async_nats/jetstream/

message.rs

// Copyright 2020-2022 The NATS Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

//! A wrapped `crate::Message` with `JetStream` related methods.
use super::context::Context;
use crate::datetime::{self, DateTime};
use crate::header::{IntoHeaderName, IntoHeaderValue};
use crate::subject::ToSubject;
use crate::{error, header, message, Error, HeaderValue};
use crate::{subject::Subject, HeaderMap};
use bytes::Bytes;
use futures_util::future::TryFutureExt;
use futures_util::StreamExt;
use std::fmt::Display;
use std::{mem, time::Duration};

/// A message received directly from the stream, without leveraging a consumer.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct StreamMessage {
    pub subject: Subject,
    pub sequence: u64,
    pub headers: HeaderMap,
    pub payload: Bytes,
    pub time: DateTime,
}

/// An outbound message to be published.
/// Does not contain status or description which are valid only for inbound messages.
pub struct OutboundMessage {
    pub subject: Subject,
    pub payload: Bytes,
    pub headers: Option<HeaderMap>,
}

impl OutboundMessage {
    pub fn new(subject: Subject, payload: Bytes, headers: Option<HeaderMap>) -> Self {
        Self {
            subject,
            payload,
            headers,
        }
    }
}

impl From<OutboundMessage> for message::OutboundMessage {
    fn from(message: OutboundMessage) -> Self {
        message::OutboundMessage {
            subject: message.subject,
            payload: message.payload,
            headers: message.headers,
            reply: None,
        }
    }
}

/// Used for building customized `publish` message.
#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
pub struct PublishMessage {
    pub(crate) payload: Bytes,
    pub(crate) headers: Option<header::HeaderMap>,
}
impl PublishMessage {
    /// Creates a new custom Publish struct to be used with.
    pub fn build() -> Self {
        Default::default()
    }

    /// Sets the payload for the message.
    pub fn payload(mut self, payload: Bytes) -> Self {
        self.payload = payload;
        self
    }
    /// Adds headers to the message.
    pub fn headers(mut self, headers: HeaderMap) -> Self {
        self.headers = Some(headers);
        self
    }
    /// A shorthand to add a single header.
    pub fn header<N: IntoHeaderName, V: IntoHeaderValue>(mut self, name: N, value: V) -> Self {
        self.headers
            .get_or_insert(header::HeaderMap::new())
            .insert(name, value);
        self
    }
    /// Sets the `Nats-Msg-Id` header, that is used by stream deduplicate window.
    pub fn message_id<T: AsRef<str>>(self, id: T) -> Self {
        self.header(header::NATS_MESSAGE_ID, id.as_ref())
    }
    /// Sets expected last message ID.
    /// It sets the `Nats-Expected-Last-Msg-Id` header with provided value.
    pub fn expected_last_message_id<T: AsRef<str>>(self, last_message_id: T) -> Self {
        self.header(
            header::NATS_EXPECTED_LAST_MESSAGE_ID,
            last_message_id.as_ref(),
        )
    }
    /// Sets the last expected stream sequence.
    /// It sets the `Nats-Expected-Last-Sequence` header with provided value.
    pub fn expected_last_sequence(self, last_sequence: u64) -> Self {
        self.header(
            header::NATS_EXPECTED_LAST_SEQUENCE,
            HeaderValue::from(last_sequence),
        )
    }
    /// Sets the last expected stream sequence for a subject this message will be published to.
    /// It sets the `Nats-Expected-Last-Subject-Sequence` header with provided value.
    pub fn expected_last_subject_sequence(self, subject_sequence: u64) -> Self {
        self.header(
            header::NATS_EXPECTED_LAST_SUBJECT_SEQUENCE,
            HeaderValue::from(subject_sequence),
        )
    }
    /// Sets the expected stream name.
    /// It sets the `Nats-Expected-Stream` header with provided value.
    pub fn expected_stream<T: AsRef<str>>(self, stream: T) -> Self {
        self.header(
            header::NATS_EXPECTED_STREAM,
            HeaderValue::from(stream.as_ref()),
        )
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "server_2_11")]
    /// Sets TTL for a single message.
    /// It sets the `Nats-TTL` header with provided value.
    pub fn ttl(self, ttl: Duration) -> Self {
        self.header(header::NATS_MESSAGE_TTL, ttl.as_secs().to_string())
    }

