better-duck-core 0.1.0-beta.3

//! DuckDB table functions: functions used in a `FROM` clause that produce rows
//! and columns, e.g. `SELECT * FROM my_func(1, 2)`.

mod function;
mod row;

use std::ffi::CString;

use crate::{
    connection::Connection,
    error::Result,
    ffi::{duckdb_bind_info, duckdb_data_chunk, duckdb_function_info, duckdb_init_info},
};

use self::function::TableFunction;
pub use self::function::{BindInfo, InitInfo, TableFunctionInfo};
pub use self::row::{run_table_func, TableInitData, TableRow};
use super::{callback::contain_callback, data_chunk::DataChunkHandle, logical_type::LogicalType};

/// A DuckDB table function: produces rows and columns for use in a `FROM`
/// clause, e.g. `SELECT * FROM my_func(1, 2)`.
///
/// See the callback containment contract in [`crate::udf`].
pub trait VTab: Sized {
    /// Data produced once by [`VTab::bind`] and shared, read-only, by every
    /// later call to [`VTab::init`] and [`VTab::func`] for this query.
    type BindData: Send + Sync;

    /// Data produced once by [`VTab::init`], shared across every worker thread
    /// executing this query. Any interior mutation must be synchronized.
    type InitData: Send + Sync;

    /// The positional parameter types this function accepts, in order. Empty by
    /// default (no positional parameters).
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if a parameter's logical type cannot be built.
    fn parameters() -> Result<Vec<LogicalType>> {
        Ok(Vec::new())
    }

    /// Determines the function's output schema (via
    /// [`BindInfo::add_result_column`]) and produces the data shared by every
    /// later call for this query.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error to fail the query with that message.
    fn bind(bind: &BindInfo) -> super::UdfResult<Self::BindData>;

    /// Produces data shared across every worker thread executing this query,
    /// e.g. the initial position of a cursor.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error to fail the query with that message.
    fn init(init: &InitInfo<Self>) -> super::UdfResult<Self::InitData>;

    /// Writes up to `output.capacity()` rows into `output`, then calls
    /// `output.set_len(k)` with the number actually written. Called repeatedly
    /// until `set_len(0)` (or `output.len() == 0` on entry, if untouched) signals
    /// the scan is complete.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error to fail the query with that message.
    fn func(
        func: &TableFunctionInfo<Self>,
        output: &mut DataChunkHandle,
    ) -> super::UdfResult<()>;
}

/// The C trampoline installed via `duckdb_table_function_set_bind`.
///
/// See [`scalar_trampoline`](super::scalar) for why containment must be the
/// outermost thing here.
unsafe extern "C" fn table_bind_trampoline<T: VTab>(info: duckdb_bind_info) {
    let bind = BindInfo::from(info);
    contain_callback(&bind, || {
        let data = T::bind(&bind)?;
        bind.set_bind_data(data);
        Ok(())
    });
}

/// The C trampoline installed via `duckdb_table_function_set_init`.
unsafe extern "C" fn table_init_trampoline<T: VTab>(info: duckdb_init_info) {
    let init = InitInfo::<T>::from(info);
    contain_callback(&init, || {
        let data = T::init(&init)?;
        init.set_init_data(data);
        Ok(())
    });
}

/// The C trampoline installed via `duckdb_table_function_set_function`.
unsafe extern "C" fn table_func_trampoline<T: VTab>(
    info: duckdb_function_info,
    output: duckdb_data_chunk,
) {
    let func = TableFunctionInfo::<T>::from(info);
    contain_callback(&func, || {
        // SAFETY: DuckDB owns `output` and guarantees it stays live and
        // unmutated by other code for the duration of this call.
        let mut chunk = unsafe { DataChunkHandle::borrowed(output) };
        T::func(&func, &mut chunk)
    });
}

impl Connection {
    /// Registers `T` as a table function named `name`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if `name` contains a NUL byte, a parameter's logical
    /// type cannot be built, or DuckDB rejects the registration (e.g. a name
    /// conflict).
    pub fn register_table_function<T: VTab>(
        &mut self,
        name: &str,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let c_name = CString::new(name)?;
        let f = TableFunction::new(&c_name);
        for param in T::parameters()? {
            f.add_parameter(&param);
        }
        f.set_bind(Some(table_bind_trampoline::<T>));
        f.set_init(Some(table_init_trampoline::<T>));
        f.set_function(Some(table_func_trampoline::<T>));
        f.register(self.raw_con(), name)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::connection::Connection;
    use crate::types::value::DuckValue;

