aver-lang 0.18.0

VM and transpiler for Aver, a statically-typed language designed for AI-assisted development
Documentation
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/// Aver static type representation and built-in type namespaces.
///
/// Type annotations in the AST are plain strings; this module converts them
/// to a structured enum and provides the compatibility relation used by
/// the type checker.
///
/// Sub-modules:
/// - `checker` — static type checker
/// - `bool`, `int`, `float`, `string`, `list`, `map`, `char`, `byte` — pure namespace helpers (no effects)
pub mod bool;
pub mod branch_path;
pub mod byte;
pub mod char;
pub mod checker;
pub mod effect_event;
pub mod float;
pub mod int;
#[cfg(feature = "runtime")]
pub mod list;
#[cfg(feature = "runtime")]
pub mod map;
pub mod option;
pub mod result;
#[cfg(feature = "runtime")]
pub mod string;
pub mod trace;
#[cfg(feature = "runtime")]
pub mod vector;

// `Type` lives in `crate::ast::types` so that `Spanned<T>` can carry an
// optional `Type` annotation without a cycle through `crate::types`. This
// re-export preserves the historical `crate::types::Type` path.
pub use crate::ast::Type;

/// Parse a type annotation string strictly.
/// Returns `Err(unknown_name)` if the string is a non-empty identifier
/// that does not map to a known type (i.e. a likely typo).
/// Generic forms (`Result<...>`, `Option<...>`, `List<...>`) with valid inner types are accepted.
pub fn parse_type_str_strict(s: &str) -> Result<Type, String> {
    let s = s.trim();
    if s.is_empty() || s == "Any" {
        return Err(s.to_string());
    }
    if let Some(fn_ty) = parse_fn_type_strict(s)? {
        return Ok(fn_ty);
    }

    // Paren-tuple types (`(A, B)`) were removed — `Tuple<A, B>` is
    // the only spelling for tuple types now. Paren `(a, b)` stays as
    // the tuple value literal in expression position.
    if s.starts_with('(') && s.ends_with(')') {
        return Err(s.to_string());
    }

    match s {
        "Int" => Ok(Type::Int),
        "Float" => Ok(Type::Float),
        "String" | "Str" => Ok(Type::Str),
        "Bool" => Ok(Type::Bool),
        "Unit" => Ok(Type::Unit),
        _ => {
            if let Some(inner) = strip_wrapper(s, "Result<", ">") {
                if let Some((ok_s, err_s)) = split_top_level_comma(inner) {
                    let ok_ty = parse_type_str_strict(ok_s)?;
                    let err_ty = parse_type_str_strict(err_s)?;
                    return Ok(Type::Result(Box::new(ok_ty), Box::new(err_ty)));
                }
                return Err(s.to_string());
            }
            if let Some(inner) = strip_wrapper(s, "Option<", ">") {
                let inner_ty = parse_type_str_strict(inner)?;
                return Ok(Type::Option(Box::new(inner_ty)));
            }
            if let Some(inner) = strip_wrapper(s, "List<", ">") {
                let inner_ty = parse_type_str_strict(inner)?;
                return Ok(Type::List(Box::new(inner_ty)));
            }
            if let Some(inner) = strip_wrapper(s, "Map<", ">") {
                if let Some((key_s, value_s)) = split_top_level_comma(inner) {
                    let key_ty = parse_type_str_strict(key_s)?;
                    if matches!(key_ty, Type::Fn(..) | Type::Unit) {
                        return Err(s.to_string());
                    }
                    let value_ty = parse_type_str_strict(value_s)?;
                    return Ok(Type::Map(Box::new(key_ty), Box::new(value_ty)));
                }
                return Err(s.to_string());
            }
            if let Some(inner) = strip_wrapper(s, "Vector<", ">") {
                let inner_ty = parse_type_str_strict(inner)?;
                return Ok(Type::Vector(Box::new(inner_ty)));
            }
            if let Some(inner) = strip_wrapper(s, "Tuple<", ">") {
                let parts = split_top_level(inner, ',')?;
                if parts.len() < 2 {
                    return Err(s.to_string());
                }
                let elems = parts
                    .into_iter()
                    .map(parse_type_str_strict)
                    .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
                return Ok(Type::Tuple(elems));
            }

            // Capitalized identifier with only alphanumeric/_ and dot chars = user-defined type name
            // Supports dotted names like "Tcp.Connection"
            if s.chars().next().is_some_and(|c| c.is_uppercase())
                && s.chars()
                    .all(|c| c.is_alphanumeric() || c == '_' || c == '.')
            {
                return Ok(Type::Named(s.to_string()));
            }

