block_compression 0.9.0

Texture block compression using WGPU compute shader
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
pub(crate) struct BlockCompressorBC15 {
    block: [f32; 64],
}

impl Default for BlockCompressorBC15 {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self { block: [0.0; 64] }
    }
}

impl BlockCompressorBC15 {
    pub(crate) fn load_block_interleaved_rgba(
        &mut self,
        rgba_data: &[u8],
        xx: usize,
        yy: usize,
        stride: usize,
    ) {
        for y in 0..4 {
            for x in 0..4 {
                let pixel_x = xx * 4 + x;
                let pixel_y = yy * 4 + y;

                let offset = pixel_y * stride + pixel_x * 4;

                let red = rgba_data[offset] as f32;
                let green = rgba_data[offset + 1] as f32;
                let blue = rgba_data[offset + 2] as f32;
                let alpha = rgba_data[offset + 3] as f32;

                self.block[y * 4 + x] = red;
                self.block[16 + y * 4 + x] = green;
                self.block[32 + y * 4 + x] = blue;
                self.block[48 + y * 4 + x] = alpha;
            }
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn load_block_r_8bit(
        &mut self,
        rgba_data: &[u8],
        xx: usize,
        yy: usize,
        stride: usize,
    ) {
        for y in 0..4 {
            for x in 0..4 {
                let pixel_x = xx * 4 + x;
                let pixel_y = yy * 4 + y;

                let offset = pixel_y * stride + pixel_x * 4;
                let red = rgba_data[offset] as f32;

                self.block[48 + y * 4 + x] = red;
            }
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn load_block_g_8bit(
        &mut self,
        rgba_data: &[u8],
        xx: usize,
        yy: usize,
        stride: usize,
    ) {
        for y in 0..4 {
            for x in 0..4 {
                let pixel_x = xx * 4 + x;
                let pixel_y = yy * 4 + y;

                let offset = pixel_y * stride + pixel_x * 4;
                let green = rgba_data[offset + 1] as f32;

                self.block[48 + y * 4 + x] = green;
            }
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn load_block_alpha_4bit(
        &mut self,
        rgba_data: &[u8],
        xx: usize,
        yy: usize,
        stride: usize,
    ) -> [u32; 2] {
        let mut alpha_bits = [0; 2];

        for y in 0..4 {
            for x in 0..4 {
                let pixel_x = xx * 4 + x;
                let pixel_y = yy * 4 + y;

                let offset = pixel_y * stride + pixel_x * 4;
                let alpha = rgba_data[offset + 3] as f32 / 255.0;

                // Convert alpha to 4 bits (0-15)
                let alpha4 = (alpha * 15.0) as u32;
                let bit_position = y * 16 + x * 4;

                if bit_position < 32 {
                    alpha_bits[0] |= alpha4 << bit_position;
                } else {
                    alpha_bits[1] |= alpha4 << (bit_position - 32);
                }
            }
        }

        alpha_bits
    }

    pub(crate) fn store_data(
        &self,
        blocks_buffer: &mut [u8],
        block_width: usize,
        xx: usize,
        yy: usize,
        data: &[u32],
    ) {
        let offset = (yy * block_width + xx) * (data.len() * 4);

        for (index, &value) in data.iter().enumerate() {
            let byte_offset = offset + index * 4;
            blocks_buffer[byte_offset] = value as u8;
            blocks_buffer[byte_offset + 1] = (value >> 8) as u8;
            blocks_buffer[byte_offset + 2] = (value >> 16) as u8;
            blocks_buffer[byte_offset + 3] = (value >> 24) as u8;
        }
    }

    fn compute_covar_dc(&self, covar: &mut [f32; 6], dc: &mut [f32; 3]) {
        for (p, value) in dc.iter_mut().enumerate() {
            let mut acc = 0.0;
            for k in 0..16 {
                acc += self.block[k + p * 16];
            }
            *value = acc / 16.0;
        }

        let mut covar0 = 0.0;
        let mut covar1 = 0.0;
        let mut covar2 = 0.0;
        let mut covar3 = 0.0;
        let mut covar4 = 0.0;
        let mut covar5 = 0.0;

        for k in 0..16 {
            let rgb0 = self.block[k] - dc[0];
            let rgb1 = self.block[k + 16] - dc[1];
            let rgb2 = self.block[k + 32] - dc[2];

            covar0 += rgb0 * rgb0;
            covar1 += rgb0 * rgb1;
            covar2 += rgb0 * rgb2;
            covar3 += rgb1 * rgb1;
            covar4 += rgb1 * rgb2;
            covar5 += rgb2 * rgb2;
        }

        covar[0] = covar0;
        covar[1] = covar1;
        covar[2] = covar2;
        covar[3] = covar3;
        covar[4] = covar4;
        covar[5] = covar5;
    }