    /// Creates an [crate::jetstream::message::OutboundMessage] that can be sent using
    /// [crate::jetstream::context::traits::Publisher::publish_message].
    pub fn outbound_message<S: ToSubject>(self, subject: S) -> OutboundMessage {
        OutboundMessage {
            subject: subject.to_subject(),
            payload: self.payload,
            headers: self.headers,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct Message {
    pub message: crate::Message,
    pub context: Context,
}

impl TryFrom<crate::Message> for StreamMessage {
    type Error = StreamMessageError;

    fn try_from(message: crate::Message) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        let headers = message.headers.ok_or_else(|| {
            StreamMessageError::with_source(StreamMessageErrorKind::MissingHeader, "no headers")
        })?;

        let sequence = headers
            .get_last(header::NATS_SEQUENCE)
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                StreamMessageError::with_source(StreamMessageErrorKind::MissingHeader, "sequence")
            })
            .and_then(|seq| {
                seq.as_str().parse().map_err(|err| {
                    StreamMessageError::with_source(
                        StreamMessageErrorKind::ParseError,
                        format!("could not parse sequence header: {err}"),
                    )
                })
            })?;

        let time = headers
            .get_last(header::NATS_TIME_STAMP)
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                StreamMessageError::with_source(StreamMessageErrorKind::MissingHeader, "timestamp")
            })
            .and_then(|time| {
                datetime::parse_rfc3339(time.as_str()).map_err(|err| {
                    StreamMessageError::with_source(
                        StreamMessageErrorKind::ParseError,
                        format!("could not parse timestamp header: {err}"),
                    )
                })
            })?;

        let subject = headers
            .get_last(header::NATS_SUBJECT)
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                StreamMessageError::with_source(StreamMessageErrorKind::MissingHeader, "subject")
            })?
            .as_str()
            .into();

        Ok(StreamMessage {
            subject,
            sequence,
            headers,
            payload: message.payload,
            time,
        })
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub enum StreamMessageErrorKind {
    MissingHeader,
    ParseError,
}

/// Error returned when library is unable to parse message got directly from the stream.
pub type StreamMessageError = error::Error<StreamMessageErrorKind>;

impl Display for StreamMessageErrorKind {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            StreamMessageErrorKind::MissingHeader => write!(f, "missing message header"),
            StreamMessageErrorKind::ParseError => write!(f, "parse error"),
        }
    }
}

impl std::ops::Deref for Message {
    type Target = crate::Message;

    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        &self.message
    }
}

impl From<Message> for crate::Message {
    fn from(source: Message) -> crate::Message {
        source.message
    }
}

impl Message {
    /// Splits [Message] into [Acker] and [crate::Message].
    /// This can help reduce memory footprint if [Message] can be dropped before acking,
    /// for example when it's transformed into another structure and acked later
    pub fn split(mut self) -> (crate::Message, Acker) {
        let reply = mem::take(&mut self.message.reply);
        (
            self.message,
            Acker {
                context: self.context,
                reply,
            },
        )
    }
    /// Acknowledges a message delivery by sending `+ACK` to the server.
    ///
    /// If [AckPolicy][crate::jetstream::consumer::AckPolicy] is set to `All` or `Explicit`, messages has to be acked.
    /// Otherwise redeliveries will occur and [Consumer][crate::jetstream::consumer::Consumer] will not be able to advance.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::Error> {
    /// use async_nats::jetstream::consumer::PullConsumer;
    /// use futures_util::StreamExt;
    /// let client = async_nats::connect("localhost:4222").await?;
    /// let jetstream = async_nats::jetstream::new(client);
    ///
    /// let consumer: PullConsumer = jetstream
    ///     .get_stream("events")
    ///     .await?
    ///     .get_consumer("pull")
    ///     .await?;
    ///
    /// let mut messages = consumer.fetch().max_messages(100).messages().await?;
    ///
    /// while let Some(message) = messages.next().await {
    ///     message?.ack().await?;
    /// }
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub async fn ack(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
        if let Some(ref reply) = self.reply {
            self.context
                .client
                .publish(reply.clone(), "".into())
                .map_err(Error::from)
                .await
        } else {
            Err(Box::new(std::io::Error::other(
                "No reply subject, not a JetStream message",
            )))
        }
    }