            Err(s.to_string())
        }
    }
}

/// Parse an Aver type annotation string into a `Type`.
/// Returns `Type::Invalid` for malformed or unknown type strings (internal recovery).
/// Prefer `parse_type_str_strict` for user-facing type annotations.
pub fn parse_type_str(s: &str) -> Type {
    let s = s.trim();
    if s.starts_with("Fn(") {
        if let Ok(Some(fn_ty)) = parse_fn_type_strict(s) {
            return fn_ty;
        }
        return Type::Invalid;
    }
    // Paren-tuple types removed; `(...)` in type position is invalid.
    if s.starts_with('(') && s.ends_with(')') {
        return Type::Invalid;
    }
    match s {
        "Int" => Type::Int,
        "Float" => Type::Float,
        "String" | "Str" => Type::Str,
        "Bool" => Type::Bool,
        "Unit" => Type::Unit,
        "" => Type::Invalid,
        _ => {
            // Try generic forms: Result<A, B>, Option<A>, List<A>
            if let Some(inner) = strip_wrapper(s, "Result<", ">") {
                // Split on the first top-level comma
                if let Some((ok_str, err_str)) = split_top_level_comma(inner) {
                    return Type::Result(
                        Box::new(parse_type_str(ok_str)),
                        Box::new(parse_type_str(err_str)),
                    );
                }
            }
            if let Some(inner) = strip_wrapper(s, "Option<", ">") {
                return Type::Option(Box::new(parse_type_str(inner)));
            }
            if let Some(inner) = strip_wrapper(s, "List<", ">") {
                return Type::List(Box::new(parse_type_str(inner)));
            }
            if let Some(inner) = strip_wrapper(s, "Map<", ">")
                && let Some((key_str, value_str)) = split_top_level_comma(inner)
            {
                return Type::Map(
                    Box::new(parse_type_str(key_str)),
                    Box::new(parse_type_str(value_str)),
                );
            }
            if let Some(inner) = strip_wrapper(s, "Vector<", ">") {
                return Type::Vector(Box::new(parse_type_str(inner)));
            }
            if let Some(inner) = strip_wrapper(s, "Tuple<", ">")
                && let Ok(parts) = split_top_level(inner, ',')
                && parts.len() >= 2
            {
                return Type::Tuple(parts.into_iter().map(parse_type_str).collect());
            }
            // Capitalized identifier with only alphanumeric/_ and dot chars = user-defined type
            // Supports dotted names like "Tcp.Connection"
            if s.chars().next().is_some_and(|c| c.is_uppercase())
                && s.chars()
                    .all(|c| c.is_alphanumeric() || c == '_' || c == '.')
                && s != "Any"
            {
                return Type::Named(s.to_string());
            }
            // Invalid — internal recovery fallback
            Type::Invalid
        }
    }
}

fn parse_fn_type_strict(s: &str) -> Result<Option<Type>, String> {
    if !s.starts_with("Fn(") {
        return Ok(None);
    }

    let close_idx = find_matching_paren(s, 2).ok_or_else(|| s.to_string())?;
    let params_src = &s[3..close_idx];

    let after_params = s[close_idx + 1..].trim_start();
    if !after_params.starts_with("->") {
        return Err(s.to_string());
    }
    let ret_and_effects = after_params[2..].trim();
    if ret_and_effects.is_empty() {
        return Err(s.to_string());
    }

    let (ret_src, effects) = split_fn_effects_suffix(ret_and_effects)?;
    let ret_ty = parse_type_str_strict(ret_src)?;
    let params = parse_type_list_strict(params_src)?;
    Ok(Some(Type::Fn(params, Box::new(ret_ty), effects)))
}

fn parse_type_list_strict(src: &str) -> Result<Vec<Type>, String> {
    if src.trim().is_empty() {
        return Ok(vec![]);
    }
    split_top_level(src, ',')?
        .into_iter()
        .map(|part| {
            let part = part.trim();
            if part.is_empty() {
                Err(src.to_string())
            } else {
                parse_type_str_strict(part)
            }
        })
        .collect()
}

fn split_fn_effects_suffix(src: &str) -> Result<(&str, Vec<String>), String> {
    if let Some(bang_idx) = find_top_level_bang(src) {
        let ret_src = src[..bang_idx].trim();
        if ret_src.is_empty() {
            return Err(src.to_string());
        }
        let effects_src = src[bang_idx + 1..].trim();
        if !(effects_src.starts_with('[') && effects_src.ends_with(']')) {
            return Err(src.to_string());
        }
        let inner = &effects_src[1..effects_src.len() - 1];
        let effects = if inner.trim().is_empty() {
            vec![]
        } else {
            split_top_level(inner, ',')?
                .into_iter()
                .map(|part| {
                    let name = part.trim();
                    if name.is_empty() {
                        Err(src.to_string())
                    } else {
                        Ok(name.to_string())
                    }
                })
                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?
        };
        Ok((ret_src, effects))
    } else {
        Ok((src.trim(), vec![]))
    }
}