    fn ssymv(result: &mut [f32; 3], covar: &[f32; 6], a_vector: &[f32; 3]) {
        result[0] = covar[0] * a_vector[0] + covar[1] * a_vector[1] + covar[2] * a_vector[2];
        result[1] = covar[1] * a_vector[0] + covar[3] * a_vector[1] + covar[4] * a_vector[2];
        result[2] = covar[2] * a_vector[0] + covar[4] * a_vector[1] + covar[5] * a_vector[2];
    }

    fn compute_axis3(axis: &mut [f32; 3], covar: &[f32; 6], power_iterations: i32) {
        let mut a_vector = [1.0; 3];

        for i in 0..power_iterations {
            Self::ssymv(axis, covar, &a_vector);

            a_vector.copy_from_slice(&axis[..]);

            if i % 2 == 1 {
                let mut norm_sq = 0.0;
                for value in axis.iter() {
                    norm_sq += value * value;
                }

                let rnorm = 1.0 / norm_sq.sqrt();

                for value in a_vector.iter_mut() {
                    *value *= rnorm;
                }
            }
        }

        axis.copy_from_slice(&a_vector);
    }

    fn pick_endpoints(&self, c0: &mut [f32; 3], c1: &mut [f32; 3], axis: &[f32; 3], dc: &[f32; 3]) {
        let mut min_dot: f32 = 256.0 * 256.0;
        let mut max_dot: f32 = 0.0;

        for y in 0..4 {
            for x in 0..4 {
                let mut dot = 0.0;
                for p in 0..3 {
                    dot += (self.block[p * 16 + y * 4 + x] - dc[p]) * axis[p];
                }

                min_dot = f32::min(min_dot, dot);
                max_dot = f32::max(max_dot, dot);
            }
        }

        if max_dot - min_dot < 1.0 {
            min_dot -= 0.5;
            max_dot += 0.5;
        }

        let mut norm_sq = 0.0;
        for value in axis.iter() {
            norm_sq += *value * *value;
        }

        let rnorm_sq = norm_sq.recip();
        for p in 0..3 {
            c0[p] = f32::clamp(dc[p] + min_dot * rnorm_sq * axis[p], 0.0, 255.0);
            c1[p] = f32::clamp(dc[p] + max_dot * rnorm_sq * axis[p], 0.0, 255.0);
        }
    }

    fn dec_rgb565(c: &mut [f32; 3], p: i32) {
        let b5 = p & 31;
        let g6 = (p >> 5) & 63;
        let r5 = (p >> 11) & 31;

        c[0] = ((r5 << 3) + (r5 >> 2)) as f32;
        c[1] = ((g6 << 2) + (g6 >> 4)) as f32;
        c[2] = ((b5 << 3) + (b5 >> 2)) as f32;
    }

    fn enc_rgb565(c: &[f32; 3]) -> i32 {
        let r = c[0] as i32;
        let g = c[1] as i32;
        let b = c[2] as i32;

        let r5 = (r * 31 + 128 + ((r * 31) >> 8)) >> 8;
        let g6 = (g * 63 + 128 + ((g * 63) >> 8)) >> 8;
        let b5 = (b * 31 + 128 + ((b * 31) >> 8)) >> 8;

        (r5 << 11) + (g6 << 5) + b5
    }

    fn fast_quant(&self, p0: i32, p1: i32) -> u32 {
        let mut c0 = [0.0; 3];
        let mut c1 = [0.0; 3];
        Self::dec_rgb565(&mut c0, p0);
        Self::dec_rgb565(&mut c1, p1);

        let mut dir = [0.0; 3];
        for p in 0..3 {
            dir[p] = c1[p] - c0[p];
        }

        let mut sq_norm = 0.0;
        for value in dir.iter() {
            sq_norm += value.powi(2);
        }

        let rsq_norm = sq_norm.recip();

        for value in dir.iter_mut() {
            *value *= rsq_norm * 3.0;
        }

        let mut bias = 0.5;
        for p in 0..3 {
            bias -= c0[p] * dir[p];
        }

        let mut bits = 0;
        let mut scaler = 1;
        for k in 0..16 {
            let mut dot = 0.0;
            for (p, value) in dir.iter().enumerate() {
                dot += self.block[k + p * 16] * value;
            }

            let q = i32::clamp((dot + bias) as i32, 0, 3);
            bits += q as u32 * scaler;
            scaler = scaler.wrapping_mul(4);
        }

        bits
    }

    fn bc1_refine(&self, pe: &mut [i32; 2], bits: u32, dc: &[f32; 3]) {
        let mut c0 = [0.0; 3];
        let mut c1 = [0.0; 3];