    /// `series(start, stop)`: the integers in `[start, stop)`, one per row,
    /// exercising `bind` (result schema + cardinality), `init` (cursor state
    /// shared across the scan), and chunked `func` output.
    struct Series;

    struct SeriesBind {
        start: i64,
        stop: i64,
    }

    struct SeriesInit {
        next: std::sync::atomic::AtomicI64,
    }

    impl VTab for Series {
        type BindData = SeriesBind;
        type InitData = SeriesInit;

        fn parameters() -> Result<Vec<LogicalType>> {
            Ok(vec![LogicalType::of::<i64>()?, LogicalType::of::<i64>()?])
        }

        fn bind(bind: &BindInfo) -> super::super::UdfResult<Self::BindData> {
            bind.add_result_column("n", &LogicalType::of::<i64>()?)?;
            let start: i64 = bind.get_parameter(0)?;
            let stop: i64 = bind.get_parameter(1)?;
            bind.set_cardinality((stop - start).max(0) as u64, true);
            Ok(SeriesBind { start, stop })
        }

        fn init(init: &InitInfo<Self>) -> super::super::UdfResult<Self::InitData> {
            Ok(SeriesInit { next: std::sync::atomic::AtomicI64::new(init.bind_data().start) })
        }

        fn func(
            func: &TableFunctionInfo<Self>,
            output: &mut DataChunkHandle,
        ) -> super::super::UdfResult<()> {
            let stop = func.bind_data().stop;
            let init = func.init_data();
            let cap = output.capacity();
            let mut written = 0usize;
            {
                let mut col = output.vector_mut(0)?;
                while written < cap {
                    let n = init.next.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
                    if n >= stop {
                        init.next.fetch_sub(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
                        break;
                    }
                    col.set(written, n)?;
                    written += 1;
                }
            }
            output.set_len(written)?;
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn register_and_scan_table_function() {
        let mut conn = Connection::open_in_memory().unwrap();
        conn.register_table_function::<Series>("series").unwrap();
        let result = conn.execute("SELECT n FROM series(1, 6) ORDER BY n").unwrap();
        let rows: Vec<_> = result.collect::<Result<_>>().unwrap();
        let got: Vec<i64> = rows
            .iter()
            .map(|r| match r.get("n").unwrap() {
                DuckValue::BigInt(n) => *n,
                other => panic!("expected BigInt, got {other:?}"),
            })
            .collect();
        assert_eq!(got, vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn aggregate_over_table_function_matches_expected_sum() {
        let mut conn = Connection::open_in_memory().unwrap();
        conn.register_table_function::<Series>("series").unwrap();
        let mut result = conn.execute("SELECT sum(n) AS total FROM series(1, 101)").unwrap();
        let row = result.next().unwrap().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(row.get("total"), Some(&DuckValue::HugeInt(5050)));
    }

    /// A large enough range to force multiple chunks through `func`, proving the
    /// cursor state in `InitData` survives across repeated calls.
    #[test]
    fn scan_spanning_multiple_chunks() {
        let mut conn = Connection::open_in_memory().unwrap();
        conn.register_table_function::<Series>("series").unwrap();
        let result = conn.execute("SELECT count(*) AS n FROM series(0, 10000)").unwrap();
        let rows: Vec<_> = result.collect::<Result<_>>().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(rows[0].get("n"), Some(&DuckValue::BigInt(10000)));
    }

    /// A `VTab` whose `bind` always errors, verifying it surfaces as a normal
    /// query error and the connection stays usable afterward.
    struct AlwaysFailsBind;
    impl VTab for AlwaysFailsBind {
        type BindData = ();
        type InitData = ();

        fn bind(_bind: &BindInfo) -> super::super::UdfResult<Self::BindData> {
            Err("deliberate bind failure".into())
        }

        fn init(_init: &InitInfo<Self>) -> super::super::UdfResult<Self::InitData> {
            Ok(())
        }

        fn func(
            _func: &TableFunctionInfo<Self>,
            output: &mut DataChunkHandle,
        ) -> super::super::UdfResult<()> {
            output.set_len(0)?;
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn bind_error_surfaces_as_query_error_and_connection_stays_usable() {
        let mut conn = Connection::open_in_memory().unwrap();
        conn.register_table_function::<AlwaysFailsBind>("always_fails_bind").unwrap();
        let err = match conn.execute("SELECT * FROM always_fails_bind()") {
            Ok(_) => panic!("expected an error"),
            Err(e) => e,
        };
        assert!(err.to_string().contains("deliberate bind failure"), "{err}");
        conn.execute_batch("CREATE TABLE t (v INTEGER)").unwrap();
    }
}