fn find_matching_paren(s: &str, open_idx: usize) -> Option<usize> {
    if s.as_bytes().get(open_idx).copied() != Some(b'(') {
        return None;
    }
    let mut depth = 1usize;
    for (i, ch) in s.char_indices().skip(open_idx + 1) {
        match ch {
            '(' => depth += 1,
            ')' => {
                depth -= 1;
                if depth == 0 {
                    return Some(i);
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    None
}

fn find_top_level_bang(s: &str) -> Option<usize> {
    let mut angle = 0usize;
    let mut paren = 0usize;
    let mut bracket = 0usize;

    for (i, ch) in s.char_indices() {
        match ch {
            '<' => angle += 1,
            '>' => angle = angle.saturating_sub(1),
            '(' => paren += 1,
            ')' => paren = paren.saturating_sub(1),
            '[' => bracket += 1,
            ']' => bracket = bracket.saturating_sub(1),
            '!' if angle == 0 && paren == 0 && bracket == 0 => return Some(i),
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    None
}

fn split_top_level(s: &str, delimiter: char) -> Result<Vec<&str>, String> {
    let mut out = Vec::new();
    let mut start = 0usize;
    let mut angle = 0usize;
    let mut paren = 0usize;
    let mut bracket = 0usize;

    for (i, ch) in s.char_indices() {
        match ch {
            '<' => angle += 1,
            '>' => {
                if angle == 0 {
                    return Err(s.to_string());
                }
                angle -= 1;
            }
            '(' => paren += 1,
            ')' => {
                if paren == 0 {
                    return Err(s.to_string());
                }
                paren -= 1;
            }
            '[' => bracket += 1,
            ']' => {
                if bracket == 0 {
                    return Err(s.to_string());
                }
                bracket -= 1;
            }
            _ if ch == delimiter && angle == 0 && paren == 0 && bracket == 0 => {
                out.push(&s[start..i]);
                start = i + ch.len_utf8();
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    if angle != 0 || paren != 0 || bracket != 0 {
        return Err(s.to_string());
    }
    out.push(&s[start..]);
    Ok(out)
}

/// If `s` starts with `prefix` and ends with `suffix`, return the middle part.
fn strip_wrapper<'a>(s: &'a str, prefix: &str, suffix: &str) -> Option<&'a str> {
    if s.starts_with(prefix) && s.ends_with(suffix) {
        let inner = &s[prefix.len()..s.len() - suffix.len()];
        Some(inner)
    } else {
        None
    }
}

/// Split a string on the first top-level comma (depth=0), returning the two sides.
fn split_top_level_comma(s: &str) -> Option<(&str, &str)> {
    let mut angle = 0usize;
    let mut paren = 0usize;
    let mut bracket = 0usize;
    for (i, ch) in s.char_indices() {
        match ch {
            '<' => angle += 1,
            '>' => angle = angle.saturating_sub(1),
            '(' => paren += 1,
            ')' => paren = paren.saturating_sub(1),
            '[' => bracket += 1,
            ']' => bracket = bracket.saturating_sub(1),
            ',' if angle == 0 && paren == 0 && bracket == 0 => {
                return Some((&s[..i], &s[i + 1..]));
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    None
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_primitives() {
        assert_eq!(parse_type_str("Int"), Type::Int);
        assert_eq!(parse_type_str("Float"), Type::Float);
        assert_eq!(parse_type_str("String"), Type::Str);
        assert_eq!(parse_type_str("Bool"), Type::Bool);
        assert_eq!(parse_type_str("Unit"), Type::Unit);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_generics() {
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str("Result<Int, String>"),
            Type::Result(Box::new(Type::Int), Box::new(Type::Str))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str("Option<Bool>"),
            Type::Option(Box::new(Type::Bool))
        );
        assert_eq!(parse_type_str("List<Int>"), Type::List(Box::new(Type::Int)));
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str("Map<String, Int>"),
            Type::Map(Box::new(Type::Str), Box::new(Type::Int))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str("Tuple<Int, String>"),
            Type::Tuple(vec![Type::Int, Type::Str])
        );
        // Paren-tuple types are no longer valid — `Type::Invalid` is
        // the lenient parser's recovery shape for unknown forms.
        assert_eq!(parse_type_str("(Int, String)"), Type::Invalid);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_nested() {
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str("Result<Float, String>"),
            Type::Result(Box::new(Type::Float), Box::new(Type::Str))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_unknown() {
        // Capitalized identifiers are now parsed as user-defined Named types
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str("SomeUnknownType"),
            Type::Named("SomeUnknownType".to_string())
        );
        // Lowercase non-keyword identifiers and empty strings become invalid recovery.
        assert_eq!(parse_type_str(""), Type::Invalid);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_compatible() {
        assert!(Type::Int.compatible(&Type::Int));
        assert!(!Type::Int.compatible(&Type::Str));
        assert!(!Type::Invalid.compatible(&Type::Int));
        assert!(!Type::Int.compatible(&Type::Invalid));
        assert!(!Type::Int.compatible(&Type::Float)); // no implicit widening
        assert!(
            Type::Result(Box::new(Type::Int), Box::new(Type::Str))
                .compatible(&Type::Result(Box::new(Type::Int), Box::new(Type::Str)))
        );
        assert!(
            Type::Map(Box::new(Type::Str), Box::new(Type::Int))
                .compatible(&Type::Map(Box::new(Type::Str), Box::new(Type::Int)))
        );
        assert!(
            !Type::Map(Box::new(Type::Str), Box::new(Type::Int))
                .compatible(&Type::Map(Box::new(Type::Int), Box::new(Type::Int)))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_function_type_parsing() {
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str_strict("Fn(Int, String) -> Bool").unwrap(),
            Type::Fn(vec![Type::Int, Type::Str], Box::new(Type::Bool), vec![])
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str_strict("Fn(Int) -> Int ! [Console]").unwrap(),
            Type::Fn(
                vec![Type::Int],
                Box::new(Type::Int),
                vec!["Console".to_string()]
            )
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_function_effect_compatibility_subset() {
        let pure = Type::Fn(vec![Type::Int], Box::new(Type::Int), vec![]);
        let console = Type::Fn(
            vec![Type::Int],
            Box::new(Type::Int),
            vec!["Console".to_string()],
        );