    /// Acknowledges a message delivery by sending a chosen [AckKind] variant to the server.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::Error> {
    /// use async_nats::jetstream::consumer::PullConsumer;
    /// use async_nats::jetstream::AckKind;
    /// use futures_util::StreamExt;
    /// let client = async_nats::connect("localhost:4222").await?;
    /// let jetstream = async_nats::jetstream::new(client);
    ///
    /// let consumer: PullConsumer = jetstream
    ///     .get_stream("events")
    ///     .await?
    ///     .get_consumer("pull")
    ///     .await?;
    ///
    /// let mut messages = consumer.fetch().max_messages(100).messages().await?;
    ///
    /// while let Some(message) = messages.next().await {
    ///     message?.ack_with(AckKind::Nak(None)).await?;
    /// }
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub async fn ack_with(&self, kind: AckKind) -> Result<(), Error> {
        if let Some(ref reply) = self.reply {
            self.context
                .client
                .publish(reply.to_owned(), kind.into())
                .map_err(Error::from)
                .await
        } else {
            Err(Box::new(std::io::Error::other(
                "No reply subject, not a JetStream message",
            )))
        }
    }

    /// Acknowledges a message delivery by sending a chosen [AckKind] to the server
    /// and awaits for confirmation for the server that it received the message.
    /// Useful if user wants to ensure `exactly once` semantics.
    ///
    /// If [AckPolicy][crate::jetstream::consumer::AckPolicy] is set to `All` or `Explicit`, messages has to be acked.
    /// Otherwise redeliveries will occur and [Consumer][crate::jetstream::consumer::Consumer] will not be able to advance.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::Error> {
    /// use async_nats::jetstream::AckKind;
    /// use futures_util::StreamExt;
    /// let client = async_nats::connect("localhost:4222").await?;
    /// let jetstream = async_nats::jetstream::new(client);
    ///
    /// let consumer = jetstream
    ///     .get_stream("events")
    ///     .await?
    ///     .get_consumer("pull")
    ///     .await?;
    ///
    /// let mut messages = consumer.fetch().max_messages(100).messages().await?;
    ///
    /// while let Some(message) = messages.next().await {
    ///     message?.double_ack_with(AckKind::Ack).await?;
    /// }
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub async fn double_ack_with(&self, ack_kind: AckKind) -> Result<(), Error> {
        if let Some(ref reply) = self.reply {
            let inbox = self.context.client.new_inbox();
            let mut subscription = self.context.client.subscribe(inbox.clone()).await?;
            self.context
                .client
                .publish_with_reply(reply.clone(), inbox, ack_kind.into())
                .await?;
            match tokio::time::timeout(self.context.timeout, subscription.next())
                .await
                .map_err(|_| {
                    std::io::Error::new(
                        std::io::ErrorKind::TimedOut,
                        "double ack response timed out",
                    )
                })? {
                Some(_) => Ok(()),
                None => Err(Box::new(std::io::Error::other("subscription dropped"))),
            }
        } else {
            Err(Box::new(std::io::Error::other(
                "No reply subject, not a JetStream message",
            )))
        }
    }

    /// Acknowledges a message delivery by sending `+ACK` to the server
    /// and awaits for confirmation for the server that it received the message.
    /// Useful if user wants to ensure `exactly once` semantics.
    ///
    /// If [AckPolicy][crate::jetstream::consumer::AckPolicy] is set to `All` or `Explicit`, messages has to be acked.
    /// Otherwise redeliveries will occur and [Consumer][crate::jetstream::consumer::Consumer] will not be able to advance.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::Error> {
    /// use futures_util::StreamExt;
    /// let client = async_nats::connect("localhost:4222").await?;
    /// let jetstream = async_nats::jetstream::new(client);
    ///
    /// let consumer = jetstream
    ///     .get_stream("events")
    ///     .await?
    ///     .get_consumer("pull")
    ///     .await?;
    ///
    /// let mut messages = consumer.fetch().max_messages(100).messages().await?;
    ///
    /// while let Some(message) = messages.next().await {
    ///     message?.double_ack().await?;
    /// }
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub async fn double_ack(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
        self.double_ack_with(AckKind::Ack).await
    }