        if (bits ^ (bits.wrapping_mul(4))) < 4 {
            c0.copy_from_slice(&dc[..]);
            c1.copy_from_slice(&dc[..]);
        } else {
            let mut atb1 = [0.0; 3];
            let mut sum_q = 0.0;
            let mut sum_qq = 0.0;
            let mut shifted_bits = bits;

            for k in 0..16 {
                let q = (shifted_bits & 3) as f32;
                shifted_bits >>= 2;

                let x = 3.0 - q;

                sum_q += q;
                sum_qq += q * q;

                for (p, value) in atb1.iter_mut().enumerate() {
                    *value += x * self.block[k + p * 16];
                }
            }

            let mut sum = [0.0; 3];
            let mut atb2 = [0.0; 3];

            for p in 0..3 {
                sum[p] = dc[p] * 16.0;
                atb2[p] = 3.0 * sum[p] - atb1[p];
            }

            let cxx = 16.0 * 9.0 - 2.0 * 3.0 * sum_q + sum_qq;
            let cyy = sum_qq;
            let cxy = 3.0 * sum_q - sum_qq;
            let scale = 3.0 * (cxx * cyy - cxy * cxy).recip();

            for p in 0..3 {
                c0[p] = (atb1[p] * cyy - atb2[p] * cxy) * scale;
                c1[p] = (atb2[p] * cxx - atb1[p] * cxy) * scale;

                c0[p] = f32::clamp(c0[p], 0.0, 255.0);
                c1[p] = f32::clamp(c1[p], 0.0, 255.0);
            }
        }

        pe[0] = Self::enc_rgb565(&c0);
        pe[1] = Self::enc_rgb565(&c1);
    }

    fn fix_qbits(qbits: u32) -> u32 {
        const MASK_01B: u32 = 0x55555555;
        const MASK_10B: u32 = 0xAAAAAAAA;

        let qbits0 = qbits & MASK_01B;
        let qbits1 = qbits & MASK_10B;

        (qbits1 >> 1) + (qbits1 ^ (qbits0 << 1))
    }

    pub(crate) fn compress_block_bc1_core(&self) -> [u32; 2] {
        let power_iterations = 4;
        let refine_iterations = 1;

        let mut covar = [0.0; 6];
        let mut dc = [0.0; 3];
        self.compute_covar_dc(&mut covar, &mut dc);

        const EPS: f32 = f32::EPSILON;
        covar[0] += EPS;
        covar[3] += EPS;
        covar[5] += EPS;

        let mut axis = [0.0; 3];
        Self::compute_axis3(&mut axis, &covar, power_iterations);

        let mut c0 = [0.0; 3];
        let mut c1 = [0.0; 3];
        self.pick_endpoints(&mut c0, &mut c1, &axis, &dc);

        let mut p = [0; 2];
        p[0] = Self::enc_rgb565(&c0);
        p[1] = Self::enc_rgb565(&c1);
        if p[0] < p[1] {
            p.swap(0, 1);
        }

        let mut data = [0; 2];
        data[0] = ((p[1] as u32) << 16) | p[0] as u32;
        data[1] = self.fast_quant(p[0], p[1]);

        for _ in 0..refine_iterations {
            self.bc1_refine(&mut p, data[1], &dc);
            if p[0] < p[1] {
                p.swap(0, 1);
            }
            data[0] = ((p[1] as u32) << 16) | p[0] as u32;
            data[1] = self.fast_quant(p[0], p[1]);
        }

        data[1] = Self::fix_qbits(data[1]);

        data
    }

    pub(crate) fn compress_block_bc3_alpha(&self) -> [u32; 2] {
        let mut ep = [255.0, 0.0];

        // Find min/max endpoints using block[48] to block[63] for alpha
        for k in 0..16 {
            ep[0] = f32::min(ep[0], self.block[48 + k]);
            ep[1] = f32::max(ep[1], self.block[48 + k]);
        }

        // Prevent division by zero
        if ep[0] == ep[1] {
            ep[1] = ep[0] + 0.1;
        }

        let mut qblock = [0; 2];
        let scale = 7.0 / (ep[1] - ep[0]);

        for k in 0..16 {
            let v = self.block[48 + k];
            let proj = (v - ep[0]) * scale + 0.5;

            let mut q = i32::clamp(proj as i32, 0, 7);
            q = 7 - q;

            if q > 0 {
                q += 1;
            }
            if q == 8 {
                q = 1;
            }

            qblock[k / 8] |= (q as u32) << ((k % 8) * 3);
        }

        let mut data = [0; 2];
        data[0] = (u32::clamp(ep[0] as u32, 0, 255) << 8) | u32::clamp(ep[1] as u32, 0, 255);
        data[0] |= qblock[0] << 16;
        data[1] = qblock[0] >> 16;
        data[1] |= qblock[1] << 8;

        data
    }
}