        assert!(pure.compatible(&console));
        assert!(!console.compatible(&pure));

        let child = Type::Fn(
            vec![Type::Int],
            Box::new(Type::Int),
            vec!["Http.get".to_string()],
        );
        let parent = Type::Fn(
            vec![Type::Int],
            Box::new(Type::Int),
            vec!["Http".to_string()],
        );
        // Http.get fits where Http is expected (subset of namespace)
        assert!(child.compatible(&parent));
        // Http does NOT fit where Http.get is expected (might use Http.post)
        assert!(!parent.compatible(&child));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_strict_parser_accepts_valid_generics() {
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str_strict("Result<Int, String>").unwrap(),
            Type::Result(Box::new(Type::Int), Box::new(Type::Str))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str_strict("List<Option<Float>>").unwrap(),
            Type::List(Box::new(Type::Option(Box::new(Type::Float))))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str_strict("Map<String, Int>").unwrap(),
            Type::Map(Box::new(Type::Str), Box::new(Type::Int))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str_strict("Tuple<Int, String>").unwrap(),
            Type::Tuple(vec![Type::Int, Type::Str])
        );
        // Paren-tuple types are an error in the strict parser.
        assert!(parse_type_str_strict("(Int, String)").is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_strict_parser_accepts_user_defined_types() {
        // Capitalized identifiers are accepted as user-defined Named types
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str_strict("Result<MyError, String>").unwrap(),
            Type::Result(
                Box::new(Type::Named("MyError".to_string())),
                Box::new(Type::Str)
            )
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str_strict("Option<Shape>").unwrap(),
            Type::Option(Box::new(Type::Named("Shape".to_string())))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str_strict("List<User>").unwrap(),
            Type::List(Box::new(Type::Named("User".to_string())))
        );
        // Lowercase unknown types still fail
        assert!(parse_type_str_strict("integ").is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_dotted_named_type() {
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str("Tcp.Connection"),
            Type::Named("Tcp.Connection".to_string())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str_strict("Tcp.Connection").unwrap(),
            Type::Named("Tcp.Connection".to_string())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            parse_type_str_strict("Result<Tcp.Connection, String>").unwrap(),
            Type::Result(
                Box::new(Type::Named("Tcp.Connection".to_string())),
                Box::new(Type::Str)
            )
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_strict_parser_rejects_malformed_generics() {
        assert!(parse_type_str_strict("Result<Int>").is_err());
        assert!(parse_type_str_strict("Option<Int, String>").is_err());
        assert!(parse_type_str_strict("Map<Int>").is_err());
        // List/User-type keys are now valid — runtime hashes deeply.
        assert!(parse_type_str_strict("Map<List<Int>, String>").is_ok());
        // Functions still cannot be hashed.
        assert!(parse_type_str_strict("Map<Fn(Int) -> Int, String>").is_err());
        assert!(parse_type_str_strict("(Int)").is_err());
        assert!(parse_type_str_strict("Fn(Int) Int").is_err());
        assert!(parse_type_str_strict("Fn(Int) -> ! [Console]").is_err());
    }
}