(log) {
return Some(Finding::new("Network", "Dropbear SSH started").source(m.as_str()));
}
None
}
static RE_UHTTPD: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)uhttpd\[\d+\]:\s+Listening on\s+([\d.:]+)").unwrap());
static RE_LIGHTTPD: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)lighttpd/([\d.]+)").unwrap());
static RE_NGINX: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?i)nginx/([\d.]+)").unwrap());
fn run_web_admin(log: &str) -> Option<Finding> {
if let Some(m) = RE_UHTTPD.captures(log) {
let listen = m.get(1)?.as_str();
let source = m.get(0)?.as_str();
return Some(
Finding::new("Web admin", "uhttpd active")
.detail(format!("Listen: {listen}"))
.source(source),
);
}
if let Some(m) = RE_LIGHTTPD.captures(log) {
let ver = m.get(1)?.as_str();
let source = m.get(0)?.as_str();
return Some(Finding::new("Web admin", format!("lighttpd {ver}")).source(source));
}
if let Some(m) = RE_NGINX.captures(log) {
let ver = m.get(1)?.as_str();
let source = m.get(0)?.as_str();
return Some(Finding::new("Web admin", format!("nginx {ver}")).source(source));
}
None
}
static RE_TELNET: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| {
Regex::new(r"(?i)telnetd?\[\d+\]?[^\n]*?(?:listening|started|on\s+\d)").unwrap()
});
fn run_telnet_exposure(log: &str) -> Option<Finding> {
if let Some(m) = RE_TELNET.find(log) {
return Some(
Finding::new("Telnet exposure", "Telnet service started")
.detail("Clear-text, review immediately")
.source(m.as_str()),
);
}
None
}
static RE_AUTOBOOT_ANY: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"Hit any key to stop autoboot:\s*[1-9]").unwrap());
static RE_AUTOBOOT_CAP: LazyLock<Regex> =
LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"Hit any key to stop autoboot:\s*\d+").unwrap());
fn run_autoboot_interruptable(log: &str) -> Option<Finding> {
if RE_AUTOBOOT_ANY.is_match(log) {
if let Some(m) = RE_AUTOBOOT_CAP.find(log) {
return Some(
Finding::new("Autoboot interruptable", "Yes")
.detail("U-Boot will accept any key during the countdown")
.source(m.as_str()),
);
}
}
None
}