    /// Returns the `JetStream` message ID
    /// if this is a `JetStream` message.
    #[allow(clippy::mixed_read_write_in_expression)]
    pub fn info(&self) -> Result<Info<'_>, Error> {
        const PREFIX: &str = "$JS.ACK.";
        const SKIP: usize = PREFIX.len();

        let mut reply: &str = self.reply.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
            std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound, "did not found reply subject")
        })?;

        if !reply.starts_with(PREFIX) {
            return Err(Box::new(std::io::Error::other(
                "did not found proper prefix",
            )));
        }

        reply = &reply[SKIP..];

        let mut split = reply.split('.');

        // we should avoid allocating to prevent
        // large performance degradations in
        // parsing this.
        let mut tokens: [Option<&str>; 10] = [None; 10];
        let mut n_tokens = 0;
        for each_token in &mut tokens {
            if let Some(token) = split.next() {
                *each_token = Some(token);
                n_tokens += 1;
            }
        }

        let mut token_index = 0;

        macro_rules! try_parse {
            () => {
                match str::parse(try_parse!(str)) {
                    Ok(parsed) => parsed,
                    Err(e) => {
                        return Err(Box::new(e));
                    }
                }
            };
            (str) => {
                if let Some(next) = tokens[token_index].take() {
                    #[allow(unused)]
                    {
                        // this isn't actually unused, but it's
                        // difficult for the compiler to infer this.
                        token_index += 1;
                    }
                    next
                } else {
                    return Err(Box::new(std::io::Error::other("too few tokens")));
                }
            };
        }

        // now we can try to parse the tokens to
        // individual types. We use an if-else
        // chain instead of a match because it
        // produces more optimal code usually,
        // and we want to try the 9 (11 - the first 2)
        // case first because we expect it to
        // be the most common. We use >= to be
        // future-proof.
        if n_tokens >= 9 {
            Ok(Info {
                domain: {
                    let domain: &str = try_parse!(str);
                    if domain == "_" {
                        None
                    } else {
                        Some(domain)
                    }
                },
                acc_hash: Some(try_parse!(str)),
                stream: try_parse!(str),
                consumer: try_parse!(str),
                delivered: try_parse!(),
                stream_sequence: try_parse!(),
                consumer_sequence: try_parse!(),
                published: {
                    let nanos: i128 = try_parse!();
                    datetime::from_nanos(nanos)?
                },
                pending: try_parse!(),
                token: if n_tokens >= 9 {
                    Some(try_parse!(str))
                } else {
                    None
                },
            })
        } else if n_tokens == 7 {
            // we expect this to be increasingly rare, as older
            // servers are phased out.
            Ok(Info {
                domain: None,
                acc_hash: None,
                stream: try_parse!(str),
                consumer: try_parse!(str),
                delivered: try_parse!(),
                stream_sequence: try_parse!(),
                consumer_sequence: try_parse!(),
                published: {
                    let nanos: i128 = try_parse!();
                    datetime::from_nanos(nanos)?
                },
                pending: try_parse!(),
                token: None,
            })
        } else {
            Err(Box::new(std::io::Error::other("bad token number")))
        }
    }
}

/// A lightweight struct useful for decoupling message contents and the ability to ack it.
pub struct Acker {
    context: Context,
    reply: Option<Subject>,
}

