// Rust Bitcoin Library
// Written in 2014 by
// Andrew Poelstra <apoelstra@wpsoftware.net>
//
// To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all
// copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to
// the public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without
// any warranty.
//
// You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication
// along with this software.
// If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
//
//! # Bitcoin Block
//!
//! A block is a bundle of transactions with a proof-of-work attached,
//! which attaches to an earlier block to form the blockchain. This
//! module describes structures and functions needed to describe
//! these blocks and the blockchain.
//!
use num::{FromPrimitive, Zero};
use util;
use util::Error::{SpvBadTarget, SpvBadProofOfWork};
use util::hash::Sha256dHash;
use util::uint::Uint256;
use network::encodable::VarInt;
use network::serialize::BitcoinHash;
use blockdata::transaction::Transaction;
/// A block header, which contains all the block's information except
/// the actual transactions
#[derive(Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug)]
pub struct BlockHeader {
/// The protocol version. Should always be 1.
pub version: u32,
/// Reference to the previous block in the chain
pub prev_blockhash: Sha256dHash,
/// The root hash of the merkle tree of transactions in the block
pub merkle_root: Sha256dHash,
/// The timestamp of the block, as claimed by the mainer
pub time: u32,
/// The target value below which the blockhash must lie, encoded as a
/// a float (with well-defined rounding, of course)
pub bits: u32,
/// The nonce, selected to obtain a low enough blockhash
pub nonce: u32,
}
/// A Bitcoin block, which is a collection of transactions with an attached
/// proof of work.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug)]
pub struct Block {
/// The block header
pub header: BlockHeader,
/// List of transactions contained in the block
pub txdata: Vec<Transaction>
}
/// A block header with txcount attached, which is given in the `headers`
/// network message.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug)]
pub struct LoneBlockHeader {
/// The actual block header
pub header: BlockHeader,
/// The number of transactions in the block. This will always be zero
/// when the LoneBlockHeader is returned as part ef a `headers` message.
pub tx_count: VarInt
}
impl BlockHeader {
/// Computes the target [0, T] that a blockhash must land in to be valid
pub fn target(&self) -> Uint256 {
// This is a floating-point "compact" encoding originally used by
// OpenSSL, which satoshi put into consensus code, so we're stuck
// with it. The exponent needs to have 3 subtracted from it, hence
// this goofy decoding code:
let (mant, expt) = {
let unshifted_expt = self.bits >> 24;
if unshifted_expt <= 3 {
((self.bits & 0xFFFFFF) >> (8 * (3 - unshifted_expt as usize)), 0)
} else {
(self.bits & 0xFFFFFF, 8 * ((self.bits >> 24) - 3))
}
};
// The mantissa is signed but may not be negative
if mant > 0x7FFFFF {
Zero::zero()
} else {
<Uint256 as FromPrimitive>::from_u64(mant as u64).unwrap() << (expt as usize)
}
}
/// Performs an SPV validation of a block, which confirms that the proof-of-work
/// is correct, but does not verify that the transactions are valid or encoded
/// correctly.
pub fn spv_validate(&self, required_target: &Uint256) -> Result<(), util::Error> {
let target = &self.target();
if target != required_target {
return Err(SpvBadTarget);
}
let hash = &self.bitcoin_hash().into_le();
if hash <= target { Ok(()) } else { Err(SpvBadProofOfWork) }
}
/// Returns the total work of the block
pub fn work(&self) -> Uint256 {
// 2**256 / (target + 1) == ~target / (target+1) + 1 (eqn shamelessly stolen from bitcoind)
let mut ret = !self.target();
let mut ret1 = self.target();
ret1.increment();
ret = ret / ret1;
ret.increment();
ret
}
}
impl BitcoinHash for BlockHeader {
fn bitcoin_hash(&self) -> Sha256dHash {
use network::serialize::serialize;
Sha256dHash::from_data(&serialize(self).unwrap())
}
}
impl BitcoinHash for Block {
fn bitcoin_hash(&self) -> Sha256dHash {
self.header.bitcoin_hash()
}
}
impl_consensus_encoding!(BlockHeader, version, prev_blockhash, merkle_root, time, bits, nonce);
impl_consensus_encoding!(Block, header, txdata);
impl_consensus_encoding!(LoneBlockHeader, header, tx_count);
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use serialize::hex::FromHex;
use blockdata::block::Block;
use network::serialize::{deserialize, serialize};
#[test]
fn block_test() {
let some_block = "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".from_hex().unwrap();
let cutoff_block = "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".from_hex().unwrap();
let prevhash = "4ddccd549d28f385ab457e98d1b11ce80bfea2c5ab93015ade4973e400000000".from_hex().unwrap();
let merkle = "bf4473e53794beae34e64fccc471dace6ae544180816f89591894e0f417a914c".from_hex().unwrap();
let decode: Result<Block, _> = deserialize(&some_block);
let bad_decode: Result<Block, _> = deserialize(&cutoff_block);
assert!(decode.is_ok());
assert!(bad_decode.is_err());
let real_decode = decode.unwrap();
assert_eq!(real_decode.header.version, 1);
assert_eq!(serialize(&real_decode.header.prev_blockhash).ok(), Some(prevhash));
// [test] TODO: actually compute the merkle root
assert_eq!(serialize(&real_decode.header.merkle_root).ok(), Some(merkle));
assert_eq!(real_decode.header.time, 1231965655);
assert_eq!(real_decode.header.bits, 486604799);
assert_eq!(real_decode.header.nonce, 2067413810);
// [test] TODO: check the transaction data
assert_eq!(serialize(&real_decode).ok(), Some(some_block));
}
}