// TODO(tp): This should be async trait to avoid duplication of code. Will be refactored into one when async traits are available.
// The async-trait crate is not a solution here, as it would mean we're allocating at every ack.
// Creating separate function to ack just to avoid one duplication is not worth it either.
impl Acker {
    pub fn new(context: Context, reply: Option<Subject>) -> Self {
        Self { context, reply }
    }
    /// Acknowledges a message delivery by sending `+ACK` to the server.
    ///
    /// If [AckPolicy][crate::jetstream::consumer::AckPolicy] is set to `All` or `Explicit`, messages has to be acked.
    /// Otherwise redeliveries will occur and [Consumer][crate::jetstream::consumer::Consumer] will not be able to advance.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::Error> {
    /// use async_nats::jetstream::{consumer::PullConsumer, Message};
    /// use futures_util::StreamExt;
    /// let client = async_nats::connect("localhost:4222").await?;
    /// let jetstream = async_nats::jetstream::new(client);
    ///
    /// let consumer: PullConsumer = jetstream
    ///     .get_stream("events")
    ///     .await?
    ///     .get_consumer("pull")
    ///     .await?;
    ///
    /// let mut messages = consumer.fetch().max_messages(100).messages().await?;
    ///
    /// while let Some(message) = messages.next().await {
    ///     let (message, acker) = message.map(Message::split)?;
    ///     // Do something with the message. Ownership can be taken over `Message`
    ///     // while retaining ability to ack later.
    ///     println!("message: {:?}", message);
    ///     // Ack it. `Message` may be dropped already.
    ///     acker.ack().await?;
    /// }
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub async fn ack(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
        if let Some(ref reply) = self.reply {
            self.context
                .client
                .publish(reply.to_owned(), "".into())
                .map_err(Error::from)
                .await
        } else {
            Err(Box::new(std::io::Error::other(
                "No reply subject, not a JetStream message",
            )))
        }
    }

    /// Acknowledges a message delivery by sending a chosen [AckKind] variant to the server.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::Error> {
    /// use async_nats::jetstream::{consumer::PullConsumer, AckKind, Message};
    /// use futures_util::StreamExt;
    /// let client = async_nats::connect("localhost:4222").await?;
    /// let jetstream = async_nats::jetstream::new(client);
    ///
    /// let consumer: PullConsumer = jetstream
    ///     .get_stream("events")
    ///     .await?
    ///     .get_consumer("pull")
    ///     .await?;
    ///
    /// let mut messages = consumer.fetch().max_messages(100).messages().await?;
    ///
    /// while let Some(message) = messages.next().await {
    ///     let (message, acker) = message.map(Message::split)?;
    ///     // Do something with the message. Ownership can be taken over `Message`.
    ///     // while retaining ability to ack later.
    ///     println!("message: {:?}", message);
    ///     // Ack it. `Message` may be dropped already.
    ///     acker.ack_with(AckKind::Nak(None)).await?;
    /// }
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub async fn ack_with(&self, kind: AckKind) -> Result<(), Error> {
        if let Some(ref reply) = self.reply {
            self.context
                .client
                .publish(reply.to_owned(), kind.into())
                .map_err(Error::from)
                .await
        } else {
            Err(Box::new(std::io::Error::other(
                "No reply subject, not a JetStream message",
            )))
        }
    }

    /// Acknowledges a message delivery by sending the chosen [AckKind] to the server
    /// and awaits for confirmation for the server that it received the message.
    /// Useful if user wants to ensure `exactly once` semantics.
    ///
    /// If [AckPolicy][crate::jetstream::consumer::AckPolicy] is set to `All` or `Explicit`, messages has to be acked.
    /// Otherwise redeliveries will occur and [Consumer][crate::jetstream::consumer::Consumer] will not be able to advance.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::Error> {
    /// use async_nats::jetstream::{AckKind, Message};
    /// use futures_util::StreamExt;
    /// let client = async_nats::connect("localhost:4222").await?;
    /// let jetstream = async_nats::jetstream::new(client);
    ///
    /// let consumer = jetstream
    ///     .get_stream("events")
    ///     .await?
    ///     .get_consumer("pull")
    ///     .await?;
    ///
    /// let mut messages = consumer.fetch().max_messages(100).messages().await?;
    ///
    /// while let Some(message) = messages.next().await {
    ///     let (message, acker) = message.map(Message::split)?;
    ///     // Do something with the message. Ownership can be taken over `Message`.
    ///     // while retaining ability to ack later.
    ///     println!("message: {:?}", message);
    ///     // Ack it. `Message` may be dropped already.
    ///     acker.double_ack_with(AckKind::Ack).await?;
    /// }
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub async fn double_ack_with(&self, ack_kind: AckKind) -> Result<(), Error> {
        if let Some(ref reply) = self.reply {
            let inbox = self.context.client.new_inbox();
            let mut subscription = self.context.client.subscribe(inbox.to_owned()).await?;
            self.context
                .client
                .publish_with_reply(reply.to_owned(), inbox, ack_kind.into())
                .await?;
            match tokio::time::timeout(self.context.timeout, subscription.next())
                .await
                .map_err(|_| {
                    std::io::Error::new(
                        std::io::ErrorKind::TimedOut,
                        "double ack response timed out",
                    )
                })? {
                Some(_) => Ok(()),
                None => Err(Box::new(std::io::Error::other("subscription dropped"))),
            }
        } else {
            Err(Box::new(std::io::Error::other(
                "No reply subject, not a JetStream message",
            )))
        }
    }

    /// Acknowledges a message delivery by sending `+ACK` to the server
    /// and awaits for confirmation for the server that it received the message.
    /// Useful if user wants to ensure `exactly once` semantics.
    ///
    /// If [AckPolicy][crate::jetstream::consumer::AckPolicy] is set to `All` or `Explicit`, messages has to be acked.
    /// Otherwise redeliveries will occur and [Consumer][crate::jetstream::consumer::Consumer] will not be able to advance.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::Error> {
    /// use async_nats::jetstream::Message;
    /// use futures_util::StreamExt;
    /// let client = async_nats::connect("localhost:4222").await?;
    /// let jetstream = async_nats::jetstream::new(client);
    ///
    /// let consumer = jetstream
    ///     .get_stream("events")
    ///     .await?
    ///     .get_consumer("pull")
    ///     .await?;
    ///
    /// let mut messages = consumer.fetch().max_messages(100).messages().await?;
    ///
    /// while let Some(message) = messages.next().await {
    ///     let (message, acker) = message.map(Message::split)?;
    ///     // Do something with the message. Ownership can be taken over `Message`.
    ///     // while retaining ability to ack later.
    ///     println!("message: {:?}", message);
    ///     // Ack it. `Message` may be dropped already.
    ///     acker.double_ack().await?;
    /// }
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub async fn double_ack(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
        self.double_ack_with(AckKind::Ack).await
    }
}
/// The kinds of response used for acknowledging a processed message.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub enum AckKind {
    /// Acknowledges a message was completely handled.
    Ack,
    /// Signals that the message will not be processed now
    /// and processing can move onto the next message, NAK'd
    /// message will be retried.
    Nak(Option<Duration>),
    /// When sent before the AckWait period indicates that
    /// work is ongoing and the period should be extended by
    /// another equal to AckWait.
    Progress,
    /// Acknowledges the message was handled and requests
    /// delivery of the next message to the reply subject.
    /// Only applies to Pull-mode.
    Next,
    /// Instructs the server to stop redelivery of a message
    /// without acknowledging it as successfully processed.
    Term,
}

impl From<AckKind> for Bytes {
    fn from(kind: AckKind) -> Self {
        use AckKind::*;
        match kind {
            Ack => Bytes::from_static(b"+ACK"),
            Nak(maybe_duration) => match maybe_duration {
                None => Bytes::from_static(b"-NAK"),
                Some(duration) => format!("-NAK {{\"delay\":{}}}", duration.as_nanos()).into(),
            },
            Progress => Bytes::from_static(b"+WPI"),
            Next => Bytes::from_static(b"+NXT"),
            Term => Bytes::from_static(b"+TERM"),
        }
    }
}

/// Information about a received message
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Info<'a> {
    /// Optional domain, present in servers post-ADR-15
    pub domain: Option<&'a str>,
    /// Optional account hash, present in servers post-ADR-15
    pub acc_hash: Option<&'a str>,
    /// The stream name
    pub stream: &'a str,
    /// The consumer name
    pub consumer: &'a str,
    /// The stream sequence number associated with this message
    pub stream_sequence: u64,
    /// The consumer sequence number associated with this message
    pub consumer_sequence: u64,
    /// The number of delivery attempts for this message
    pub delivered: i64,
    /// the number of messages known by the server to be pending to this consumer
    pub pending: u64,
    /// the time that this message was received by the server from its publisher
    pub published: DateTime,
    /// Optional token, present in servers post-ADR-15
    pub token: Option<&'a str>,
}